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Cyanosis is the indication of a blue-purple appearance to the skin. These blue-purple hues most commonly appear around the thin layers of skin, such as the lips or mouth region. A lack of oxygen in the blood can cause such discoloration. Possible treatment options include oxygenation, where a ventilator or breathing machine provides extra pathways for oxygen in the blood.

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Jaundice is a condition that causes the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes to appear yellow. This type of discoloration can be caused by a high level of bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is created during the breakdown of red blood cells. In infants, jaundice can be caused by a premature birth, or lack of breastmilk consumption. Fortunately, jaundice can be treated naturally by waiting for the body's natural excretion of excess bilirubin, or an exchange blood transfusion.

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A rash is the indication of an irritated or swollen area of the skin. Rashes can be easily identified, as they as commonly itchy, red, and sometimes painful. A variety of factors can cause rashes— infections, heat, allergens, and even immune system disorders. Depending on the severity of the rash, rashes can be treated by hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion.

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Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer, and becomes cancerous due to the excess proliferation of squamous cells. Factors such as fair skin, excessive sun exposure, excessive use of tanning beds, and weak immune systems can all be causes of squamous cell carcinoma. Treatments for this cancer include excisional surgery (extraction), or even radiation.

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Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer that first appears as a small mole, but further growth causes these cancerous moles to become dark. Basal cell carcinoma can be cause by unprotected skin exposure to UV rays, and tanning beds. For this specific skin cancer, surgery is the most common treatment. A surgical excision will be required to cut out the cancerous lesion.

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Melanoma is a skin cancer that usually develops in or around an existing mole. The region around the mole can be both flat, or slightly raised. Causes of melanoma include excessive UV light exposure, fair skin, having many moles, and a weakened immune system. Treatment for melanoma is primarily excision. Surgical excision can be performed, but the extent of the surgery depends on the thickness and deepness of the melanoma.

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A first degree burn, also called a superficial burn/wound, is a burn that affects the first layer of the skin. It is the mildest form of a skin injury. First degree burns can be caused by the sun, hot water, or contact with hot objects. Treatments to first degree burns are relatively simple. Some include cooling the burn using cold water, application of aloe-vera gel, or taking over-the-counter pain medication.

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A second degree burn often appears wet or moist, and affects both the first and second layers of the skin. Second degree burns are characterized by blisters and red, swollen appearances. These types of burns can be caused by overexposure to UV lights, radiation, or chemical contact. If a second degree burn occurs, the first step is to rinse the burn using cool water (not ice water), and then bandaging the burn loosely to avoid putting pressure on the burned skin.

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A third degree burn is severe damage to the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. Depending on the severity, third degree burns can also cause damage to the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. Because third degree burns are deep, damaged nerve ending lead to a lack of sensation in the burned areas. Such a burn can be caused by an electrical force, a chemical exposure, fire, or a scalding liquid. Treatment for a third degree burn will depend on the extent of the burn, location of the burn, and cause of the burn. However, most third degree burns will be treated using early cleaning and debriding. Then, several IV (intravenous) fluids containing electrolytes and antibiotics can be given to the patient.

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Eczema is a skin allergy that is characterized by patches of itchiness, inflammation, swelling, and sometimes cracked skin. This specific allergy can be caused by a combination of immune system activations, genetics, and environmental triggers/stress. Treatment for eczema includes moisturization of the skin, application of bandages, warm baths, and oral allergy and anti-itch medications.

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Hives are reddened, itchy welts that appear on the surface of the skin. Hives can be triggered by exposure to certain foods, medications, and other substances. They usually causes swelling, and itchy sensations on the skin. Treatment for hives include cold compresses on affected regions, using anti-itch creams, and calamine lotion.

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Contact dermatitis is a type of eczema that is triggered by a certain substance, that depends on the patient. Similarly to eczema, contact dermatitis appear as red, swollen, and extremely itchy regions on the skin. Common causes of contact dermatitis include exposure to irritants such as soaps and detergents. Treatments fo contact dermatitis can include steroid creams and ointments. These types of topical creams can help soothe the itchiness of the affected regions. Doctors can also prescribe oral medications that can relieve bacterial infections.