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Myths are stories that relate actual events associated with religious belief. The characters are mainly gods and superhumans.

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Relation of Myths to Other Narrative Forms

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Relation of Myths to Other Narrative Forms

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Differences:

Fables teach morals that relates to daily lives while myths are sometimes hard to relate in everyday lives.

Fables have unspecific terms for time and space while myths tell the specific details of the events.

Similarities:

Fables and myths feature personified animal or natural objects as characters.

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Differences:

Fairy tales use general terms for settings and time while myths specify every detail in the story.

Similarities:

They both present extraordinary beings and events.

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Differences:

Folktales reflect simple social situations whiles myths have an underlying purpose in simple storytelling.

Similarities:

Both myths and folktales are passed through oral means.

Their origins are uncertain and their authors or narrators are anonymous.

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Differences:

Sagas are set in a more realistic places while myths are set in a semidivine world.

Epics mainly focus on heroes or the change in a certain group while myths focus on gods and nymphs.

Similarities:

Epics characteristically incorporate mythical events and persons.

Epics and myths have been passed down for many years.

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Relation of myths to other narrative forms.

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Relation of myths to other narrative forms.

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LEGENDS

·         a distinction may be drawn between myth (which refers to the supernatural and the sacred) and legend (which is grounded in historical fact).

·         characterizes a traditional tale thought to have a historical basis.

·         legends a link between historical facts.

·         Eg. King Arthur, Robin Hood

PARABLES

·         narratives that have as their explicit purpose the illustration of a doctrine or standard of conduct

·         non-mythological

·         more subservient function than myths.

·         Eg. New Testament

ETIOLOGICAL TALES

·         close to myth

·         etiology is used to refer to the description or assignment of causes (Greek aitia)

·         explains the origin of a custom, state of affairs, or natural feature in the human or divine world.

·         etiology is not the distinctive characteristic of myth.

·         Eg. lightning and thunder by saying that Zeus is angry.

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APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF MYTH AND MYTHOLOGY

• FOLKLORIC
-  the traditional beliefs, myths, tales, and practices of a people that are transmitted orally.
• FUNCTIONALIST
- explain mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner.
- focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior
• STRUCTURALIST
- holds economic disparities that are build into the system-people built, organized and structured the world’s economy in a certain way that cannot be changed easily
• FORMALIST
- can be defined as critical approach in which the text under discussion is considered primarily as a structure of words
- the main focus is on the arrangement of language, rather than on the implication of words

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Allegorical Approach

can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

acts as an extended metaphor in which persons, abstract ideas, or events represent not only themselves on the literal level, but they also stand for something else on the symbolic level.

Romantic Approach

artists emphasize the role of the emotions in human life and, correspondingly, to play down the importance of reason.

Those involved in the new movement were known as Romantics.

The Romantic Movement had profound implications for the study of myth.

experiences are far more vital and powerful than those obtainable from what was felt to be the artificial art and poetry of the aristocratic civilization of contemporary Europe.

Comparative Approach

is the comparison of myths from different cultures in an attempt to identify shared themes and characteristics.

it served a variety of academic purposes.

uses the relationships between different myths to trace the developmentof religions and cultures,to propose common origins for myths from different cultures and to support various psychological theories.

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Myth and mythology is being explained that is why we are going to proceed to the function of this two.

- Myths are the path to human understanding and myth- making is the path to self-expansion and human expansion.
- Myths helps understand reality.
- Myths is the explanation of facts weather natural or cultural.

There are 4 function of mythology according to Joseph Campbell

1. The mystical Function
-He believed that myth helped people to express what is felt like to live in awe of the universe-- what is meant to be human in the midst of so many unknowns. This function serves for providing scale.

2. The cosmological Function
- Myth gave early humans a way to make sense of their world. it explained how we got here and how it all works. It provides direction and comfort to man.

3. The sociological Function
- Mythology served the important role of establishing society's rules and norms. It taught people how to act and treat each other. Becoming a mythic means becoming a role model.

4. The pedagogical Function
- Myth helped men develop a meaning, to determine what life was all about, why we were here and what we were to do about it.

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- Many myths explain ritual and cultic customs.
- According to myths from the island of Ceram (in Indonesia), in the beginning life was not complete, or not yet "human": vegetation and animals did not exist, and there was neither death nor sexuality.
- With a certain circularity frequent in mythology, the myth validates the very cultic celebration mentioned in the myth.
- The cult can be understood as a commemoration of those first events.
- Comparable myths are told in a number of societies where the main means of food production is the cultivation of root crops; the myths reflect the fact that tubers must be cut up and buried in the earth for propagation to take place.
- Ruling families in ancient civilizations frequently justified their position by invoking myths—for example, that they had divine origins.
Examples are known from imperial China, pharaonic Egypt, the Hittite empire, Polynesia, the Inca empire, and India.
- The French historian of ancient religion Georges Dumézil was the pioneer in suggesting that the priestly, warrior, and producing classes in ancient Indo-European societies regarded themselves as having been ordained to particular tasks by virtue of their mythological origins.