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Northwestern indian confederacy 1780s- refused to accept any american settlement west of ohio river

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Ch 4)How did Indian nations unify or divide in response to American land policy?

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Ch 4)How did Indian nations unify or divide in response to American land policy?

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We saw some nations divide when they sold one another's land in illegitimate treaties, such as when the Iroquois sold Shawnee land to protect themselves from the same fate!

We also saw unity through new religions, and the work of Tecumseh and Tenskwatawata

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Why did European's travel to North America?

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Why did European's travel to North America?

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Europeans traveled to North America with hopes of colonizing the Indigenous peoples. Colonists wanted to spread their religious ideals and use the new land as a way to make money for their homelands. In the case of the Spanish, they wanted to spread Christianity by converting the Native Americans in the Southwest region of the US. The French used the Natives for fur trading, and the English wanted to take over their lands in order to expand their empire and reap the benefits of the landscape.

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How did the introduction of horses change life on the Great Plains? (pg 163) 

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How did the introduction of horses change life on the Great Plains? (pg 163) 

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Horses transformed the great plains by making trade/travel happen faster, and warfare more deadly. Tribes that obtained horses faster than their enemies were able to decimate their enemies

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What roles did diplomacy and treaty-making play in the relations between Native Americans and Europeans?

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What roles did diplomacy and treaty-making play in the relations between Native Americans and Europeans?

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Europeans (specifically the English) would often manipulate the making of treaties to get better deals out of the process. Many Native Americans were not familiar with English, let alone the written "legalise" version of English, so clauses could be added that harmed Native Americans but would not be caught by them. The English would also agree to land sold by one tribe that did not belong to them. For example, the Cherokee could decide to sell Shawnee land and the English would accept it and consider the purchase/trade valid.

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What role did diplomacy and treaty-making have...?

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What role did diplomacy and treaty-making have...?

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Diplomacy and treaty-making somewhat helped the relations between the Natives and the Europeans, but oftentimes the Europeans would doctor the terms of the treaties to fit their desires rather than the terms that had been agreed upon. We saw this discrepancy in the primary documents titled "An English Treaty and a Penobscot Response", where the Native Americans claimed that the verbal agreement had largely differed from the written one, which was then largely in favor of the English.

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west had Spanish missions they were dealing with. west was more divided with comanche raiders. east was building alliances. in the pacific northwest, Indians were dealing with Russians and other countries bc of the sea otter trade.

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Cahokia and chaco canyon most prominent pre-contact societies

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What roles did diplomacy and treaty-making play in the relations between Native Americans and Europeans?  (pg 163)  

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What roles did diplomacy and treaty-making play in the relations between Native Americans and Europeans?  (pg 163)  

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Diplomacy and treaty-making helped with the exchange of peoples, specifically returning captives (sometimes unwillingly) back to their original society. Diplomacy also lead to things like the fur trade, which sparked the beaver wars and the blood shed it caused. Sometimes treaties made between European powers (Treaty of Paris, which ceded all land east of the Mississippi, and the other treaty of Paris that ended the revolutionary war) disregarded pre-existing relations

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Why did the Europeans travel to North America?

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Why did the Europeans travel to North America?

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Europeans traveled to North America because they wanted to find new land and explore more. Once they got to North America, they found people living there and wanted that land. The ultimate goal of Europeans is to get more land and more wealth. Spaniards wanted to spread their religion, Christianity, no matter the cost.

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Why did Europeans travel to North America?

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Why did Europeans travel to North America?

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There are many different reasons that Europeans travelled to North America, it depends on which country they came from or are representing. The Spanish saw the new world as an area for empire building. They created several colonies and created the encomienda system. They wanted to share their religious beliefs with the indigenous people and seek precious metals and fortunes. The French wanted to make an alliance with the natives and be a part of their trading system, especially fur trading.

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Before the arrival of European explorers and settlers, what sorts of Native American societies existed from coast to coast?

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Before the arrival of European explorers and settlers, what sorts of Native American societies existed from coast to coast?

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There were plenty, but the main one that comes to mind is Chaco Canyon, which served as a massive cultural and trading hub. It allowed for thousands (more??) people to live, work, and travel through the center.

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Before the arrival of European explorers and settlers, what sorts of Native American societies existed from coast to coast? (pg 43) 

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Before the arrival of European explorers and settlers, what sorts of Native American societies existed from coast to coast? (pg 43) 

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Selective crop breeding

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Chaco Canyon and Cahokia

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Mound building culture throughout the Midwest

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How did their environments influence their social structures?

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How did their environments influence their social structures?

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the environment influenced all aspects. with agriculture, led to the rise of men and women's role in societies and clear division in power differences. the land quality also affected their way of life (mobility versus settling down)

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with more agriculture came more differentiated gender roles

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trade, gaining fortune, gaining power/expanding empire, spreading religion

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Why did Europeans travel to North America?

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Why did Europeans travel to North America?

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Gold, God and Glory. The French wished to obtain furs to trade, while the Spanish were more intent on converting and conquering. Since the Spanish (and later on the English) were focused on creating permanent settlements, they were a lot less lenient towards the indigenous way of life. Having more land = more power at the time, meaning there was a mad grab for land and increased affluence on the global scale.

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French wanted to trade and leave. Spanish/English wanted to stay, more focused on conversion. Expanding empire to get more resources

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Horses promoted migration, trade, warfare, and raids on agricultural societies

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How did the introduction of horses change life on the Great Plains? (pg 163) 

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How did the introduction of horses change life on the Great Plains? (pg 163) 

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tribes that successfully mastered horsemanship became much more successful in inter-tribal conflict. Especially the Apache and the Comanche were really good at mobile warfare, allowing them to quickly raid other tribal settlements that were sedentary. This greater movement changed the power relationships between Indigenous groups everywhere, but especially in the Great Plains.

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Indigenous people tended to use oral history and diplomatic goodwill and English/Spanish relied on written agreements. Used treaties to exploit Native Americans

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What roles did diplomacy and treaty-making play in the relations between Native Americans and Europeans?  (pg 163)  

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What roles did diplomacy and treaty-making play in the relations between Native Americans and Europeans?  (pg 163)  

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Europeans were used to written methods, which Indigenous people were used to using social diplomacy rather than written agreements. This is exemplified when the English started to fence off land as "private property" and messed up the Indigenous people's hunting lands and crops. The fenced off lands often held pigs, which ruined indigenous crops.

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also the idea of private ownership of land really drove the concept of shame from childbirth out of wedlock (illegitimate heirs) was that illegitimate children could inherit land from their parents, which did not matter before contact, since Indigenous people had no concept of private land ownership

"you love your children, but we love all our children"

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How did Indian nations unify or divide in response to American land policy?

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How did Indian nations unify or divide in response to American land policy?

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Pontiac, Neolin fought for unity in the east. Tecumseh and his brother also built a coalition extending into the south, defeated by Smallpox/defeat at Tippecanoe. In the west, division in response to Spanish rule, fighting between Pueblo, Comanche, and Apache. Upper Creek and Lower Creek had different approaches to diplomacy with the Americans

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the Iroquois confederacy also split as a result of the American revolution, where some tribes sided with the Americans and others sided with the British

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What distinguished Native American experiences in the East from those in the West at the end of the 18th century?

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What distinguished Native American experiences in the East from those in the West at the end of the 18th century?

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east had a lot of contact with the Americans and French (english descendants) and the ones on the West had contact with Russians and Spanish. The russians did lots of overhunting along the western coast. American influence and encroachment on Indigenous territory was not nearly as extreme as the ones in the eastern region due to the geographic distance between the two areas.

until the US expanded west, the indigenous people of the western regions wouldn't see much US influence until the US purchased the Louisiana territory in 1803.