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Indulgences was a system where you could pay the church and in return have forgiveness for your sins. This was a easy way into heaven for rich people, not so easy for the poor.

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Martin Luther, John Calvin and other scholars did not agree with the corrupt system the churches had.

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The churches had less faith because people started questioning if paying will actually get them into heaven.

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Martin Luther wanted to change the system of the indulgences and only wanted to reform not break away from the church.

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Luther believed in "faith alone, grace alone, salvation alone". He believed the bible was the ultimate authority and the pope could not decide who went to heaven. The 95 theses were written as a response to the indulgences that people could be given salvation through faith alone.

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after being refused, he was excommunicated and went into hiding for several years.

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French priest and lawyer
- institutes on Christian religion

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unlike the churches, Calvin believed that salvation is gained thought faith alone

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he created predestination. This is the belief that only God decides if an individual has achieved eternal life

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he ruled England for 36 years and had brought his nation into the protestant reformation

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king henry wanted a boy heir which his wife didn't give him so he divorced her by banishing all popes. this was a result of his wifes family being the roman holy empire

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after being denied divorce, king henry had banned all popes and churches. He then took all the land and money and built his own church, there ending up divorcing himself.

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After her father died, she was third in line to inherit the throne.

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Elizabeth I ruled from 1558-1603
in that time she had colonized the western hemisphere. she also had military outpost and economic advantages .

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she had won victory over the Spanish armada
-England becomes naval power
-ends spains dominations of the Atlantic