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First to discover DNA as a distinct molecule. He studied white blood cells from puss and discovered phosphorous and nitrogen in their nuclei. His discovery was first called nuclein.
https://www.google.com/url
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi2z-iPieH1AhUUkokEHbEKBzkQFnoECBsQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFriedrich-Miescher&usg=AOvVaw3oKYj0RdMb4h5-pV4JLacA

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Discovered the “transforming principle” in an experiment involving bacteria and how they affected mice. In the experiment, Griffith used various combinations of virulent and non-virulent bacteria and injected them into mice to see their effects. This experiment showed that bacteria can “transform themselves” from harmless (non-virulent) to harmful (virulent).
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwib-sf0i-H1AhV5kokEHeSQBQEQFnoECAkQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFrederick-Griffith&usg=AOvVaw32xTpnXwMjtRUl1omLIB4o

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Added to the discovery of the “transforming principle” by showing that DNA was what caused bacteria to transform from one set of characteristics to another. His experiment had the same concept as Griffith’s, testing the effects of bacteria on mice to see how bacteria can change. However, in his experiment, enzymes were used to first remove proteins and DNA from the bacteria cells to see which affected the transformation of bacteria. When proteins were removed, the bacteria still transformed, and this led to the conclusion that DNA was the transforming factor. https://www.diffen.com/difference/Frederick_Griffith_vs_Oswald_Avery

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Erwin Chargaff discovered that the ratios of adenine and thymine, and guanine to cytosine are the same. He discovered this by isolating the four different nitrogenous bases using paper chromatography. He then created new solutions containing each of the isolated samples and observed them using UV spectrophotometry.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/erwin-chargaff-experiment-discovery-rules.html

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Maurice Wilkins discovered the structure of DNA: double-helix. This happened when he was involved in X-ray diffraction photographs.
https://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/index.php/people/summary/Wilkins

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They discovered and demonstrated that DNA was transferred from bacteriophages to bacteria. They also discovered that a phage can recombine when co-infected into a bacteria host. They did this by using the Hershey-Chase blender expirement where Hershey proved that phage DNA was the genetic material.
http://www.dnaftb.org/18/bio-2.html

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Watson and Crick realized that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that encode genetic information. They discovered this by using a technique called X-ray crystallography.
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/06/3/l_063_01.html

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Rosalind Franklin applied X-ray diffraction to study DNA. She also played a part in the discovery of DNA’s double-helix shape. She also discovered two types of DNA called “A-DNA” and “B-DNA”.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rosalind-Franklin

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Linus Pauling discovered the cause of sickle cell anemia, the nature of chemical bonds, and determined the structure of proteins. The structure of proteins is a spiral shape, and this discovery allowed scientists to crack the DNA code for all organisms. His experiment was comparing protein within people that have sickle-cell anemia and proteins of people without it.
https://www.famousscientists.org/linus-pauling/