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LinkedIn is a job-seeker's best friend - but only if a job-seeker uses LinkedIn's features to their advantage!

I hear from battalions of job-seekers who are under the mistaken impression that simply creating a LinkedIn profile will get them a great job. That's false!

LinkedIn is like a Swiss army knife. It's an incredible tool, but it doesn't do the work by itself.

Here are ten things every job-seeker should be doing on LinkedIn.
Branding Themselves For The Jobs They Want
The biggest personal-branding mistake most job-seekers make is to brand themselves as miscellaneous collections of experiences.

When a visitor reads your LinkedIn profile, it is vital to tell them right away what kind of job you are looking for.

That's why branding choices like "Multi-Skilled Strategic Leader" are the absolute worst. Bland, general branding like that doesn't tell us what you want to do in your next job.

When a job-seeker's LinkedIn Summary says "I'm an experienced problem-solver and leader," we can't tell what kinds of jobs the job-seeker is qualified for.

A recruiter or hiring manager will leave that job-seeker's profile page right away and look for someone else to fill a job.

You have to brand yourself for the specific jobs you want, not every job you might remotely be qualified for.

In your LinkedIn headline (examples: Digital Marketing Specialist; Office Manager with HR and Payroll Experience; CPA Specializing in Start-Up Tech Firms) you need to make it clear what kind of job you want.

Your headline establishes the frame -- then your LinkedIn Summary fills in the details!

If you don't know what kind of job you want, hiring managers and recruiters cannot help you figure it out! They don't have time, and frankly it's not their job to give you career counseling.

You may be qualified for dozens or scores of jobs, but you will not look like an attractive candidate for any of those opportunities until you make the decision "What kind of job do I want?"

Pick a set of job titles to focus on in your job hunt and brand yourself for those jobs -- not every job.
Announcing Their 'Eligible' Status
If you aren't working right now, you can add the words "Seeking New Challenge" or the acronym "ISO" (In Search Of) to your LinkedIn headline. That will tell recruiters and hiring managers you're on the market.

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Ten Things Every Job-Seeker Should Be Doing On LinkedIn

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LinkedIn is a job-seeker's best friend - but only if a job-seeker uses LinkedIn's features to their advantage! I hear from battalions of job-seekers who are under the mistaken impression that simply creating a LinkedIn profile will get them a great job. That's false! LinkedIn is like a Swiss army knife.

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Networking is more important than ever. Only 15% of jobs available are ever advertised, this means that the other 85% of jobs can only be found through networking and LinkedIn has become essential to any Networker's Tool-Kit. Here are some stats to back it up:

1. LinkedIn has over 500 million members in 200 countries

2. 94% of recruiters use LinkedIn to vet candidates

3. 93% of hiring managers will look at a candidate's social media profile before an interview

4. Open jobs on linked = 6.5M+ Worldwide, Canada = 90K+, USA = 3.3M+

Create a compelling and professional LinkedIn profile by following these steps:

Step 1: Upload a professional photo

Step 2: Add your Industry and Location

Step 3: Customize your LinkedIn URL

Step 4: Write a summary

Step 5: Describe your experience

Step 6: Add 5 Skills or more

Step 7: List your education

Step 8: Connect with 50+ contacts

Step 9: Turn ON "Let recruiters know you're open"

Below I describe each step in detail, outlining the strategy, logic as well as answering some of the most common questions I get asked in live workshops.

Step 1: Upload a professional photograph

A photo increases profile views 14X. Beyond views though, your photo is your first impression. As they say: a good picture is worth 1000 words. Don't be tempted to save money here and DIY unless you have advanced lighting skills. Most people think the issue is having a good enough camera, however, your cell phone likely can take a sharp 4K image, so that's not the issue. The one thing that separates a good portrait photo from a mediocre one is good lighting. Also, keep in mind your audience and the brand you are conveying. Because of the range of clients that I work with I prioritized "being approachable" for mine and went out of the studio with the photographer I hired. I have many elements that communicate competence and trust throughout the rest of my profile. However, if for example I was an investment banker, then I would use a studio photograph and wear a 3-piece suit and tie.

Step 2: Add your Location and Industry

It is important to specify your industry and location as these are two of the most important filters recruiters use. Click here to open up the "Edit Intro" window

Now select your industry and type in your location. As per below.

Location is one of the top 5 fields that LinkedIn prioritizes when doing a key-word search. In case you are curious the 5 fields are: Name, Headline, Location, Summary and Experience.

Step 3: Customize your LinkedIn URL

If you have a LinkedIn account then you have your own unique internet-address called a URL. This address is what browsers use to find you on the internet out of the other 500M LinkedIn members. Your address is unique to you and if you haven't customized it will likely consist of your first and last name followed by numbers, letters, and dashes. Something like:

.../clifford-wessel-G12-34HI567

If you look at my URL you'll notice that I don't have those numbers, letters and dashes. https://ca.linkedin.com/in/cliffordwessel I coach my clients to customize their URL and then display it on their resume, business cards, e-mail signature, etc. To do this click on "Edit your public profile"

In the upper right hand corner, you can edit your URL as per the image below. If your first and last name aren't already being used by another person on LinkedIn, then I would use them. Keep in mind that this is a professional site so stay away from any "facebook-like" customization like .../cliffordwessel4444 instead try to modify your name with a middle initial .../cliffordmwessel or add an educational designation .../cliffordwesselmsc or a professional designation .../cliffordwesselpeng (if I was a Professional Engineer) or a country designation like .../cliffordwesselca for Canada, .../cliffordwesselusa for USA, etc.

Step 4: Write a Summary

Immediately below your picture, name, location, company and school you have the opportunity to write a summary about yourself. This is a great opportunity to communicate your brand, as well as, use several of your key words. As a starting point I recommend to my clients that they cut and paste the profile statement from their resume.

For example on my resume my profile statement is:
An Integral Career Coach with over 15 years' experience supporting professionals, leaders, executives and entrepreneurs in Oil & Gas, IT, Renewable Energy, Medicine, Education, Wellness, Mental Health, Manufacturing, Transportation, Logistics and Construction. Specializing in developing Integral Solutions to address questions like "What's next?" or "What am I going to do when I grow up?" Known for being approachable, creative, fun and effective. Has had the privilege of serving others worldwide across 6 continents.
Then change it from 3rd person (which is the standard for resumes) to 1st person. That is:
a n Integral Career Coach with over 15 years' experience supporting professionals, leaders, executives and entrepreneurs in Oil & Gas, IT, Renewable Energy...
Exception to this might be industries that are particularly formal. In which case I might leave it written in 3rd person. To double-check, do a search using your professional title, in my case I would use "career coach" and then look at 20-40 summaries of other career coaches to determine what style is most common. In general, LinkedIn is a peer-peer networking environment so barring unique industry or cultural norms (specific to the country you do business in) I would recommend you write it in 1st person.

You are able to write up to 2000 characters (including blank spaces) in your Summary section so more creative uses of this space are only limited by our imagination. I have chosen to outline part of the rationale for my business. So far, I have received positive feedback from many people, while a few say it's a bit long... what do you think? Do you like it? Is it too long?

Step 5: Describe your experience

Originally the coaching on completing the Experience section was to write high-level summaries of your current and past roles. This made sense to me until I came across research on "keyword density" which is fancy-speak for the number of times your keywords are repeated in your profile. For example, if the word "accountant" appears 3 times throughout your profile, and 37 times throughout mine then I'm going to score much higher in a search for an accountant. In live workshops, most of my clients seem to dislike this fact as much as I do. It seems cheap and gimmicky. As a job seeker, we want to be found for our skills and abilities, not for something as trivial as repeating keywords. But the reality is that when job seekers apply for advertised work, they often have to pass 3 challenges.

The first challenge is a computer. Computers aren't smart enough to distinguish between the nuances of sentences so instead they just look for keywords and count them. Some clients ask me what a keyword is so before moving on let me explain what I am referring to. A keyword is any word that describes an important skill or experience you possess. The easiest way to figure out which key-words you should use is to first look at your resume and highlight all the main descriptive words. Then use LinkedIn and look at the key-words your colleagues use throughout their profiles, especially in the Skills section (see Step 7 below). The third and final step is to look at 5-10 job ads you are interested in and scan them for keywords. Using the 3 steps above you should easily be able to identify the top 20-40 key-words you should be focusing on.

The second challenge is to be selected by a HR professional or recruiter for an interview. Recruiters can sift through hundreds, sometimes thousands, of potential candidates to find a couple of top contenders so the key is to make your writing interesting and worth their time. They want to get a complete picture of who you are and what you are capable of. To satisfy recruiters, it is important that you cover 3 areas: Context, Actions and Results. Ideally your experience section starts with the context, what does your company do? How big is it? What is the focus of your role? What obstacles did you tackle? Which Objectives did you shoot for? In terms of Actions, detail what you did. If you worked as part of a team it's important that you describe your specific contribution. Most people describe their Experience only with actions which leads to boring reading. The last piece you can add to spice things up is to describe the results you achieved. This can be tricky in some roles and something we can discuss on a 1:1 basis. In essence though, the harder it is to generate descriptions of results for your role the less people will do it and the bigger the competitive advantage to you.

The final challenge is to convince the hiring manager to meet you. Generally speaking hiring-leaders are only presented with a couple of potential top candidates so many of them prefer a fair bit of detail both technical and soft-skills. If you pass all these challenges then you'll be asked to interview.

Step 6: Add 5 skills or more

You can list up to 50 skills on LinkedIn and I strongly recommend you strive to list 40-50. Simply put, the more skills you list the better your chances for coming up as a top match for different roles. The easiest place to start is with your keywords. Many of them should describe critical skills you can perform. It is important to consider all the ways that different companies describe your skills, for example if one company calls one of your skills "sales" and another calls it "business development", then list both. You never know what search terms a recruiter is going to favor so cover all your bases.

To add, delete, move or in general manage your skills section click on the "Add a new skill" link in the top right hand corner of the Skill section as shown by the yellow arrow above. Deleting a skill is as simple as clicking on the blue crayon like symbol to the right of "Add a new skill". You can delete a skill by clicking on the X to the left of it as per the orange arrow below. You can also change the order of your skills by clicking on the 4 horizontal lines as per the yellow arrow below and then moving the skill up or down as desired.

Other people can recommend you for skills you haven't added yet so there might be times you'd like to delete or at least move them around.

When adding a skill I recommend that "whenever possible" you pick skills from the drop down menu that appears once you start to type in the skill you are adding. For example in the picture to the right I start to type in "Engineer" and you can see how a number of job titles with the word "Engineer" appear. This just means that other people have used these titles already to describe their skills or recruiters have conducted searches using these words. You can of course create a brand-new skill. To demonstrate this I created a new-to-LinkedIn skill called "Master of the dad joke" which in part also reflects my penchant for a certain brand of humor.

Step 7: Fill out Education

This step is pretty straightforward. A couple of tips:

1. As you start to write out your school's name look at the drop down menu and click on your university to get the logo besides the name. Logos add visual appeal and credebility. This tip applies equally to your Experience section assuming your current or past company has a company page on LinkedIn.

2. List specializations that help you feature (repeat) your keywords.

Step 8: Add 50+ Professional Connections

LinkedIn will "officially" display your number of connections up to 500+.

Here are some ways to start building your network:

1. Near the top of the page click on "My Network" as per green arrow below.

2. If you have Gmail, Yahoo! Mail or Hotmail email accounts, then you can give LinkedIn permission to sync with your email address book by clicking on the appropriate link shown with the orange arrow below. LinkedIn will look for email addresses of people in your directory who already are on LinkedIn. I suggest going through each one and un-selecting those people you don't want to connect with. The default is to invite everyone. Also, LinkedIn will tell you who in your directory isn't on LinkedIn yet. Invite all those people you think would benefit from also being on LinkedIn. This is how I joined, and many others too - why not pay it forward a little?

3. You can accept invitations from people asking to connect with you, see blue arrow below. When it comes to building your network there are two philosophies, conservative and liberal (and this has nothing to do with political preferences). The conservative philosophy is to keep your network to your most trusted and esteemed colleagues and business associates. As an introvert, this would be my natural preference if it wasn't for my entrepreneurial side which understands the importance of having a big network when it comes to finding the right people. In sales terms, the bigger your funnel the better your results. As a result my criteria for accepting invitations is quite liberal. I don't accept every invitation, however, if there is a chance the person can help me connect to a potential client in the future then I accept it.

4. You can also grow your network by scrolling through the "People you may know" section as a way of jogging your memory and finding people you know as per the yellow arrows below.

Other Social Media sites such as Facebook can also be a good source to help you remember who you know.

Step 9: Turn ON "Let recruiters know you're open"

If you are updating your LinkedIn profile because you are searching for work then you want to let recruiters know you are looking. There are many wrong ways to do this like advertising "Currently seeking new opportunities" in your headline or other places in your profile not intended for this. The best way to do it is here. First click on "Jobs" and then "Career interests"

Now you can click on "Let recruiters know you're open" detail what you are looking for in "note", specify where you are in your search, when you'd like to start, titles you are targeting, geographic locations, type of work, company size, etc.

So this is it! Is this article helpful? If so, please take a moment to share it with those who you think might benefit from it . The next article in this series is LinkedIn 201| Profile Optimization and Branding | April 2018

Comments, questions, insights and/or suggestions are always welcome.

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LinkedIn 101 | From Beginner to All-Star in 9 easy steps! | November 2020

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Networking is more important than ever. Only 15% of jobs available are ever advertised, this means that the other 85% of jobs can only be found through networking and LinkedIn has become essential to any Networker's Tool-Kit.

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Our how to use LinkedIn for beginners guide will walk you through completing your profile and making the most of LinkedIn. So, let's get started!

How to Use LinkedIn for Beginners

1. Perfecting your profile

As part of LinkedIn's new updates, user profiles have been given a makeover and are now much more modern and sleek. Don't worry if your profile doesn't look like this yet, the updates are rolling out so it will do soon!

Name - Use your full name (no nicknames)

Headline - This is the first thing that people will read about you so make it punchy. This should be one line that lets others know your role and industry.

Profile photo - Your profile photo is hugely important! First impressions count and your photo needs to be a professional-looking headshot. Think about your industry and who will be viewing your profile when selecting the perfect picture.

The best profile photos are personable, true to life and use most of the frame. The worst profile photos include pets/friends and have a busy, distracting background.

TOP TIP: Your profile photo should be a minimum of 200 x 200 pixels.

Current position - LinkedIn now only displays your current company in this section of your profile. Ensure that this is always up-to-date.

Location - This will help you to be more visible in searches

Summary - Start by describing your current position, the scope of your responsibility and your achievements. Next, you can talk about your industry experience or education and you may want to describe what you enjoy about your work. If you want others to be able to contact you on LinkedIn, then round off with your contact information.

Background photo - Use a background photo that is relevant to your industry and that will add to the professional look of your profile. The optimal background image size is now 1536 x 768 pixels.

2. Adding your experience

Add your experience to LinkedIn in the same way you would add it to your CV. You have 2000 characters to describe each role so you can really give people an insight into your responsibilities and what you achieved.

Where relevant, add some interesting media or content that will show off your skills. This can be anything from a short video to slides and in-article quotes.

3. Adding your education

Be sure to include information such as the degree you acquired and the schools you attended. This will enable you to connect with alumni and impress onlookers.

If you're looking for an entry-level role, this section of your profile is the most important.

4. Adding skills and endorsements

Add skills to your profile that reflect your role, experience and industry. This will encourage others to endorse you for these skills.

TOP TIP: If you endorse your connections for the skills you know they have, they are more likely to return the favour.

5. Joining groups

Join groups that are relevant to your industry. Being a member of key groups will enable you to maximise LinkedIn's networking potential. They will also help you to be on the ball with industry news and updates.

Did you know? Your profile is 5 times more likely to be viewed if you join and are active in groups.

6. Building connections

When getting started on LinkedIn you should aim to make at least 300 connections. Importing your email contacts is a quick way to get started with this.

Once you have connected with a few people, LinkedIn will highlight 'People you may know' on your 'My Network' page.

7. Getting recommendations

Recommendations are written by other LinkedIn members and can be viewed on your profile. They are a great way to add credibility to your experience and carry more weight than skills endorsements. Ask your current and past colleagues or employer to write you a recommendation on LinkedIn. Acquiring two endorsements for each position is a good number to aim for.

8. Your activity

With LinkedIn's latest updates, your recent activity is now visible on your profile. If you have published a post, shared an article, or liked someone else's post this will show on your profile.

If you want to make the most of LinkedIn, do interact with your connections and join relevant groups. Liking and sharing content from your news feed alongside your own updates will increase your visibility and look good when someone visits your profile.
Did you know?
The best times to post on LinkedIn are Tuesday and Thursdays, between 7 am and 9 am.

Why you need a complete profile

Users with complete LinkedIn profiles are 40 times more likely to receive opportunities through LinkedIn. Make the most of what LinkedIn can offer you by following this beginner's guide.
LinkedIn isn't the only place that employers can find you!
Did you find our how to use LinkedIn for beginners guide helpful? Do you have any questions or tips to add? Leave us a comment below!

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How to Use LinkedIn for Beginners: 2017 Guide

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Our how to use LinkedIn for beginners guide will walk you through completing your profile and making the most of LinkedIn. So, let's get started! As part of LinkedIn's new updates, user profiles have been given a makeover and are now much more modern and sleek.

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In April, LinkedIn announced it had reached 500 million members, making it one of the most popular social networks for professionals and one of the top social networks overall. But are you using LinkedIn to its fullest potential?

With new social networks sprouting up constantly, LinkedIn is a platform that often gets underutilized or put on the back burner. But the truth is, LinkedIn can be extremely powerful -- especially when you're aware of all the platform's hidden features that don't get nearly as much attention as they deserve.

So to help you learn how to use LinkedIn effectively, this post is chock full of LinkedIn tips you may be overlooking ... but definitely shouldn't.

What Is LinkedIn?

About LinkedIn

Before we dive in, here's a quick little primer on LinkedIn for those of you who may be new to the social network. LinkedIn launched in 2003 and is currently the fourth most popular social network among U.S. adults. The social network is primarily centered around careers, and it enables users to connect and share content with other professionals, including colleagues as well as potential employers, business partners, and new employees. If you're a business on LinkedIn, it can also be a fantastic marketing tool.

Now, are you ready for a treasure trove of LinkedIn tips? Let's get our hands dirty.

29 Top LinkedIn Tips

1) Customize your public profile URL.

Make your personal profile look more professional (and much easier to share) by customizing your LinkedIn public profile URL. Instead of a URL with a million confusing numbers at the end, it will look nice and clean like this: http://www.linkedin.com/in/amandazantalwiener. For detailed instructions on customizing your URL, click here.

2) Add a LinkedIn background photo to your personal profile.

In June 2014, LinkedIn finally jumped on the cover photo bandwagon and starting rolling out the ability for users to add a background photo to their personal profiles. Give your LinkedIn profile a little bit more personality by adding a background photo of your own. Just keep in mind LinkedIn is a professional social network, so choose your photo accordingly.

LinkedIn recommends a background photo size of 1584 x 396 pixels, and that it must be a JPG, PNG, or GIF file under 8MB.

Check out how Sam Mallikarjunan, Executive Strategist at HubSpot, uses his background photo:

3) Add a ProFinder Badge to your profile.

Over the years, LinkedIn has made some changes to the types of Badges it offers. But depending on what you're trying to accomplish, you might want to consider adding a ProFinder Badge, which is used to identify freelancers within LinkedIn's ProFinder -- a service that matches contractors with project managers seeking help. Freelancers can display a ProFinder badge on their profiles to show prospective clients their skills, expertise, and recommendations.

4) Take advantage of the blog/website links on your LinkedIn profile.

Instead of using the default anchor text links in the Websites list within your LinkedIn profile's Contact Info section, you can now add links to your portfolio and social networks, to name a few. Plus, you can also add links to your work under each job description -- so if you want to increase clicks, make sure you populate those areas with the online presence to which you want to draw the most attention.

Even cooler: If you produced multimedia for a given job or assignment, you can now upload those files. For example, if you've produced podcasts and want to feature that work, you can add links to something like SoundCloud tracks.

5) Search engine optimize your LinkedIn profile.

SEO isn't limited to blogging -- it turns out, you can also optimize your profile to get discovered by people searching LinkedIn for key terms you want to get found for. You can add these keywords to various sections of your profile, such as your headline, your summary, or your work experience.

6) Add, remove, and rearrange entire sections of your profile.

LinkedIn also enables you to reorder entire sections of your profile in any way you prefer. When in edit mode, simply hover your mouse over the double-sided arrow in each section. Your mouse will turn into a four-arrowed icon, at which point you can click, then drag and drop to another position on your profile.

Find a full list of sections to add to and remove from your profile here.

7) Take advantage of Saved Searches.

LinkedIn allows users to save up to ten job searches and three people searches. After conducting a search, clicking the Save search option at the top right allows you to save a search and easily run it again later. You can also choose to receive weekly or monthly reminders (+ daily for job searches) via email once new members in the network or jobs match your saved search criteria.

8) Find a job through via LinkedIn's job postings.

Now that you've optimized your LinkedIn profile, use it -- and LinkedIn Jobs -- to help you land a fabulous new position. Using its Advanced search feature, LinkedIn allows you to search for jobs by keyword, title, industry, location, company, function, experience level, and more. Also, based on your application history and saved searches, LinkedIn can send suggestions of jobs you might be interested in, relating to location, company size, and industry.

9) Get endorsed for your skills.

Back in 2012, LinkedIn launched a feature called Endorsements, which enables users to endorse their connections for skills they've listed in the Skills section of their profile -- or recommend ones they haven't yet listed. These endorsements then show up on your profile within that same Skills section, as you can see in the screenshot below.

Okay, so you can't guarantee your connections will endorse you for those skills, but because it's so easy for your LinkedIn contacts to do (all they have to do is click on the + sign next to a particular skill on your profile), you'll find that many of them will do it anyway. Also, when people visit the site, LinkedIn will often prompt them to endorse their connections passively. Just make sure your profile is complete and you've spent the time to list the skills you want your contacts to endorse you for -- it will definitely give your profile a bit of a credibility boost.

You can also remove endorsements if you find people are endorsing you for skills that don't accurately describe your strengths,

10) Use Open Profile to send messages to people you're not connected to.

With the exception of your fellow group members (more on this later), LinkedIn only allows you to send messages to people who you share a first-degree connection with. But did you know some people let you send them messages anyway, even if you're not connected? The ability to be part of the Open Profile network is only available to premium account holders, but it allows those users to be available for messaging by any other LinkedIn member (regardless of their LinkedIn membership level) if they choose to be.

There are other options for sending messages to those with whom you're not yet connected, like sending a request to connect with a note -- though we don't recommend overdoing this one. Or, if you have a premium account, you can use InMail.

11) Check your Network Updates (or share your own).

Found on your LinkedIn homepage, Network Updates are essentially LinkedIn's version of the Facebook News Feed. Check this feed periodically for a quick snapshot of what your connections are up to and sharing, or share updates of your own, such as noteworthy content related to your industry/career, content you've created yourself, etc. You can also sign up for email notifications, and sort by Top Updates or Recent Updates to filter your feed in one way or the other.

12) Be identifiable.

Allow others to see who you are if you view their profile. To enable this, visit your Settings (click your thumbnail image in the top right and click Privacy & Settings) and click "Profile viewing options" under "Privacy."Make sure you check off the Your name and headline (Recommended) option, as it will allow you to take advantage of the next feature on our list.

13) Check out who's viewed your LinkedIn profile.

How? With the Who's Viewed Your Profile feature, of course. This tool, which is accessible in the main navigation via the Profile dropdown, enables you to identify which other LinkedIn users have visited your profile page (so yeah, exactly what it sounds like). In fact, LinkedIn gave this coveted creeper feature a facelift in February 2014, so the information it provides is even better than ever. You can also see how you stack up against the profile views for your connections, people in your company, and other professionals like you.

Has someone been checking out your profile that you might want to connect with? This might be the "in" you've been waiting for to connect. (Remember, if you don't make yourself identifiable via the above, you won't have access to this feature. It's a two-way street!)

14) Export connections.

Want to transfer your LinkedIn connections to another contact management system? Luckily, LinkedIn enables you to export your connections. Go to your account settings, and under "Basics," click "Getting an archive of your data." That will allow you to download a file that includes data on your LinkedIn account, including your connections.

15) Easily find new connections -- or connect with old ones!

Speaking of connections, the Connections tab in the top navigation offers a variety of other tools to grow and connect with contacts in your professional network. When viewing your connections, click the right-hand side display that says, "Manage your synced and imported contacts" From there, you'll be able to sync your email contacts to see who's on LinkedIn, and who you can invite to join.

16) Leverage the perks of LinkedIn Groups.

Did you know that if you're a member of the same group as another user, you can bypass the need to be a first-degree connection in order to message them? As long as you've been a member of LinkedIn for at least 30 days and a member of the particular group for at least 4 days, LinkedIn allows you to send up to 15 free 1:1 messages to fellow group members per month (across all groups you belong to).

In addition, group members are also able to view the profiles of other members of the same group without being connected. Join more groups to enable more messaging and profile viewership capabilities -- and be sure to participate in the discussions.

17) Share your LinkedIn status updates on Twitter.

Ever since the big LinkedIn/Twitter breakup of 2012, you can no longer automatically sync your tweets to publish on LinkedIn. But don't fret -- as long as you add your Twitter account to LinkedIn, the opposite is still possible. So if you're ever posting an update to LinkedIn that you'd also like your Twitter followers to see, you can easily syndicate that update to Twitter by selecting the Public + Twitter option in thedropdown menu within the LinkedIn update composer.

18) Leverage @mentions in your status updates.

In 2013, LinkedIn rolled out the ability to tag or @mention other users and companies in status updates -- much like the way it works on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Want another LinkedIn user or company to see your status update? Include the @ symbol immediately followed by the user's/company's name in your status update. As a result, that user/company will get alerted that you mentioned them, and their name will also link to their profile/page in the status update itself.

19) Optimize your LinkedIn Company Page.

The design of LinkedIn Company Pages has changed a lot over the years. Make sure yours is set up correctly and optimized for the latest layout, featuring a compelling and high-quality banner image. We've published an entire free guide about how to optimize your page for the latest design. Here's how HubSpot's Company Page currently looks:

20) Create targeted LinkedIn Showcase Pages.

LinkedIn Showcase Pages are niche pages that branch off your main Company Page. Think of them as extensions of your main Company Page that allow you to promote specific products or cater to your individual marketing personas, providing a more personalized experience for your Company Page visitors.

LinkedIn users can also follow specific Showcase Pages without having to follow a company's main page or its other Showcase Pages, allowing your business to tailor the page closely to the audience specific to the page.

To create a Showcase Page, go to your Company Page and click "Manage page." Then, at the top, click "Admin Tools," and select "Create a Showcase Page." Find more information about Showcase Pages here.

21) Post Company Status Updates (and target them!).

Make the most of your LinkedIn Company Page by publishing Company Status Updates for all your page followers to see. This will give LinkedIn users even more reason to follow your Company Page, growing your LinkedIn reach. For a high-level guide to these updates, click here.

Been using Company Status Updates for a while? Why not step it up a notch and leverage the power of segmentation with LinkedIn's targeting options, which enable you to target your status updates to specific users? Company Page administrators can target their updates using criteria like company size, industry, job function, seniority, geography, language, or by including/excluding company employees. These targeted updates will appear on the Company/Showcase Page itself for those users as well as in the users' Network Updates feed on their LinkedIn homepage.

22) Check out LinkedIn's Content Marketing Score & Trending Content resources.

If you're a LinkedIn Business Solutions customer, you can learn how impactful your organic and paid LinkedIn content is with the Content Marketing Score and Trending Content resources. Your Content Marketing Score measures user engagement with your Sponsored Updates, Company Pages, LinkedIn Groups, employee updates, and Influencer posts (when applicable). It then provides recommendations for how you can improve your score, and thus the effectiveness of your LinkedIn content.

23) Experiment with LinkedIn Ads and Sponsored Updates.

If you're looking to complement your organic LinkedIn marketing efforts with some paid advertising, LinkedIn Ads are a smart choice. One of the biggest benefits of LinkedIn advertising: the targeting options. LinkedIn's PPC ads let you target specific job titles, job functions, industries, or company size, to name a few -- you know, the people who are more likely to want/need what you sell.

If you want to get started with LinkedIn's advertising platform, check out our free guide to advertising on LinkedIn here.

24) Create your own industry LinkedIn Group, and join other relevant groups.

Consider creating a LinkedIn Group of your very own, like HubSpot did with our popular Inbound Marketers Group. Create a group based on a relevant industry-related topic, and become a LinkedIn Group administrator. You can then use this group to establish yourself as a thought leader in your industry, grow a community of advocates, generate new marketing content ideas, and even generate new leads -- more on that next. You should also consider joining (and getting executives from your business to join) other relevant groups and participating in discussions to exhibit thought leadership in your industry.

25) Email your LinkedIn Group.

One of the perks of managing a LinkedIn Group is the fact that you can email all the members of your group -- up to once per week. These emails take the form of LinkedIn Announcements, which are messages sent directly to the email inboxes of group members (if they've enabled messages from groups in their settings). It's a prime opportunity for generating leads from LinkedIn, particularly if you've built up a robust group of users.

26) Experiment with publishing content on LinkedIn's publishing platform.

Good news! You no longer have to be a LinkedIn Influencer to publish new articles to LinkedIn. Publishing is available to all users, ever since a February 2014 feature announcement. Experiment with how this feature can support your marketing goals by creating content for the platform and promoting it via your Company Page. For example, you could experiment with syndicating content from your business blog to LinkedIn Pulse and using it to promote subscription to your full blog.

To publish an article, click "Write an article" on the update box on your LinkedIn homepage. From there, you'll be taken to the publishing platform, where you can compose your draft.

27) Recruit new talent via LinkedIn Jobs.

Looking to fill a position or two on your marketing team -- or another department within your company, for that matter? Then be sure to build out the Jobs section of your Company Page, which you can use to promote your available job openings.

The look and feel of your Jobs page depend on what information and images you choose to include, such as a list of jobs, people at your company, a summary section for your careers, what employees are saying about working at your company, and recent updates. Furthermore, if you're actively recruiting candidates with specific skills and expertise, this goes both ways -- you can use LinkedIn's various search criteria to find the best fit.

Here's another look at HubSpot's Company Page -- notice how the job listings are prominently displayed on the right.

28) Add the Company Follow and LinkedIn share buttons to your website/content.

Promote your company's LinkedIn presence and help grow the reach of your Company Page by adding the Company Follow button to your website. Also consider adding the LinkedIn Share button to your various content assets like blog posts, emails, and landing pages to extend the reach of your content to LinkedIn users.

29) Analyze your LinkedIn marketing performance with the Analytics tab on your Company Page.

So ... how are your LinkedIn marketing efforts faring? Use your Company Page Analytics to evaluate the performance of your Company Page. This feature offers data about the effectiveness of your page's status updates, engagement, and reach, as well as information about your page's followers -- demographics, where they came from, how your following has grown over time, how your data compares to other companies.

Linking Up

Ready to get started? Great. With so many changes and features added to LinkedIn since its very first launch, we can't wait to see how the network continues to make itself indisposable to job seekers, marketers, and other professionals.

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29 LinkedIn Tips for Professional Networking, Business & Marketing

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In April, LinkedIn announced it had reached 500 million members, making it one of the most popular social networks for professionals and one of the top social networks overall. But are you using LinkedIn to its fullest potential? With new social networks sprouting up constantly, LinkedIn is a platform that often gets underutilized or put on the back burner.

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Use copy and paste from your CV into LinkedIn. Don't forget that you can add much more info in LinkedIn, to offer more keywords

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Having a LinkedIn profile is no longer enough, especially if no one is seeing it. Or worse, people are seeing your profile but it does a poor job of representing you and what you do.

Your LinkedIn profile is an essential part of your personal brand and having a great one is a MUST if you plan to do any form of LinkedIn marketing.

According to LinkedIn, your profile may already show up with All-Star status. Sadly, that means nothing at all. It could simple mean you've added the various sections into your profile, perhaps with little to nothing in those sections, yet it still shows all-star status giving you a false sense of your professional presence.

To me an all-star profile means that you...

Are easily found when someone searches for what you do and

Your profile intrigues people, makes them want to connect and learn more about you

In this article, I am going to show you exactly how to have true all-star status with a comprehensive step-by-step LinkedIn profile infographic so you can visually make sense of what it takes to truly have an all-star profile.

In following the steps laid out in this article and infographic, you will be able to create a professional, search-optimized LinkedIn profile, while also turning your profile into a lead generation magnet.

In fact, doing this is so vital that I recommend that you don't start actively using LinkedIn as a lead generation tool until you have done this.

Google Search Results

What is the first thing a prospective client will do when they want to know more about you?

They will Google your name.

Did you know that your LinkedIn profile will show up very high in the search results (often in the top spot) and usually before your website?

Personal branding has become a hot topic and at the end of the day your personal brand is what shows up on Google and on your social media sites.

Remember, LinkedIn is not Twitter or Facebook and the impression you give must be a professional one. It must speak to what you do and your credibility.

LinkedIn Marketing: Attract Your Ideal Clients with Your LinkedIn Profile

When re-writing your LinkedIn profile, it's essential that you know who your ideal clients are so that you can create a client-focused profile.

A big misconception people have when writing their LinkedIn profile is that it should be all about them, like a resume or professional CV. When in fact, your profile should speak directly to your ideal clients. People are much more interested in what you can do for them, than they are about you. Remember they are thinking: WIIFM (what's in it for me).

Make sure that within your profile you identify exactly who your ideal clients are, as well as the specific problems/challenges they face and how you can solve them.

Choosing Keywords for Your LinkedIn Profile

If you want to get found on LinkedIn when people searching for what you offer (rather than searching for you in particular), then you need to think about the keywords they may use in their search on LinkedIn.

On LinkedIn people tend to look for people, rather than things or information like they would on Google. For example, on Google someone may search for "How to write a great LinkedIn profile" or "LinkedIn marketing ideas" whereas on LinkedIn they may search for a " LinkedIn expert" or "LinkedIn profile writer" or "LinkedIn marketing consultant".

So, when you are adding keywords throughout your profile think specifically about the words and keyword phrases your ideal clients would be using on LinkedIn vs on Google.

How to Create an All-Star LinkedIn Profile [Infographic]

Feel free to share this LinkedIn profile infographic anywhere on the web as long as you reference the source and hyperlink it back to this blog post.

Below this infographic you will find more specific details on how to write a great LinkedIn profile. Be sure to read to the end if you are committed to build a powerful personal brand and LinkedIn presence.

This infographic was made with the graphic design software Venngage.

Now that you've gone through this complete LinkedIn marketing infographic, let me expand on some of the most important sections within your profile to ensure you understand exactly what is needed to have a professional presence that attracts your target audience.

Your LinkedIn Headline

Your headline is the MOST important part of your LinkedIn profile. You have 120 characters to make your ideal prospects and clients want to learn more about you.

Using one or two keywords, create a headline that will generate interest and encourage your connections to want to click on your profile to learn more about you.

It is not enough to show up in the search results as many other profiles will be also be listed.

You must also stand out and capture the attention of your ideal clients. This would include having a compelling statement to capture your readers' attention and intrigue them enough to want to click on your profile and learn more about you.

Profile Photo

The first and most important thing you need to remember is that first impressions are everything, especially online. Personal branding starts with a professional headshot, you have only seconds to make a positive impression.

You need to ensure that your profile image will convey the impression that you want to make.

Here are some pointers for a better profile image:

Look straight ahead at the camera

Smile, show some teeth

Have a clean, plain background

Dress appropriately for your profession and audience

Your picture should include only you

How to Write a Great LinkedIn Summary Section

Like your headline, you want the first two sentences of your Summary section to catch attention and make your ideal clients curious to learn more about you and click See more to read your entire summary section.

Keep these key concepts in mind while writing your summary section:

client-focused - make sure you speak directly to your target audience and their specific problems

write in first person, always write as if you are speaking directly to one person - because you are

add keywords you want to be found for

include rich media such as videos, PDF's or SlideShare presentations

Here is my three-part formula that I use when writing a compelling and client-focused summary section for one of my clients.

1. Credibility section

2. Ideal clients-Problem-Solution

3. Call to action

In the first couple paragraphs share a little bit about: who you are, your story, why you do what you do, and your background. This is also an important place to also highlight your credibility.

Next, identify your ideal clients. Be specific about the types of clients you work with and then speak directly to them and their problems/challenges as well as the solutions you offer.

Finally, have a clear call to action-tell your viewers (leads, prospects) exactly what you want them to do next. Do you want them to call you or perhaps email you? Tell them exactly what they should do next.

Your Current Experience

An effective formula I've developed for writing your current work experience is similar to that of your summary, with a few key differences.

1. Credibility section

2. List your service/products

3. List of the type of clients you work with/help

4. Call to action

First, begin with a couple paragraphs that highlight your company and anything that positions showcases your businesses credibility in your industry.

Share the most compelling information about your company here. You can also provide information that highlights the benefits clients receive in working with you.

Next list all of the services you provide. This is another good spot for keyword optimization.

If you have well-known clients or brands you've worked with include a list of them, otherwise list the types of clients you work with.

For example, I might say, " I work with companies that want their employees to be seen as "Trusted Advisors" such as accounting firms, financial services companies (i.e. banks, insurance, financial advisors, leasing companies, mortgage companies), legal firms, media and advertising companies, B2B sales, event planning companies and SaaS companies."

Lastly, in your current work experience description, include a call to action.

Past Experience

Your LinkedIn profile should include at least a few of your past positions, to give it a more complete look.

Your past experience section does not require detailed descriptions however to make your profile look complete and professional include at least one paragraph describing what you did and any accomplishments during that time.

Other Key LinkedIn Profile Sections to Complete

There are a number of other vital areas in your LinkedIn profile that you should update in order to ensure that your profile:

looks professional and complete

is keyword optimized

further establishes your credibility and authority

helps your ideal clients to know, like and trust you

Skills & Endorsements

While the Skills section does not have the same weight and credibility as the Recommendations section, it will increase your level of social proof and improve your search ranking.

Did you know that members that have listed their Skills on their profile receive up to 17 times more profiles views than those who don't? In addition, it certainly enhances your social proof when you receive a number of endorsements for your skills.

Recommendations

Recommendations are a vital part of establishing trust and building your authority and credibility on your profile. This is the most important form of social proof on LinkedIn.

Don't be afraid to ask for recommendations from people you have worked with and can speak to your expertise and results. Be sure to personalize your request and provide ideas of what you would like them to write about.

Education

Include all of your post-secondary education within the Education section to have a fully completed profile. If you did not attend college or university then it is fine to skip this section.

Accomplishments

While there are a number of different sections located under Accomplishments, these three can be very helpful in establishing further credibility.

Publications is an excellent section to showcase your authority on your topic.
1. Publications
In this section, include content or resources you have created which are of value to your ideal clients. These could include books, eBooks, reports, whitepapers, checklists or articles you have written.

In this section include any certifications that you have obtained that are not relevant under the education section.
2. Certifications
Adding any honors and awards you and your business have received is an excellent way to establish your authority and credibility.
3. Honor & Awards
Start LinkedIn Marketing & Lead Generation with a Great LinkedIn Profile

I hope you enjoyed this LinkedIn profile infographic and that it will be helpful to you in creating a complete and professional LinkedIn profile. Having a great profile is essential for your success with LinkedIn marketing (especially if you are using it for lead generation) and it will improve your overall personal brand and make a great online impression.

Whether you are a student, job seeker, business owner, sales person, professional or executive, LinkedIn is one of the first places people will go to learn more about you. Take control of your personal brand and enhance your credibility by using the tips shared in this LinkedIn profile infographic to create a professional presence.

Looking for a LinkedIn profile writer to make sure you have a profile that stands out and gets attention? We specialize in writing client focused, professional, rock-star LinkedIn profiles. Send us a message here.

Found this LinkedIn profile infographic helpful? Please share this via social media to help others with their LinkedIn marketing efforts. Thank you.

Got questions? Post below.

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choosing keywords for your linkedin profile

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how to create the perfect linkedin profile

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how to write a great linkedin summary section

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LinkedIn Profile: How to Create an All-Star Profile [INFOGRAPHIC]

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Having a LinkedIn profile is no longer enough, especially if no one is seeing it. Or worse, people are seeing your profile but it does a poor job of representing you and what you do. Your LinkedIn profile is an essential part of your personal brand and having a great one is a MUST if you plan to do any form of LinkedIn marketing.

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Having a glowing recommendation from many connections on your LinkedIn profile is a great goal, but there are a few crucial guidelines to bear in mind before you hit the road. I'm often asked for recommendations by people I barely know on LinkedIn. I'm really quite uncomfortable giving a character reference for someone I don't really know, as I am sure most are. This is a complete waste of time in my opinion, and in many ways discredits the person requesting this. Rather than spending time doing things that won't result in any positive results, and often create a negative image for yourself, I have 4 Rules on how to improve your success with getting recommendations on LinkedIn. Review the list of rules I've put together and take them seriously before sending out that next request.

Rule #1. Don't Ask For LinkedIn Recommendations From People You Don't Know!

If this seems like a no-brainer to you, then you are already on the right track. Although some people might be willing to exchange recommendations with you, despite not knowing each other, this is a big risk to your credibility. Not only should your kudos be reserved for those who have earned them, hyping up someone who turns out to be let-down will only tarnish your credibility on LinkedIn (and in the real world).

Rule #2. Change Your Subject Line

Receiving LinkedIn's default "Can you endorse me?" is certainly direct and to the point but it seems like a tactless approach, often not even getting opened by the receiver. I believe in always offering something in return when I'm asking for a recommendation. You can change a few simple words and your endorsements will go through the roof. How about something like this:
"Can we endorse each other?"
Simple, yet incredibly effective. Now we help each other rather than you just helping me. For those of you in sales, you know this is the mentality that makes you truly successful when working with your clients. As in all business relationships (personal ones too of course), things work so much better when your focus is on creating WIN-WIN situations and relationships.

Rule #3. Personalize Your Message

As with everything you do on social networks, make sure you always personalize your message to so people don't feel like you're giving them the cookie-cutter treatment. If you want that glowing recommendation then consider putting some effort and a personal touch to your message so they know there is a real human on the other end. Something like this:
"I was wondering if you would help me, I'm trying to grow my LinkedIn presence and was hoping you'd be willing to give me a recommendation. I'd be happy to return the favor and provide one to you also."
Rule #4. Make It Easy When Asking Your LinkedIn Network For Recommendations

In your LinkedIn marketing strategy, leverage your network and ask for recommendations. When you do this, DO NOT use LinkedIn's standard message, even if you know this person well. Take heed of Rule #3 and always personalize your message. To have a much greater chance of getting a recommendation, make it as easy as possible for the person you are asking. I encourage you to add your own variation of the following text to your message:
"To save you time, I am providing you with a Sample Recommendation, feel free to edit this and make it your own. I'd love to return the favor so please provide me with a sample recommendation for you. Thank you in advance for helping me out with this, I really appreciate it."
How many of you think you will have a lot more success using this approach rather than LinkedIn's standard message? Please share your comments on the success and/or struggles you've had requesting LinkedIn Recommendations.

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4 Rules To Successfully Get LinkedIn Recommendations

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Having a glowing recommendation from many connections on your LinkedIn profile is a great goal, but there are a few crucial guidelines to bear in mind before you hit the road. I'm often asked for recommendations by people I barely know on LinkedIn.

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LinkedIn () is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps. It was launched on May 5, 2003. It is now owned by Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015 most of the company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. Since December 2016, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft. As of March 2023, LinkedIn has more than 900 million registered members from over 200 countries and territories.

LinkedIn allows members (both workers and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become a connection. LinkedIn can also be used to organize offline events, join groups, write articles, publish job postings, post photos and videos, and more.

Founded in Mountain View, California, LinkedIn is currently headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with 33 global offices. In December 2022, the company had around 21,000 employees.

LinkedIn's current CEO is Ryan Roslansky. Jeff Weiner, previously CEO of LinkedIn, is now served the Executive Chairman. Reid Hoffman, founder of LinkedIn, is chairman of the board. It was funded by Sequoia Capital, Greylock, Bain Capital Ventures, Bessemer Venture Partners and the European Founders Fund. LinkedIn reached profitability in March 2006. Since January 2011 the company had received a total of $103 million of investment.

According to a 2016 The New York Times article, US high school students were creating LinkedIn profiles to include with their college applications. Based in the United States, the site is, as of 2013, available in 24 languages. LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011 and traded its first shares in May, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD".

Former LinkedIn headquarters on Stierlin Court in Mountain View, California

The company was founded in December 2002 by Reid Hoffman and the founding team members from PayPal and Socialnet.com (Allen Blue, Eric Ly, Jean-Luc Vaillant, Lee Hower, Konstantin Guericke, Stephen Beitzel, David Eves, Ian McNish, Yan Pujante, Chris Saccheri). In late 2003, Sequoia Capital led the Series A investment in the company. In August 2004, LinkedIn reached 1 million users. In March 2006, LinkedIn achieved its first month of profitability. In April 2007, LinkedIn reached 10 million users. In February 2008, LinkedIn launched a mobile version of the site.

In June 2008, Sequoia Capital, Greylock Partners, and other venture capital firms purchased a 5% stake in the company for $53 million, giving the company a post-money valuation of approximately $1 billion. In November 2009, LinkedIn opened its office in Mumbai and soon thereafter in Sydney, as it started its Asia-Pacific team expansion. In 2010, LinkedIn opened an International Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, received a $20 million investment from Tiger Global Management LLC at a valuation of approximately $2 billion, announced its first acquisition, Mspoke, and improved its 1% premium subscription ratio. In October of that year, Silicon Valley Insider ranked the company No. 10 on its Top 100 List of most valuable startups. By December, the company was valued at $1.575 billion in private markets. LinkedIn started its India operations in 2009 and a major part of the first year was dedicated to understanding professionals in India and educating members to leverage LinkedIn for career development.

LinkedIn office building at 222 Second Street in San Francisco (opened in March 2016)

LinkedIn office in Toronto inside the Toronto Eaton Centre

LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011. The company traded its first shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD", at $45 per share. Shares of LinkedIn rose as much as 171% on their first day of trade on the New York Stock Exchange and closed at $94.25, more than 109% above IPO price. Shortly after the IPO, the site's underlying infrastructure was revised to allow accelerated revision-release cycles. In 2011 LinkedIn earned $154.6 million in advertising revenue alone, surpassing Twitter, which earned $139.5 million. LinkedIn's fourth- quarter 2011, earnings soared because of the company's increase in success in the social media world. By this point, LinkedIn had about 2,100 full-time employees compared to the 500 that it had in 2010.

In April 2014 LinkedIn announced that it had leased 222 Second Street, a 26-story building under construction in San Francisco's SoMa district, to accommodate up to 2,500 of its employees, with the lease covering 10 years. The goal was to join all San Francisco-based staff (1,250 as of January 2016) in one building, bringing sales and marketing employees together with the research and development team. In March 2016 they started to move in. In February 2016 following an earnings report, LinkedIn's shares dropped 43.6% within a single day, down to $108.38 per share. LinkedIn lost $10 billion of its market capitalization that day.

In 2016 access to LinkedIn was blocked by Russian authorities for non-compliance with the 2015 national legislation that requires social media networks to store citizens' personal data on servers located in Russia.

In June 2016, Microsoft announced that it would acquire LinkedIn for $196 a share, a total value of $26.2 billion, and the second largest acquisition made by Microsoft to date. The acquisition would be an all-cash, debt-financed transaction. Microsoft would allow LinkedIn to "retain its distinct brand, culture and independence", with Weiner to remain as CEO, who would then report to Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella. Analysts believed Microsoft saw the opportunity to integrate LinkedIn with its Office product suite to help better integrate the professional network system with its products. The deal was completed on December 8, 2016.

Following the launch of the new user interface (UI), some users complained about the missing features which were there in the older version, slowness, and bugs in it. The issues were faced by free and premium users and with both the desktop and mobile versions of the site.

In June 2020 Jeff Weiner stepped down as CEO and become executive chairman after 11 years in the role. Ryan Roslansky stepped up as CEO from his previous position as the senior vice president of product. In late July 2020, LinkedIn announced it laid off 960 employees, about 6 percent of the total workforce, from the talent acquisition and global sales teams. In an email to all employees, CEO Ryan Roslansky said the cuts were due to effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2021 CyberNews claimed that 500 million LinkedIn's accounts have leaked online. However, LinkedIn stated that "We have investigated an alleged set of LinkedIn data that has been posted for sale and have determined that it is actually an aggregation of data from a number of websites and companies".

Microsoft ended LinkedIn operations in China in October 2021.

In 2022, LinkedIn earned $13.8 billion in revenue, compared to $10.3 billion in 2021.

In May 2023, LinkedIn cut 716 positions from its 20,000 workforce. The move, according to a letter from the company's CEO Ryan Roslansky, was made to streamline the business's operations. Roslansky further stated that this decision would result in the creation of 250 job opportunities. Additionally, LinkedIn also announced the discontinuance of its China local job apps.

In July 2012 LinkedIn acquired 15 key Digg patents for $4 million including a " click a button to vote up a story" patent.

In 2013 a class action lawsuit entitled Perkins vs. LinkedIn Corp was filed against the company, accusing it of automatically sending invitations to contacts in a member's email address book without permission. The court agreed with LinkedIn that permission had in fact been given for invitations to be sent, but not for the two further reminder emails. LinkedIn settled the lawsuit in 2015 for $13 million. Many members should have received a notice in their email with the subject line "Legal Notice of Settlement of Class Action". The Case No. is 13-CV-04303-LHK.

In May 2017 LinkedIn sent a Cease-And-Desist letter to hiQ Labs, a Silicon Valley startup that collects data from public profiles and provides analysis of this data to its customers. The letter demanded that hiQ immediately cease "scraping" data from LinkedIn's servers, claiming violations of the CFAA (Computer Fraud and Abuse Act) and the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act). In response hiQ sued LinkedIn in the Northern District of California in San Francisco, asking the court to prohibit LinkedIn from blocking its access to public profiles while the court considered the merits of its request. The court served a preliminary injunction against LinkedIn, which was then forced to allow hiQ to continue to collect public data. LinkedIn appealed this ruling; in September 2019, the appeals court rejected LinkedIn's arguments and the preliminary injunction was upheld. The dispute is ongoing.

Social media websites may also use "traditional" marketing approaches, as seen in these LinkedIn-branded chocolates.

As of 2015 LinkedIn had more than 400 million members in over 200 countries and territories. It is significantly ahead of its competitors Viadeo (50 million as of 2013) and XING (11 million as of 2016). In 2011, its membership grew by approximately two new members every second. In 2020 LinkedIn's membership grew to over 690 million LinkedIn members. As of September 2021 LinkedIn has 774+ million registered members from over 200 countries and territories.

LinkedIn homepage

The basic functionality of LinkedIn allows users to create profiles, which for employees typically consist of a curriculum vitae describing their work experience, education and training, skills, and a personal photo. Employers can list jobs and search for potential candidates. Users can find jobs, people and business opportunities recommended by someone in one's contact network. Users can save jobs that they would like to apply for. Users also have the ability to follow different companies.

The site also enables members to make "connections" to each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone to become a connection. Users can obtain introductions to the connections of connections (termed second-degree connections) and connections of second-degree connections (termed third-degree connections).

A member's list of connections can be used in a number of ways. For example, users can search for second-degree connections who work at a company they are interested in, and then ask a specific first-degree connection in common for an introduction. The "gated-access approach" (where contact with any professional requires either an existing relationship, or the intervention of a contact of theirs) is intended to build trust among the service's users. LinkedIn participated in the EU's International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles.

Users can interact with each other in a variety of ways:

Connections can interact by choosing to "like" posts and "congratulate" others on updates such as birthdays, anniversaries and new positions, as well as by direct messaging.

Users can share video with text and filters with the introduction of LinkedIn Video.

Users can write posts and articles within the LinkedIn platform to share with their network.

Since September 2012 LinkedIn has enabled users to "endorse" each other's skills. However, there is no way of flagging anything other than positive content. LinkedIn solicits endorsements using algorithms that generate skills members might have. Members cannot opt out of such solicitations, with the result that it sometimes appears that a member is soliciting an endorsement for a non-existent skill.

LinkedIn 'applications' often refer to external third-party applications that interact with LinkedIn's developer API. However, in some cases, it could refer to sanctioned applications featured on a user's profile page.

External, third party applications

In February 2015 LinkedIn released an updated terms of use for their developer API. The developer API allows both companies and individuals the ability to interact with LinkedIn's data through creation of managed third-party applications. Applications must go through a review process and request permission from the user before accessing a user's data.

Normal use of the API is outlined in LinkedIn's developer documents, including:

Sign into external services using LinkedIn

Add items or attributes to a user profile

Share items or articles to user's timeline

In October 2008, LinkedIn enabled an "applications platform" which allows external online services to be embedded within a member's profile page. Among the initial applications were an Amazon Reading List that allows LinkedIn members to display books they are reading, a connection to Tripit, and a Six Apart, WordPress and TypePad application that allows members to display their latest blog postings within their LinkedIn profile. In November 2010, LinkedIn allowed businesses to list products and services on company profile pages; it also permitted LinkedIn members to "recommend" products and services and write reviews. Shortly after, some of the external services were no longer supported, including Amazon's Reading List.

A mobile version of the site was launched in February 2008 and made available in six languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese and Spanish. In January 2011, LinkedIn acquired CardMunch, a mobile app maker that scans business cards and converts into contacts. In June 2013, CardMunch was noted as an available LinkedIn app. In October 2013, LinkedIn announced a service for iPhone users called "Intro", which inserts a thumbnail of a person's LinkedIn profile in correspondence with that person when reading mail messages in the native iOS Mail program. This is accomplished by re-routing all emails from and to the iPhone through LinkedIn servers, which security firm Bishop Fox asserts has serious privacy implications, violates many organizations' security policies, and resembles a man-in-the-middle attack.

LinkedIn also supports daily the formation of interest groups. In 2012 there were 1,248,019 such groups whose membership varies from 1 to 744,662. Groups support a limited form of discussion area, moderated by the group owners and managers. Groups may be private, accessible to members only or may be open to Internet users in general to read, though they must join in order to post messages. Since groups offer the functionality to reach a wide audience without so easily falling foul of anti-spam solutions, there is a constant stream of spam postings, and there now exists a range of firms who offer a spamming service for this very purpose. LinkedIn has devised a few mechanisms to reduce the volume of spam, but recently took the decision to remove the ability of group owners to inspect the email address of new members in order to determine if they were spammers. Groups also keep their members informed through emails with updates to the group, including most talked about discussions within your professional circles.

In January 2013 LinkedIn dropped support for LinkedIn Answers and cited a new 'focus on development of new and more engaging ways to share and discuss professional topics across LinkedIn' as the reason for the retirement of the feature. The feature had been launched in 2007 and allowed users to post questions to their network and allowed users to rank answers.

In 2014 LinkedIn retired InMaps, a feature which allowed you to visualize your professional network. The feature had been in use since January 2011.

According to the company's website, LinkedIn Referrals will no longer be available after May 2018.

In September 2021 LinkedIn discontinued LinkedIn stories, a feature that was rolled out worldwide in October 2020.

When a user accepts an invitation from another user, they have a first-level connection; the user is indirectly connected to the other user's connections with what LinkedIn terms second-level and third-level connections.

LinkedIn allows professionals to build exposure for their brand within the site itself and on the World Wide Web as a whole. With a tool that LinkedIn dubs a Profile Strength Meter, the site encourages users to offer enough information in their profile to optimize visibility by search engines. It can strengthen a user's LinkedIn presence if they belong to professional groups on the site. The site enables users to add a video to their profiles. Some users hire a professional photographer for their profile photo. Video presentations can be added to one's profile. LinkedIn's capabilities have been expanding so rapidly that a cottage industry of outside consultants has grown up to help users navigate the system. A particular emphasis is helping users with their LinkedIn profiles.

There's no hiding in the long grass on LinkedIn ... The number one mistake people make on the profile is to not have a photo.

In October 2012, LinkedIn launched the LinkedIn Influencers program, which features global thought leaders who share their professional insights with LinkedIn's members. As of May 2016, there are 750+ Influencers. The program is invite-only and features leaders from a range of industries, including Richard Branson, Narendra Modi, Arianna Huffington, Greg McKeown, Rahm Emanuel, Jamie Dimon, Martha Stewart, Deepak Chopra, Jack Welch, and Bill Gates.

Job seekers and employers widely use LinkedIn. According to Jack Meyer, the site has become the "premier digital platform" for professionals to network online. In Australia, which has approximately twelve million working professionals, ten million of them are on LinkedIn, according to Anastasia Santoreneos, suggesting that the probability was high that one's "future employer is probably on the site." According to one estimate based on worldwide figures, 122 million users got job interviews via LinkedIn and 35 million were hired by a LinkedIn online connection.

LinkedIn Top Companies is a series of lists published by LinkedIn, identifying companies in the United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, and the United Kingdom that are attracting the most intense interest from job candidates. The 2019 lists identified Google's parent company, Alphabet, as the most sought-after U.S. company, with Facebook ranked second and Amazon ranked third. The lists are based on more than one billion actions by LinkedIn members worldwide. The Top Companies lists were started in 2016 and are published annually. The 2021 top list identified Amazon as the top company, with Alphabet ranked second and JPMorgan & Chase Co. ranked third.

LinkedIn launched its carousel ads feature in 2018, making it the newest addition to the platform's advertising options. With carousel ads, businesses can showcase their products or services through a series of swipeable cards, each with its unique image, headline, and description. They can be used for various marketing objectives, such as promoting a new product launch, driving website traffic, generating leads, or building brand awareness.

LinkedIn today announced the creation of Business Manager. The new Business Manager is a centralized platform designed to make it easier for large companies and agencies to manage people, ad accounts, and business pages.

In 2015, LinkedIn added an analytics tool to its publishing platform. The tool allows authors to better track the traffic that their posts receive. In relation to this functionality, LinkedIn has gained more users over the years in the interest of clearly monitoring users' posts through post-performance analytics

Inspired by Facebook's " social graph", LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner set a goal in 2012 to create an "economic graph" within a decade. The goal was to create a comprehensive digital map of the world economy and the connections within it. The economic graph was to be built on the company's current platform with data nodes including companies, jobs, skills, volunteer opportunities, educational institutions, and content. They have been hoping to include all the job listings in the world, all the skills required to get those jobs, all the professionals who could fill them, and all the companies (nonprofit and for-profit) at which they work. The ultimate goal is to make the world economy and job market more efficient through increased transparency. In June 2014, the company announced its "Galene" search architecture to give users access to the economic graph's data with more thorough filtering of data, via user searches like "Engineers with Hadoop experience in Brazil."

LinkedIn has been described by online trade publication TechRepublic as having "become the de facto tool for professional networking". LinkedIn has also been praised for its usefulness in fostering business relationships. "LinkedIn is, far and away, the most advantageous social networking tool available to job seekers and business professionals today," according to . LinkedIn has inspired the creation of specialised professional networking opportunities, such as co-founder Eddie Lou's Chicago startup, Shiftgig (released in 2012 as a platform for hourly workers).

The sign-up process includes users entering their email password (there is an opt-out feature). LinkedIn will then offer to send out contact invitations to all members in that address book or that the user has had email conversations with. When the member's email address book is opened, it is opened with all email addresses selected, and the member is advised invitations will be sent to "selected" email addresses, or to all. LinkedIn was sued for sending out another two follow-up invitations to each contact from members to link to friends who had ignored the initial, authorized invitation.

In June 2012 cryptographic hashes of approximately 6.4 million LinkedIn user passwords were stolen by Yevgeniy Nikulin and other hackers who then published the stolen hashes online. This action is known as the 2012 LinkedIn hack. In response to the incident, LinkedIn asked its users to change their passwords. Security experts criticized LinkedIn for not salting their password file and for using a single iteration of SHA-1. On May 31, 2013, LinkedIn added two-factor authentication, an important security enhancement for preventing hackers from gaining access to accounts. In May 2016, 117 million LinkedIn usernames and passwords were offered for sale online for the equivalent of $2,200. These account details are believed to be sourced from the original 2012 LinkedIn hack, in which the number of user IDs stolen had been underestimated. To handle the large volume of emails sent to its users every day with notifications for messages, profile views, important happenings in their network, and other things, LinkedIn uses the Momentum email platform from Message Systems.

Potential 2018 breach, or extended impacts from earlier incidents

In July 2018 Credit Wise reported "dark web" email and password exposures from LinkedIn. Shortly thereafter, users began receiving extortion emails, using that information as "evidence" that users' contacts had been hacked, and threatening to expose pornographic videos featuring the users. LinkedIn asserts that this is related to the 2012 breach; however, there is no evidence that this is the case.

A breach disclosed in April 2021 affected 500 million users. A breach disclosed in June 2021 was thought to have affected 92% of users, exposing contact information, employment information. LinkedIn asserted that the data was aggregated via web scraping from LinkedIn as well as several other sites, and noted that "only information that people listed publicly in their profiles" was included.

In what is known as Operation Socialist, documents released by Edward Snowden in the 2013 global surveillance disclosures revealed that British Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ) (an intelligence and security organisation) infiltrated the Belgian telecommunications network Belgacom by luring employees to a false LinkedIn page.

In 2014 Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit (CTU) discovered that Threat Group-2889, an Iran-based group, created 25 fake LinkedIn accounts. The accounts were either fully developed personas or supporting personas. They use spearphishing and malicious websites against their victims.

According to reporting by , France's General Directorate for Internal Security and Directorate-General for External Security believe that Chinese spies have used LinkedIn to target thousands of business and government officials as potential sources of information.

In 2017 Germany's Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) published information alleging that Chinese intelligence services had created fake social media profiles on sites such as LinkedIn, using them to gather information on German politicians and government officials.

In 2022, the company ranked first in a list of brands most likely to be imitated in phishing attempts.

In August 2023, several Linkedin users were targeted by hackers in hijacking and phishing bid. Users were locked out of their accounts and threatened with permanent account deletion if they did not pay a ransom.

LinkedIn has come under scrutiny for its handling of misinformation and disinformation. The platform has struggled to deal with fake profiles and falsehoods about COVID-19 and the 2020 US presidential election.

The German Stiftung Warentest has criticized that the balance of rights between users and LinkedIn is disproportionate, restricting users' rights excessively while granting the company far-reaching rights. It has also been claimed that LinkedIn does not respond to consumer protection center requests.

In 2010, Social Science Computer Review published research by economists Ralf Caers and Vanessa Castelyns who sent an online questionnaire to 398 and 353 LinkedIn and Facebook users respectively in Belgium and found that both sites had become tools for recruiting job applicants for professional occupations as well as additional information about applicants, and that it was being used by recruiters to decide which applicants would receive interviews. In May 2017, Research Policy published an analysis of PhD holders use of LinkedIn and found that PhD holders who move into industry were more likely to have LinkedIn accounts and to have larger networks of LinkedIn connections, were more likely to use LinkedIn if they had co-authors abroad, and to have wider networks if they moved abroad after obtaining their PhD.

Also in 2017, sociologist Ofer Sharone conducted interviews with unemployed workers to research the effects of LinkedIn and Facebook as labor market intermediaries and found that social networking services (SNS) have had a filtration effect that has little to do with evaluations of merit, and that the SNS filtration effect has exerted new pressures on workers to manage their careers to conform to the logic of the SNS filtration effect. In October 2018, Foster School of Business professors Melissa Rhee, Elina Hwang, and Yong Tan performed an empirical analysis of whether the common professional networking tactic by job seekers of creating LinkedIn connections with professionals who work at a target company or in a target field is actually instrumental in obtaining referrals and found instead that job seekers were less likely to be referred by employees who were employed by the target company or in the target field due to job similarity and self-protection from competition. Rhee, Hwang, and Tan further found that referring employees in higher hierarchical positions than the job candidates were more likely to provide referrals and that gender homophily did not reduce the competition self-protection effect.

In July 2019, sociologists Steve McDonald, Amanda K. Damarin, Jenelle Lawhorne, and Annika Wilcox performed qualitative interviews with 61 human resources recruiters in two metropolitan areas in the Southern United States and found that recruiters filling low- and general-skilled positions typically posted advertisements on online job boards while recruiters filling high-skilled or supervisor positions targeted passive candidates on LinkedIn (i.e. employed workers not actively seeking work but possibly willing to change positions), and concluded that this is resulting in a bifurcated winner-takes-all job market with recruiters focusing their efforts on poaching already employed high-skilled workers while active job seekers are relegated to hyper-competitive online job boards. In December 2001, the ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin published a study on the use of mobile phones by blue-collar workers that noted that research about tools for blue-collar workers to find work in the digital age was strangely absent and expressed concern that the absence of such research could lead to technology design choices that would concentrate greater power in the hands of managers rather than workers.

In a September 2019, working paper, economists Laurel Wheeler, Robert Garlick, and RTI International scholars Eric Johnson, Patrick Shaw, and Marissa Gargano ran a randomized evaluation of training job seekers in South Africa to use LinkedIn as part of job readiness programs. The evaluation found that the training increased the job seekers employment by approximately 10 percent by reducing information frictions between job seekers and prospective employers, that the training had this effect for approximately 12 months, and that while the training may also have facilitated referrals, it did not reduce job search costs and the jobs for the treatment and control groups in the evaluation had equal probabilities of retention, promotion, and obtaining a permanent contract. In 2020, Applied Economics published research by economists Steffen Brenner, Sezen Aksin Sivrikaya, and Joachim Schwalbach using LinkedIn demonstrating that high status individuals self-select into professional networking services rather than workers unsatisfied with their career status adversely selecting into the services to receive networking benefits.

In 2009, Syrian users reported that LinkedIn server stopped accepting connections originating from IP addresses assigned to Syria. The company's customer support stated that services provided by them are subject to US export and re-export control laws and regulations and "As such, and as a matter of corporate policy, we do not allow member accounts or access to our site from Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, or Syria."

In February 2011 it was reported that LinkedIn was being blocked in China after calls for a " Jasmine Revolution". It was speculated to have been blocked because it is an easy way for dissidents to access Twitter, which had been blocked previously. After a day of being blocked, LinkedIn access was restored in China.

In February 2014, LinkedIn launched its Simplified Chinese language version named " 领英" ( pinyin: ; 'leading elite'), officially extending their service in China. LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner acknowledged in a blog post that they would have to censor some of the content that users post on its website in order to comply with Chinese rules, but he also said the benefits of providing its online service to people in China outweighed those concerns. Since Autumn 2017 job postings from western countries for China aren't possible anymore.

In 2016, a Moscow court ruled that LinkedIn must be blocked in Russia for violating a data retention law which requires the user data of Russian citizens to be stored on servers within the country. The relevant law had been in force there since 2014. This ban was upheld on November 10, 2016, and all Russian ISPs began blocking LinkedIn thereafter. LinkedIn's mobile app was also banned from Google Play Store and iOS App Store in Russia in January 2017. In July 2021 it was also blocked in Kazakhstan.

Since 2010 LinkedIn has contributed multiple internal technologies, tools, and software products to the open source domain. Notable among these projects is Apache Kafka, which was built and open sourced at LinkedIn in 2011. The team behind the creation of Kafka formed a LinkedIn spin-out company in 2014 named Confluent, which went public with an IPO in 2021. A list of LinkedIn's active open source projects can be found on their engineering website.

1. ^ "Microsoft Corporation Form 10-K". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. July 28, 2022. p. 95.

2. ^ Hempel, Jessi (July 1, 2013). "LinkedIn: How It's Changing Business". Fortune. pp. 69-74.

3. ^ Swisher, Kara (January 27, 2011). "Here Comes Another Web IPO: LinkedIn S-1 Filing Imminent". All Things Digital. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011.

4. ^ "Filtering and Tagging Connections Feature - No Longer Available". LinkedIn Help Pages. February 2, 2017.

5. ^ "PacerMonitor Document View - 5:13-cv-04303 - Perkins et al v. LinkedIn Corporation, Docket Item 1" (PDF). Pacermonitor.com. September 17, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 7, 2015.

6. ^ United States District Court, Northern District of California San Jose Division (September 17, 2013). "Preliminary Approval Order" (PDF). addconnectionssettlement.com. GILARDI & CO LLC. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2017.

7. ^ Soule, Alexander (February 28, 2016). "Indeed adding to job-searching workforce in Stamford". Stamford Advocate. Archived from the original on August 18, 2019. '... LinkedIn is a social network,' said Sandra Long, who provides LinkedIn training through her Post Road Consulting, which has offices in Westport and Stamford '... LinkedIn has also evolved into a platform for sales and other business professionals to manage a personal "brand" ... you can identify the exact people you know that are connected to that opportunity.'...

8. ^ "Will LinkedIn Address the Influencer Program's Gender Lopsidedness?" Archived March 6, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, LinkedIn Pulse, June 14, 2016. Retrieved on June 28, 2016.

9. Rao, Leena. ^ "LinkedIn Allows You To Follow Key Influencers On The Network; Will Eventually Make Feature Universal" Archived July 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, TechCrunch, San Francisco, October 2, 2012. Retrieved on July 19, 2013.

10. Kaufman, Leslie. ^ "LinkedIn Builds Its Publishing Presence" (Archived July 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine), The New York Times, New York, June 16, 2013. Retrieved on July 19, 2013.

11. ^ LinkedIn's promising new revenue model: sending you surveys. By: Neff, Jack, Advertising Age, 00018899, October 27, 2008, Vol. 79, Issue 40. Database: Business Source Complete

12. ^ "Five Benefits of LinkedIn for Organizations (and IT Pros) | TechRepublic." Web. May 9, 2011.

13. "LinkedIn.com, a business-orientated networking site, can be an ideal way for professionals to present an online profile of themselves ... Unlike social networking sites, [with] LinkedIn you're outlining all your credentials; presenting the professional rather than the personal you. Considering the sheer vastness of the digital space, the potential for building up a solid base of contacts and fostering new business relationships is boundless." O'Sullivan, James (2011), "Make the most of the networking tools that are available", ^ Evening Echo, May 9, 2011. Pg 32. Note that the Evening Echo is located close to the European headquarters of LinkedIn

14. ^ LinkedIn 'Credit Reports' Give Job Seekers Trouble Courthouse News Service on October 13, 2014.

15. ^ LinkedIn liest Ihre Mails mit Archived May 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine PC-Welt on October 28, 2013.

16. ^ Bigg, Matthew Mpoke, ed. (December 10, 2017). "German intelligence unmasks alleged covert Chinese social media profiles". . Archived from the original on December 10, 2017.

17. ^ Grieshaber, Kirsten (December 10, 2017). "Germany's intelligence head warns of increased cyberspying from China". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Hans-Georg Maassen said his agency, known by its German acronym BfV, believes more than 10,000 Germans have been targeted by Chinese intelligence agents posing as consultants, headhunters or researchers, primarily on the social networking site LinkedIn.

18. ^ Stiftung Warentest kritisiert Facebook, LinkedIn und Myspace Archived March 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine golem.de (German) on March 3, 2018.

19. ^ Soziale Netzwerke: Datenschutz oft mangelhaft Archived March 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Stiftung Warentest (German) on March 24, 2014.

20. ^ Caers, Ralf; Castelyns, Vanessa (2011). "LinkedIn and Facebook in Belgium: The Influences and Biases of Social Network Sites in Recruitment and Selection Procedures". Social Science Computer Review. SAGE Publications. 29 (4): 437-448. doi:10.1177/0894439310386567. S2CID 60557417. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022.

21. ^ Baruffaldi, Stefano H.; Di Maio, Giorgio; Landoni, Paolo (2017). "Determinants of PhD holders' use of social networking sites: An analysis based on LinkedIn". Research Policy. Elsevier. 46 (4): 740-750. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.01.014. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020.

22. ^ Sharone, Ofer (2017). "LinkedIn or LinkedOut? How Social Networking Sites are Reshaping the Labor Market". In Vallas, Steven (ed.). Emerging Conceptions of Work, Management and the Labor Market. Research in the Sociology of Work. Vol. 30. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Ltd. pp. 1-31. doi:10.1108/S0277-283320170000030001. ISBN 978-1787144606. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021.

23. ^ Rhee, Melissa; Hwang, Elina; Tan, Yong (2018). "Social Hiring: The Right LinkedIn Connection that Helps You Land a Job". SSRN 3261180.

24. ^ McDonald, Steve; Damarin, Amanda K.; Lawhorne, Jenelle; Wilcox, Annika (2019). "Black Holes and Purple Squirrels: A Tale of Two Online Labor Markets". In Vallas, Steven; Kovalainen, Anne (eds.). Work and Labor in the Digital Age. Research in the Sociology of Work. Vol. 33. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Ltd. pp. 93-120. doi:10.1108/S0277-283320190000033006. ISBN 978-1789735864. S2CID 197889035. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020.

25. ^ Brodie, Jacqueline; Perry, Mark (2001). "Designing for mobility, collaboration and information use by blue-collar workers". ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin. Association for Computing Machinery. 22 (3): 22-27. doi:10.1145/567352.567356. S2CID 42218697.

26. ^ Wheeler, Laurel; Garlick, Robert; Johnson, Eric; Shaw, Patrick; Gargano, Marissa (2019). LinkedIn(to) Job Opportunities: Experimental Evidence from Job Readiness Training. Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (Report). Duke University. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3452249. S2CID 203525431. SSRN 3452609. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020.

27. ^ Brenner, Steffen; Sivrikaya, Sezen Aksin; Schwalbach, Joachim (2020). "Who is on LinkedIn? Self-selection into professional online networks". Applied Economics. Routledge. 52 (1): 52-67. doi:10.1080/00036846.2019.1638497. S2CID 198731263. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
LinkedIn () is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps. It was launched on May 5, 2003. It is now owned by Microsoft. The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs.