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1. External- Keep their leaves year round. leaves can be green, brown, red, or yellow.

2. Internal- Sap is flowing through the trees all year. During the winter the sap can exit through branches or the trunk

3. Behavioral- Mostly reproduces through cones

4. Habitat specific information- different types need different conditions. Some need dry shady areas others need sunny moist areas.

Evergreen trees are unique from other plants because they keep their leaves year round and reproduce primarily through cones while other plants and trees lose their leaves in the cold months as well as reproduce through flowers.

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The Scots Pine tree and the Yellow Pine tree both have 24 chromosomes and are in the same genus. Having the same number of chromosomes and having similar functions scientists can conclude that these two species most likely shared a common ancestor. The scientists can also further examine the DNA of these two Pines and find that the DNA structure is very alike. These two trees most likely got these similarities through similar genes passed down from a common ancestor.

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The first conifers used traditional seeds to reproduce during the Devonion times which took place after the first land plants came to be about 430 million years ago. Today conifers use cones to reproduce. This change could have been caused to protect the seeds. Animals would come along and eat the plain seeds but seeds with more of a protective shell like structure would survive longer and be able to grow into a tree. Over time mutations occurred that made the protective structure stronger. Which eventually would develop into the cones we see today.

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This picture (see picture at the bottom) is of different types of ferns found during the Devonian times. As can be seen there are many physical similarities such as needle-like leaves and a cone shape to the tree (see far left fern). They also have structural similarities such as thinner branches that extend in all directs (see far left fern). Some of these ferns also have a tree trunk, these ferns can be closer connected to the present day Pine. These structures show that some of the ferns shown in this picture either were or shared an ancestor with today´s Pine trees.

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This is a picture of an evergreen leaf in a fossil. This shows that evergreen leaves have changed over time. Many evergreen trees have needle-like leafs where as this fossil shows clusters of small leaves that make up one big leaf. A reason for this change could be predators. Animals that eat leaves and other vegetation are more likely to consume softer,  wider leaves. The trees with thinner and more coarse leaves did not get eaten as much and were able to develop cones and reproduce more.

Giant Underground Fossil Forests Show Record of Warming National Geographic - September 9, 2008

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Darwin's theory is supported through the evidence of evergreen evolution used. The trees had to go through natural selection and mutation to acquire the traits they have today. Their leaves changed because of a mutation that made the leaves thinner and more course so in turn the animals did not favor those leaves and they survived long enough to produce cones and reproduce.

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Common Name  Rambutan

~Kingdom Plantea
~Phylum  magnoliophyta
~Class Dicot
~Order  Sapindales
~Family sapindace
~Genus  nephelium
~Species nephelium iappaceum

Common Name Fraser Fir

~Kingdom Plantea
~Phylum Tracheophyta
~Class Pinopsida
~Order  Pinales
~Family Pinaceae
~Genus Abies
~Species Abies Fraseri

Common Name Douglas Fir

~Kingdom Plantea
~Phylum Tracheophyta
~Class Pinopsida
~Order  Pinales
~Family Pinaceae
~Genus Pseudotsuga
~Species  Pseudotsuga menziesii

These taxonomic classifications show that the Fraser fir and the Douglas fir are more closely related to each other than either of them to the Rambutan. I can see this because the two firs have more of the same categories in common.

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Type of speciation: The type of speciation is gradual. Although evergreens have evolved from there ancestors they are still extremely similar to today´s evergreens.

Type of evolution: The type of evolution is divergent. The species have been getting more different as time goes on.

Mechanisms of evolution:

Random or Non-random mating. Evergreen trees mate randomly through cones. Their seeds are in the cones and when a cone falls off it's tree it gets carried to another location by animals, wind, water, and other ways.

Immigration and Emigration. Evergreen trees do not actively move or have offspring in certain places. Evergreen trees reproduce through cones and wherever the cone ends up is where the tree will grow.

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http://www.pinsdaddy.com/cretaceous-fossil-plant_szDLQ%7CIqcEvZgNuC69FhuM1u%7CPzxOE7GohDEDPDXcns/UaG06xBFkC6qUjP*SbYx%7ChnlUtbBomOl3fx9wC7nd9WjJBYZiHCYTtqUfvpssWKvgrfLMEroAYj3TXFCt3zGUaQY4f458%7C2kz9gnmUL02OutOc4szut79y3B8ALxW4f9/

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http://www.pinsdaddy.com/imprint-fossil-stock-photos-amp-amp-images-alamy_HsNUK2%7CDD2xMj0zICQITZXm8XKx5eQRm*nPCW7pHnZHoQY3d55Q3dK1mA*yap6mk1iKLXcCfjYdBb05zVPrb1g/mbCaMF%7CMN0XfgRbCBhwMZhbCxREamy4daOLT*UaBmUcB5HMRr2NV%7CAKAGB8y8x7kpVoIYrMRZQrNFYj%7CRbSj2WpSv4lB*nwkEoxqbfZnkvohI57*WtT10NCrKzu1RRgB5ZPpMJMRAjSMxzz8B5JZ511qIT6xJ244BAlrbYkBZ049pT3sLKgs6EyGyRqRH6M1ZVudlCFACsrRkEswIyaklg/

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Here are two 16-million-year-old fossil evergreen live oak leaves from the middle Miocene Middlegate Formation, a classic fossil leaf and seed locality ...

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http://www.pinsdaddy.com/image-above-seen-here-is-a-late-cretaceous-specimen-from-the-hell_g8yr3F5FeGt3o0oydYpl3wjZl8N88gR4o1*UU3tc6KrhTXvaMHYuOr7T7cmv3inQEiVgB5uweE9sX8p4acV3bHw4KTr6W4x9g%7Cc9gaezrxJc8bquittVsM1Nh8w09Wm3/OX7Z5HYg12*bw87%7CatxMVv7FIBrusXoY4yab%7Cv9pQK2F4nh%7CIWVgYbjWfaJHxx29DhcOyRwZeirSIwFZtHQsa515EEd2nvLqmWQ3IvA87evpFjgFg6AO1z*eOjnY36gf/

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File:Fossil-leaf Taxodium dubium Tertiary Germany.jpg