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http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/tc/color-blindness-topic-overview#1

http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/color_blindness/intro.htm

http://www.healthcommunities.com/color-vision-deficiency/causes.shtml

http://www.medicinenet.com/color_blindness/page2.htm

http://www.color-blindness.com/protanopia-red-green-color-blindness/

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Fortunately our world was created based on shapes and orders of symbols - not so much color. An example of this is the international order of street lights. Everywhere you go in the world the order of lights are green, yellow, and red. Another example of this is the common octagonal shape of stop signs. However color blindness can affect people emotionally. For this support groups are in place to help these people, sample sites are below;

https://www.dailystrength.org/group/color-blindness

http://www.mdjunction.com/color-blindness

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Color blindness is officially diagnosed at an ophthalmologist through a series of tests, showing the patient cards with dots of shades. On these cards is a certain design that only people with regular vison can see. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for color blindness yet. However current research is pointing to gene therapy for a possible cure. Although there is no cure for color blindness, there is special glasses that regulate and change the frequency of wavelengths in certain colors. These glasses are called Enchroma and can be prescribed at a local ophthalmologist.

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The first case of colorblindness was described in the late 18th century by chemist John Dalton, who was himself blind. Dalton is more commonly known for developing the atomic theory, but the first paper he ever wrote described colorblindness in himself and his brother. His research started the ball rolling on this condition in the scientific community, and today, some call colorblindness Daltonism in honor of his first description.

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Roses are red and violets are blue, but we only know that thanks to specialized cells in our eyes called cones. When light hits an object – say, a banana – the object absorbs some of the light and reflects the rest of it. Which wavelengths are reflected or absorbed depends on the properties of the object. For a ripe banana, wavelengths of about 570 to 580 nanometers bounce back. These are the wavelengths of yellow light. When you look at a banana, the wavelengths of reflected light determine what color you see. The light waves reflect off the banana's peel and hit the light-sensitive retina at the back of your eye. That's where cones come in. Cones are one type of photoreceptor, the tiny cells in the retina that respond to light. Most of us have 6 to 7 million cones, and almost all of them are concentrated on a 0.3 millimeter spot on the retina called the fovea centralis.

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Contrary to many beliefs there are more than one type of color blindness. There are four main types of color blindness but, different variations can occur. Below are the four basic types;

Protanomaly: In males with protanomaly, the red cone photopigment is abnormal. Red, orange, and yellow appear greener and colors are not as bright. This condition is mild and doesn’t usually interfere with daily living. Protanomaly is an X-linked disorder estimated to affect 1 percent of males.

Protanopia: In males with protanopia, there are no working red cone cells. Red appears as black. Certain shades of orange, yellow, and green all appear as yellow. Protanopia is an X-linked disorder that is estimated to affect 1 percent of males.

Deuteranomaly: In males with deuteranomaly, the green cone photopigment is abnormal. Yellow and green appear redder and it is difficult to tell violet from blue. This condition is mild and doesn’t interfere with daily living. Deuteranomaly is the most common form of color blindness and is an X-linked disorder affecting 5 percent of males.

Deuteranopia: In males with deuteranopia, there are no working green cone cells. They tend to see reds as brownish-yellow and greens as beige. Deuteranopia is an X-linked disorder that affects about 1 percent of males.

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Color vision deficiency is a disorder which is found in the sex chromosomes of humans. The majority of people with this disorder are males because males have 2 different chromosomes in their code, such as XY. The disorder is found in the X chromosome. This explains why mostly males have the disorder, because they only have one X, while females have 2 X's which act as buffers for eachother

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Color vison deficiency, more commonly know as color blindness is a very common genetic disorder found  in  mostly males. As much as 8% of men can be born with this disorder.