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So, why do people create glow-in-the-dark-animals? Scientists considered their effort to create those glowing animals eventually lead them to get one step closer to success in transgenic technology. Furthermore, they are truly sured that it might give a growth in medical healthcare system, as well as give a wealth to our living environment. However, our scientific technologies are not so developed to achieve their goals, there are many controversial opinion toward transgenic technology as known as genetic modification(GM). First, while scientists do a transgenic experiment in order to discover the solution for people's better life, innumerable animals are killed by countless fail experiments. Although we don't have other objects to try experiments, but it is too unethical to use them as an experimental object mercilessly.
But this transgenic technology or genetic modification seems to be developed and the job related to those science are with an excellent prospects because people always want new things to make their life be better and more convenient. If scientists become successful in transfer the gene to another organisms so that they can get a new ability to solve their medical problem, it might be the greatest thing that will improve our living conditions as a part in our history.
In my opinion, there is no choice of experimental objects that scientists can examine their scientific theory or technology to, I think scientists should try more experiments with more animal for further future. It is a bit weird that they create glow-in-the-dark-animals, but it will lead a success of transgenic technology or genetic modification, and it will help other characteristics also can be transfer from one to another, consequently, I expected that it will scientific and technological innovation somedays.

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Experts in Transgenic Technology (Genetic Modification)

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Experts in Transgenic Technology (Genetic Modification)

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http://www.orcexperts.com/experts.asp?strQuery=transgenic+technology

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Bibilography for Glow in the Dark animal examples

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Bibilography for Glow in the Dark animal examples

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Barber. Elizabeth, “Bunnies glow green in the dark, join lots of other glowing animals.”
TheChristianScienceMonitor, The Cristian Science Monitor, 13 Aug. 2013,
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/0813/Bunnies-glow-green-in-the-dark-join-lots-
of-other-glowing-animals. Accessed on 21 May 2017.
“Experience the glo!.” GloFish, Yorktown Technologies, L.p., https://www.glofish.com.
Accessed on 21 May 2017.
“Glowing cats shed light on Aids.” BBC, BBC, 12 Sep. 2011,
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-14882008. Accessed on 21 May 2017.
Hansen. Lauren, “7 genetically modified animals that glow in the dark.” The Week, The Week
Publications, Inc., Felix Dennis, 30 Apr. 2013, http://theweek.com/articles/464980/7-
genetically-modified-animals-that-glow-dark. Accessed 22 May 2017.
Hogg.Chris, “Taiwan breeds green-glowing pig.” BBCNews, BBC,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4605202.stm. Accessed on 21 May 2017.

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The most common Glow-in-the-dark-animals in United States. Welcomed by many American as pets

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Three means of producing a transgenic animal

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Three means of producing a transgenic animal

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DNA microinjection

This is a method to inject a chosen gene into another organism’s fertilized egg. The first trial was happened by Gordon and Ruddle in 1981. There is a variety of species that scientists can apply this technique to, so it has a strong advantage of using this technique.

Gene transfer through embryonic stem cell

This is a technique to insert DNA sequences into embryonic (unborn baby in the process of development) stem cells. Because scientists can choose to make the gene be function or not, so it has another name, which is “knock-out method.”

Gene transfer mediated by virus

By modes of a carrier or vector (virus or a plasmid), transgenic technology is meditated to increase the probability of expression, and it takes an advantage of the organism’s ability to infect host cells. This method is usually used for creating a transgenic animal that will be used as an experiment object which has traits to be healed.

Buy. Marie, Editorial Assistant, Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC), “Transgenic
Animals.” UniversityOfCalgary, University of Calgary, n.d.,
http://people.ucalgary.ca/~browder/transgenic.html. Accessed on 23 May 2017.

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Pros

- Advance in medicine: Scientists create a transgenic animals which has a particular
traits, and find the way to heal them. Consequently, they got to
discover the method to develop human's medical system.
- Research values: There are some disease which the scientist can not investigate
certain disease model in human, so scientist can create a certain
transgenic animals that has a specific disease and study without
damaging the health of humans.
- Economic profitability: Transgenic animals technology could increase the number of
food product, therefore, it can helps people to earn more
economic profit and so on.

Cons

- Unethical: To create many transgenic animals as much as we need, scientists uses
and create many animals as an experiment objects, and we could say we
exploit them by violating their right to live.
- Unknown side effect: While scientists do an experiment in order to discover a new
substance, a new disease are appeared accidentally.
- Harms the animal: Because scientists have experimental tests using an animal, and
that test is not proven yet today, many experimental animals can
be killed because of a fail experiments. But it is hard to be
successful in achieving what they want at once, many animals die
because of those kinds of practical experiment.

Lombardo. Crystal, "Transgenic Animals Pros and Cons." VisionLaunch, Vision Launch Development Group, 23 Nov. 2014, http://visionlaunch.com/transgenic-animals-pros-and-cons/#. Accessed 21 May 2017

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Chavis. Jason C., Arnold. Paul, “The First Genetically Engineered Pet.” BrightHub, Bright Hub Inc., 3 Dec. 2009,
http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/27423.aspx. Accessed 22 May 2017.

Hansen. Lauren, “7 genetically modified animals that glow in the dark.” The Week, The Week Publications, Inc., Felix
Dennis, 30 Apr. 2013, http://theweek.com/articles/464980/7-genetically-modified-animals-that-glow-dark.
Accessed 22 May 2017.

Livens. Antoon, Petrillo. M, Querci. M, Patak. A, “Genetically modified animals: Options and issues for traceability and
enforcement.” ScienceDirect, Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. ScienceDirect, 16 May. 2015,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224415001223. Accessed 21 May 2017.

Panse. Sona, Arnold. Paul, “Why Are Scientists Creating Genetically Engineered Animals?.” BrightHub, Bright Hub Inc.,
19 Apr. 2013, http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/26476.aspx. Accessed 21 May 2017.

Piston. David W., Patterson. George H., Lippincott-Schwartz. Jennifer, Claxton. Nathan S., Davidson.Michael W.,
“Introduction to Fluorescent Proteins.” Nikon's MicroscopyU, Nikon Instruments Inc., 2016,
www.microscopyu.com/techniques/fluorescence/introduction-to-fluorescent-proteins. Accessed 22 May 2017.

Shukla. Ishani Chatterjee, “Types of Genetic Engineering.” Buzzle, Buzzle.com, 4 Oct. 2011,
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-genetic-engineering.html. Accessed 21 May 2017

“Transgenic Animals.” WhatIsBiotechnology?,  Biotechmet, 2017,
http://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/science/transgenic. Accessed 22 May 2017.

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When is this acceptable/unacceptable? Why have we allowed this to happen? Why is there a need for this today?

Scientist believed that they could develop the area of transgenic or genetic modification if they became successful in creating a perfect glow-in-the-dark-animals. So they has started to investigate into creating glowing animals since Osamu Shimomura and Frank Johnson, working at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington, succeeded in separating dependent bioluminescent protein from the Aequorea victoria jellyfish, which they named aequorin in 1961. During the process of isolating the bioluminescent protein from aequorin, they discovered second blue-emitting bioluminescent protein. It emit a green light when it is illuminated with ultraviolet light, and eventually, they were able to extract Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from jellyfishes (Piston,1).

After 1996 when Teh Ping Lin came up with an idea to insert a capable DNA to micro-inject fertilized mouse eggs to discover what they want through an experiment, the first genetic modification of animals was came out by the virologist Rudolph Jaenisch in 1974. And their effort to be successful in transgenic technology has kept developed over time, and scientists began to transfer Jellyfish’s fluorescent protein to living organisms to clearly check whether they succeed in breeding an organism by transferring a foreign DNA into the different animals or not (Chavis, 1).  After GM fluorescent animals has been developing, the first publicly available genetically engineered pet came out in the United States, and that is Glofish. Because fish market at that time usually produced fishes for food supply, so there were some conflicts because those fluorescent fish are released for entertainment purpose. But it was proven that Glofish, which is genetically modified Zebrafish with  bright red, green and orange fluorescent colors, has no threat to food supply market, Globefish got welcomed as an unique pet in the world.

Moreover, Eduard Kac the artist actually used this technique for artistic purpose in May 2000. Kak introduced his albino rabbit, Alba, which is glowing with green fluorescent when it exposed to blue light. He tried to combine this scientific technique into his art, but scientist didn’t agree with him, so there was a slight conflict between art and science (Hansen, 1).

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How to create a transgenic animal

Graphics by Jeffery Lim, Copyright @ 2007 Singapore Press Holdings. All rights reserved.

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What is “glow in the dark animals”? What is transgenic?

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What is “glow in the dark animals”? What is transgenic?

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What is getting in the way of our action?

Have you ever seen glow-in-the-dark-animals? Those are the animals who genetically modified (GM animals) in order to lead improvements in animal breeding and reproduction in genetics (Livens,1). Researches genetically engineered animals by manipulating or modifying the DNA of selected animals to make those animals have a particular characteristics and to introduce certain desired traits. Through the process, part of genetic codes or DNA are inserted to, extracted from or replaced with the genes of interest (Panse,1). There are three way of genetically engineering technology: analytical, applied and chemical genetic engineering.

Three types of genetic engineering (Shukla,1)

Analytical genetic engineering: Before scientists do an experiment in an actual practice, it is an engineering to create genetic models using computer software. It is helpful to reduce risks which could cause while they use animals as an experiment object.

Applied genetic engineering: It is an engineering that practically apply the genetic experiment to living organism by manipulating their genes for making genetic copies or creating various characteristic. Cloning and GM is counted as this genetic engineering.

chemical genetic engineering: It is a preparation for applied genetic engineering. It includes separating, classifying and graphing genes to prepare an actual experiment.

Then, how are GM animals actually genetically modified by applied genetic engineering? A diagram shows the process of creating transgenic animals below.

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United States and Japan, 2011
* Significance: find out an antibiotic factor to Aids from Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFP)

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6. Cat

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Korea, 2009
* Significance: Produced first 5 transgenic dogs in Red Fluorescent proteins. It glows green when the dog eat a doxycycline antibiotic, and faded later.

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5. Dog

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4. Monkey
Japan, 2009
* Significance:
It was successful to investigate into an ability that monkey can pass its Fluorescent proteins to their next generation

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3. Pig
Taiwan, 2008
*Significance: Find out the way to make the organism has an organ that emit the light.

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Uses for artistic purpose for Eduard Kac
*Significance: casue a conflict between government and animal right campaign. Government tried to breed a illuminated bunny which named Alba, but early died.

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2. Rabbit
France, May 2000

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Uruguay, October 2012
*Significance: scientist became to know the color of the light is change when sheep exposed to the light

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1. Sheep