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A team led by John Mallard of the University of Aberdeen in Scotland obtained the first clinically useful image of a patient's internal tissues using MRI imaging on Aug. 28, 1980. Refinements over the next 15 years led to its widespread use by the middle 1990s.

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The World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated on May 8, 1980.

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 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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While the 1996 law protects coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs, and requires national standards for electronic healthcare transactions, it becomes best known for its sections protecting patient privacy.

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Fifteen years after the first nurse practitioner program was established in 1965 at the University of Colorado, and five years after the American Nurses Association established a separate council for NPs, their ranks by 1979 had crossed the 15,000 mark.

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The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act, signed into law by President George W. Bush in December 2003, creates Medicare Part D, an unfunded mandate for Medicare to pay for seniors' prescription drugs through private insurance plans.

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The first computed tomography scan of a patient took place in England in 1971. This year, an estimated 78 million CT scans will be conducted on far more sophisticated machines.

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A federally funded program created in 1994 provides free vaccines to children in low-income families. Vaccines include MMR, flu and HPV.

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In 1984, research groups led by Dr. Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Luc Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and Dr. Jay Levy at the University of California at San Francisco, identify a retrovirus as the cause of AIDS. A global fight over who discovered the retrovirus ensues.

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The FDA approves the first targeted cancer therapy, imatinib or Gleevec, in 2001 for chronic myelogenous leukemia.

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President Bill Clinton signed CHIP into law in 1997 as part of the Balanced Budget Act. By 2015, more than 8 million children received health insurance coverage under the program.

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The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, passed by Congress in 1985 and signed into law in 1986, required employers to offer partially subsidized health insurance to employees who lost their jobs.

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The Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first protease inhibitors in 1996 enabled three-drug combination therapy, which turned a fatal disease into a manageable condition.

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The first artificial heart, developed by Dr. Robert Jarvik, was implanted Dr. William DeVries of the University of Utah on Dec. 2, 1982. Seattle dentist Barney Clark lived another 112 days.

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Oregon became the first state in the country to pass a law allowing terminally ill individuals to end their lives with lethal medication prescribed by a doctor. Since 1997, five other states have also legalized the practice.

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In a major breakthrough for dietary health, this 1990 law required nutrition information on all packaged foods and regulated the use of health claims on labels.

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From its beginnings in the NASA space program, telemedicine or telehealth has grown into a booming business with CMS now having over 70 HCPCS/CPT codes to pay for various telehealth services.

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President George W. Bush in his state-of-the-union address in 2004 called for universal, portable electronic health records.

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Following a three-year experiment in New Jersey, the Health Care Financing Administration (now CMS) in 1983 established diagnosis-related groups for episodes of care within all hospitals.

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resident Richard Nixon renames prepaid group health care plans as health maintenance organizations (HMOs), with legislation that provides federal endorsement, certification, and assistance.

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resident Richard Nixon renames prepaid group health care plans as health maintenance organizations (HMOs), with legislation that provides federal endorsement, certification, and assistance.

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President Roosevelt asks Congress for "economic bill of rights," including right to adequate medical care.

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President Truman offers national health program plan, proposing a single system that would include all of American society.