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Iron Curtain:
-A notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in Eastern Europe in 1989.

Stalin's Thoughts on Free Elections After WWII:
-After the war, Stalin rebuffed American calls to hold open elections in Eastern Europe for fear that the elections would result in the selection of governments unfriendly to Soviet interests.  Equally unnerving for Stalin was the thought that these countries would become democratic and provide the United States with its own sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.  Consequently, Stalin did not allow free elections to take place in Eastern Europe and instead moved to install puppet regimes loyal to the Soviet Union throughout the region.

Warsaw Pact:
-A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organize in answer NATO.

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On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched the first man-made satellite into space, Sputnik, which began the space race between U.S and USSR. The same Sputnik’s technology can be used to begin a nuclear war on any city, causing U.S to have to send its own satellite to space. The U.S barely catches up to USSR when the first man in space came to be. Then it took many Soviet astronomers before the first U.S astronomer came to space. In May 1961, U.S put Neil Armstrong as the first man on the moon. The space race ended in 1965 with a U.S spacecraft joining with a USSR spacecraft as the astronomers shook hands with one another.

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Vietnam War:
America’s involvement in Vietnam began more than 60 years ago, when Vietnam became a Cold War battleground. After French colonial rulers were ousted in 1945, Vietnam was partitioned into a Communist North and pro-Western South. In the mid-1950s, the U.S started sending military advisers to support South Vietnam in its struggle against the Communist forces of the North and guerrilla fighters known as Viet Cong. U.S military involvement in the conflict increased as time goes by and by 1969, there were more than 500,000 U.S combat troops in Vietnam. By the time the war ended six years later, 58,000 American soldiers and at least 3 million Vietnamese had been killed.

Korean War:
-Because the Cold War was caused by the unresolved issues between the Soviet Union and the United States after the WWII. The war of tension originated due to the political differences between the U.S and Soviet Union as the U.S believes in Capitalism while the USSR with communism. The Korean war came to be after the two big nations got involved with Korea after the country splitted into two sides (North & South). United States was establishing the Truman Doctrine by helping South Korea (who were anti-communist) against the North Korean, who had the Soviet Union on their side. This matter became worse as the conflict began spreading to China and other southeastern asian countries (Vietnam).

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President Nixon's contributions to the Cold War 

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President Nixon's contributions to the Cold War 

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Detente:

A policy of lessening Cold War tensions, replaced brinkmanship under Richard M. Nixon.

This term comes from the German word meaning "realistic politics."

Ping-Pong Diplomacy:

* On April 10, 1971, the U.S. table tennis team arrived in China for a 10-day visit, becoming the first group of Americans in over 20 years to get a peek behind the “Bamboo Curtain.” Their trip led to a renewed dialogue between the two nations, opening the door for President Richard Nixon’s own China visit in 1972. On the anniversary of the American team’s groundbreaking trip, explore the unusual role table tennis once played in international relations.

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East and West Germany Date of Unification

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East and West Germany Date of Unification

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October 3, 1990

With the gradual waning of Soviet power in the late 1980s, the Communist Party in East Germany began to lose its grip on power. Tens of thousands of East Germans began to flee the nation, and by late 1989 the Berlin Wall started to come down. Shortly thereafter, talks between East and West German officials, joined by officials from the United States, Great Britain, France, and the USSR, began to explore the possibility of reunification. Two months following reunification, all-German elections took place and Helmut Kohl became the first chancellor of the reunified Germany. Although this action came more than a year before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, for many observers the reunification of Germany effectively marked the end of the Cold War.

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Glasnost:
In 1985, Gorbachev announced a policy known as glasnost or openness. Glasnost brought remarkable changes, the government allowed churches to open. It released dissidents from prison and allowed the publication of books by previously banned authors. Reporters investigated problems and criticized officials.

Perestroika:
In 1986, Gorbachev made changes to revive the Soviet economy. Local managers gained greater authority over their farms and factories, and people were allowed to open small private businesses.

Mikhail Gorbachev:
- Made major reforms in
U.S.S.R. with policy of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (economic restructuring)
- Last leader of U.S.S.R. after he resigned the Soviet Union formally dissolved. (1985-1991)

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Positive and Negative Effects of a U.S. Action During the Cold War

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Positive and Negative Effects of a U.S. Action During the Cold War

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Space Race:

Positive -
*The first man in space
*The first man on the moon (Neil Armstrong ; May 1961)
*The improved space technology
*It ended with a friendly gesture between the U.S and U.S.S.R astronomers
*The first satellite in space (Sputnik)
*The funding for research and education
*The technologies created for astronomers began to be widely used by citizens
*The relieved cold war tension

Negative -
*expensive
*waste of time
*dangerous
*the same Sputnik’s technology can be used to begin a nuclear war on any city

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Arms Race:

The Arms Race began in August 1945 as the Allies and USSR battle to see who were a more powerful country by the amount of nuclear weapon they have. The Arms Race were originally sparked by the atomic bombs dropping on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States. The Soviet Union were sending spies to steal blueprints of nuclear weapons. The race became so big that the U.S and USSR agreed on a policy called M.A.D (Mutually Assured Destruction). The Soviets also acquired uranium plants for the race. The race finally ended in 1956.

Berlin Blockade & Airlift:

The Berlin Blockade & Airlift was a response to the Marshall plan. Berlins in Soviet influence had half of it under the Allies control. In result, the Soviet Union blocked Berlin from all trade and any access to outside. Everything went under shut down. Within days, United States flew supplies into Berlin every three minutes for 15 months to support Berlin. From June 1948 to May 1949, most Allies flew aircraft over West Berlin, which secured West Berlin and stopped communism.

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NATO:
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) the military alliance of European and North American democracies founded after WWII to strengthen international ties between member states and to serve as a counter-balance to the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact
Truman Doctrine:
Principle that the US should give support to countries or people threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by president Truman.

Marshall Plan:
An America initiative to aid the Western Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billion in economic support to help rebuild Western economies after the end of WWII.

Cuban Missile Crisis:
Kennedy did not desire a full out nuclear war due to the experiences he had gained from being soldier during the WWII. He then discovers that Khrushchev also does not want a full out nuclear war.

Containment:
Kennedy did not desire a full out nuclear war due to the experiences he had gained from being soldier during the WWII. He then discovers that Khrushchev also does not want a full out nuclear war.

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It was a conference that happened on February 4 -11, 1945. It was between the head governments of the Soviet Union, United States, and Britain as the WWII was dying down.