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What are arguments for and against receiving a cochlear implant?After receiving cochlear implants what are some of the benefits and struggles that are experienced?

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What are arguments for and against receiving a cochlear implant?After receiving cochlear implants what are some of the benefits and struggles that are experienced?

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Cochlear implants could cause the recipient to lose their deaf culture.
The recipient does get to experience the hearing world.

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Brain is most sensitive to unexpected stimulation

Certain areas of your body have more concentrated tactile nerve endings than others

Controlled by the Sensory Cortex

Kinesthesis - Sense of body parts and position
Vestibular Sense - Monitors head position and movement
Semicircular Canals - Helps balance
Vestibular Sacs - Fluid with cochlea, causes dizziness

Things that affect pain - Mindset, Culture, Cognition, Physiological

Gate Control Theory - Neurological gate in spine that accepts or rejects pain signals
Endorphins - Natural Pain killer

Sensations - pressure, warmth, cold, pain

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Taste buds (Papillae) - Receptor cells for taste
Different from flavor
5 tastes - Salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami
Taste preferences at birth

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Extremely Sensitive (5 million receptors)

Epithlium -  mucous membrane at the top of your nose

Only sense that doesn't go to your Thalamus

Direct connection to the Limbic System

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Conductive Hearing loss - A hole in your ear drum prevents vibration

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Place Theory - The ability to hear different pitches of sound due to location of the neuron on the Basular membrane on the Cochlea
Frequency Theory - Neurons fire at the same rate of sound frequencies
Volley Principle - Two patters of neuron firing combine to make one frequency

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Pinna - Outer Ear
Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup - 3 bones behind ear drum that vibrate
Oval Window - Vibrated by stirrup to transfer sound into liquid
Cochlea - Change the sound into electrical signals
Vestibular Organ - Helps balance

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Monaural Cue - Louder sounds means closer sound
Binaural Cue - Stereophonic - Stero: Multi directional audio perspective

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I can differentiate between binocular and monocular cues

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I can differentiate between binocular and monocular cues

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Color Constancy - Perception of familiar objects as having a constant color even in changing light
Depth Perception - 2 dimensions fall on retina; perceive as 3D. Depth Perception at 6 months
Constancy

Color

Shape

Size

Location

Brightness

Interposition - One object blocks the view of another
Relative Size - Closer objects have larger retinal images
Relative Clarity - Hazy objects are farther away than clearer objects
Texture Gradient - Coarse, Distinct textures are closer than finer, indistinct
Relative Height - Objects higher in the visual field appear farther away
Relative Motion - Movement of self causes stable items to appear to move
Linear Perspective - Parallel lines appear to converge in distance
Shadowing - Nearer objects reflect more light than farther objects
Retinal Disparity - Difference between the images of the two eyes
Convergence - Cue for perceiving depth; eyes move closer towards inward object
Stereoscopic Vision - Combine 2 retinal images to create 3D perception
Stroboscopic Movement - Children's flip books
Autokinetic Illusion - Perceived motion created by single stationary object from basic movement of eyes

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I can learn color theories and visual cues

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I can learn color theories and visual cues

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Parallel Processing - Processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously (color, form, and motion)

Trichromatic Theory - Each cone is only sensitive to one of red, blue, green
Opponent Process Theory - Three kinds of cones that work in pairs

Red and Green

Blue and Yellow

Black and White

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Optic Chiasm - Point where the optic nerves cross
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus -
Retina

Rods outnumber Cones by 20:1

Bipolar Cells - Specialized neurons connect to rods and cones

Ganglion Cells - Sends info to the thalamus

Magnocellur Cells (M cells) - Detect Motion

Parvocellur Cells - Detects color and identity

Transduction - When light goes through the layers of the retina

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I can understand the parts and path of vision

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I can understand the parts and path of vision

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Aqueous Humor - Pocket of liquid behind the cornea that allows the eye to remain round
Cornea - Protects the eye
Pupil - Also controls how much light comes in. Contracts in bright light and relaxes in dim
Iris - Muscle control of how much light comes in and also perceives color
Lens - Flexible part of the eye that focuses and bends light onto the retina.
Accomodation - Lens changes shape according to distance. Round up close and flat for far.
Fovea - Point of central focus at the back of the eye, only cones
Optic Nerve - Highway of nerve fibers that transmits visual information to the brain
Retina - Lining on back of eye that contains cones and rods
Rods - peripheral vision, black/white
Cones - Center field of vision, colors
Blind Spot - Point where the optic nerve leaves the eye that has no rods or cones
Vitreous Humor - Between Lens and the Retina, protects lens when it changes shape

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I can understand the difference between absolute, subliminal, and difference thresholds

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I can understand the difference between absolute, subliminal, and difference thresholds

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Your sensation is more important because without sensation there would not be anything to perceive.

The higher the intensity of a stimulus the higher the amount of change required to notice a difference.

Signal Detection Theory - Looks at the effects of background of stimulus and bias on perception

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I can understand the difference between top down and bottom up processes of sensation and perception.

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I can understand the difference between top down and bottom up processes of sensation and perception.

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Perceptual Set - Influenced by surroundings
Priming - Setting up surroundings to facilitate a result

Perception comes from top down and Sensation comes from bottom up. Top down processing can cause features to be ignored or amplified in importance, as well as predicted with background information

Absolute Threshold - A minimum amount of stimulus that is required for your brain to perceive it 50% of the time

Sensory Adaptation - When your senses adapt to repeated stimuli, causing your awareness of it to dwindle

Inattentional blindness - Unable to perceive something in front of you due to a different source of concentration.

Difference Threshold - The minimum difference between two things that is required for a perceptional difference (Weber's Law)