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Anna Chan (3)

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4/6 21

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Saw Sze JIe

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Jamie LIm

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Essay Writing Practice (Zhi Sen)

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Jordan tanujaya 4/6 (12)

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happy holidays
im so sweet

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Christy's

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Jin Kai 4/3

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Yap Zi Xuan

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Olivia Khoo 4/6 (15)

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Question:

“The UN Sustainable Development Goal aims to achieve ZERO HUNGER by 2030.”
To what extent do you agree that food security is achievable for all? (8m)

I do not agree to this statement to a large extent. Food security can be improved, however it is not achievable for each and every one.

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. However, it is difficult to achieve, especially with the rising prices of food crops.

Firstly, the less developed regions usually have no stability of food supply. The governments can choose whether to increase the amount of imports, or the amount of food production. Food production can be increased by improving technology so as to increase the crop yield, and increasing the agricultural land through the opening of new areas for agriculture. The less developed regions have an abundant source of land for agricultural purposes, however, they lack the technology and the funds to do so. As a result, the government prioritise imports as ta temporary measure to suffice their population. However, the imports come from developed countries, where their technology is abundant and they are easy to produce crops which are imbued with technology. However in less developed countries, they rely more on the imports from other countries, due to their inadequate production of food crops. The imports come from the developed countries, which strikes a profit off when they sell it off and prices which are difficult to afford for the less fortunate in the less developed regions. As a result, the richer people in the less developed regions will only have food security, while the less fortunate will have no food security.

Furthermore, less developed countries are also less capable of dealing with fluctuations in food prices, proving even the imports of food to be problematic. For example, during the hurricane disaster in 2004 in Jamaica, they were unable to import food due to the expensive prices of the food, while on the other hand for developed countries such as Singapore, our reliance on food imports make up more than 90 percent of our food supply. This is further worsened by the presence of civil wars and natural disasters. In the civil war in Libya in April 2011, the United Nations World Food Programme reported that food stocks in the country were rapidly depleting and were not being replenished. Cities and areas with heavy fighting also reported both food and water shortages, while safety concerns restricted people venturing to buy or find food. During the food shortage in Zimbabwe in 2008 due to a severe drought, Most their corn harvests were rendered impossible, and in particular, the worst affected areas were the rural and neglected regions.

In addition to these, governments are not doing much to aid their countries. For example, In Nigeria 2009, the price of crops is volatile due to the lack of government support. The dry seasons and lack of proper storage for crops further worsens this situation. Due to a changing climate, the rainy seasons are come later than usual, but ends earlier by September. The electricity supply is not constant around the area, resulting in insufficient water supply to neighbouring farms. This results in farmers fleeing from their farms and going to other areas, while the government could help to stabilise the price of crops by storing crops in advance to prepare for the dry seasons or building dams for irrigation to grow crops during the dry season, which they are not doing so due to a lack of monetary funds.

In conclusion, food security can be improved, however, it still proves difficult for it to be achievable for all.

Well Written with clear examples and ideas are well organised with a balanced view of comparing the richer countries with the poor.

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Yu xian

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Chang Jit Wei, Olivia Khoo, Yap Zi Xuan

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Lee Heng Hao Ernest, Loh Yu Xian, Lye Jin Kai, Chua Zhong Heng.

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Lee Heng Hao Ernest, Loh Yu Xian, Lye Jin Kai, Chua Zhong Heng.

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GROUP 1

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JAMIE LIM, TAN YI LIIN, PEARLY TAN

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SHIXIAOXUAN KAREN VALERIE

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Group : Christy, Mint, Anna, Chloe

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Keane Low (13), Ngim Hui Yi (25), Teo Jia Le (32), Teo Zhi Sen (33)

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Keane Low (13), Ngim Hui Yi (25), Teo Jia Le (32), Teo Zhi Sen (33)

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Changing Consumers' Habits (Social Preventive Measures)

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Group 7
Gwyneth Gan (10) , Yunjae (25), Ashley Ow (26)

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Ying Xuan(35) 4/3, Crystal Tay(9)4/6, Su Aung (23)4/6, Esther Ng (24) 4/6

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'The UN Sustainable Development Goal aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.' To what extent do you agree that food security is achievable for all? [8]

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'The UN Sustainable Development Goal aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.' To what extent do you agree that food security is achievable for all? [8]

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Group Members: yu xian , jin kai , ernest , zhong heng.

1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?
Answer: Lack of food

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria? [Possible answers: dry season, lack of government support, price instability]
Answer: Price of crops is volatile due to the lack of government support. Dry seasons and lack of proper storage for crops. Due to a changing climate, the rainy seasons are come later than usual, but ends earlier. (by September) The electricity supply is not constant  around the area , resulting in insufficient water supply to neighboring farms. This results in farmers fleeing from their farms and going to other areas.

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?
Answer: Government can help to stabilise the price of crops by storing crops in advance to prepare for the dry seasons or build dams for irrigation to grow crops during the dry season.

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1.Lack of food

2. -Dry Season-causes some crops to be unsuitable to be cultivated as there is lack of water supply, from the video it can be seen that although the government has buit dams the problem is still not solved, resulting in a lower yield of crops in the country.
-Nigerians do not wang to farm- Many of them prefer to sell oil products rather than do farming, this causes many to move away from farming activties, leading to a shortage of food supply.
Price Instability - the price varies according to the seasons
Pressure from neighbouring countries - Increase in demand for food from Niger due to the food shortage crisis in Niger has made the food crisis situation in Nigeria worse

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We are Valerie Lim, Shi Xiao Xuan and Karen Tjia

1.
-lack of food

2.
-Dry season
-Lack of support from government
-fluctuating prices of maize
- price of diesel fuel for machinery.

3.
-Government should control prices of crops by controlling the production of each type of crop.
-Store crops in silos to reserve food.
-Construct the dams to improw irrrigation

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Group 2-Zhi Sen,Mikail, Keane, and Jordan

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Group 2-Zhi Sen,Mikail, Keane, and Jordan

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1.The more prevalent food insecurity is the lack of food. According to the Guardian article;"rains, which normally come in May, could start a month later and dry up before September, curtailing the planting and cropping season.

"All these factors put together are a great source of concern on possible food shortage at the end of the rainy season and the lean period when food stocks are usually depleted,"

2, Fluctuations of prices between seasons for diesel fuel . Due to lack of diesel fuel, there is no energy for the pumps to operate which results in the canals being unable to function like they were supposed to. This results in water being unable to reach certain parts of the land, However, many dams were built and irrigation methods were used to allow farmers to continue farming during the dry seasons.
There has also been an increase in the prices of fertilisers and seeds which results in a lower yield of crops as lesser crops are being planted.
The government does not control the prices of the seeds, diesel oil and other resources. The government is trying to stabilise prices by building a strategic reserve which enables it to buy grain as well as store grain and release it into the market to counter the increase of prices in the market.

3.
4.

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Riz, Elizabeth, Ancel

Q1) The lack of food is the most prevalent food insecurity present. Nigeria is having difficulty producing its own food and was driven to import food to support the population
Q2) [environmental]
extreme weathers- droughts
[social]
unstable government;
lack of storage facilities or unifinished storage facilities (due to lack of materials)
lack of electricity for dam
high diesel prices thus farmers unable to afford to operate machines for cultivation

Q3) Role of government: Control prices of commodities and grain (prevent a collapse in food prices)- storing crops (for

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Gwyneth Gan (10) , Chloe Low(21), Yunjae (25), Ashley ow (26)
1. Food shortages. They are unable to grow food due to the land not being irrigated and they have to import crops from neighbouring countries instead of growing their own crops.

2. Lack of goverment support. The promises that the governement made the farmers are not being carried out. The governement does not work with the farmers and the market, to control the prices of the food.The structures built to enable the better water supply, like canals, are dry, thus not improving the situation.

3. The role of the government is very important as they have to ensure that there is enough resources (such as water) for agriculture. One example is the dams constructed, where most of them are not used due to the unstable supply of electricity. Additionally, they have to construct enough storage facilities for t

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ZHikuan, maccolm, liwen, szejie
1. Lack of nutrition- 1/3 of children in nigeria is moderately to severely underweight, crop yield is unpredictable, giving rise to uncertainties in people.
2. Lack of facilities( caused by lack of government support)- silos, which are used to store grains, supposed to have about 3 dozens of these but fewer than half are ever completed and in those that were completed, more than half failed.
Price flunctuations- no control of price of commodities in the market. One season the prices are high, in another it is low. Price volatility.
Oil industry- The lure of easy money shift priorities. being a country which has oil resources, they export oil to other countries to earn money instead of shifting their focus to
Social Unrest- Farmers abandon their farms due to islamist insurgency

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Christy, Mint, Anna
1. Lack of food.
2. High prices of fertilisers, seeds (affect growth of crops) and diesel oil (affect dams and irrigation schemes). Poor governance. Dry season.
3. Government plays an important role in ensuring food security. The shift in national focus from agriculture to oil production also caused many farmers to migrate to the cities and hence reduced the amount of produce. Hence, money made from selling of oil was instead used to buy food items that were previously their main export. This also resulted in unfinished projects that were targeted to help agriculture eg. building of dams and grainary.

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We are jitwei, olivia and zi xuan. Nice!
1. The type of food security that is most prevalent in Nigera is the lack of nutrition. It is shown in the video that two third of Nigeria's children are moderately or severely underweight.
3. The government has to improve farming and control the prices of the crops. They provide economic support for the farmers to produce crops. Governement stabilise food prices by building strategically reserved places and facilities (silos) to store food in the cases of severe food short.age

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1. The type of food security that is most prevalent in Nigeria is the lack of food. This is shown in the article stating that Nigeria is facing a food crisis due to different factor that may affect their food production.

2. Factor that foster food insecurity in Nigeria is firstly due to the extreme weather. As Nigeria is an LDC that highly dependant on weather to grow their crops, the change of weather could affect hugely the yield of the crops. This is shown in the video that despite the Nigeria Goverment have created the dam, their problem of extreme weather do not solve their problem.

3. The government constructed several dams, such as the Jabba dam.

The government plays an important role in ensuring food security. As seen from the     video, the people in Nigeria did not have the support from the government, as the    government did not control the prices, leading to price hikes during some seasons.

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Hui Yi, Mariam, Zulhilmi and Jia Le
1. Nigeria is experiencing lack of nutritious food, as seen from the video, which cited that the Nigerians do not have access to real seasoning, and have to use MSG instead, which is an unhealthy alternative.

2. Shortage of food is the result of lack of governmental support, which is amplified by extreme weather conditions, or droughts/lack of water for agriculture. Government pledged to build dams to channel water to farm lands to irrigate them. However, although the dams were build, there were not enough pumps built to channel water to these dams, thus the dams were useless. A dam is a must in a country like Nigeria

3. Various governmental agencies such as the Nigerian Meteorological Agency has advised farmers to use early maturing seeds for the shorter crop season

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Answer the questions in your group after watching the video and reading the article  in the following links:http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/mar/26/nigeria-food-crisis-short-rainy-season
Questions:
1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?
2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria? [Possible answers: dry season, lack of government support, price instability]
3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?

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FRED DE SAM LAZARO, correspondent: This busy food market in Mayadoua sits just inside Nigeria's northern border. A lot of produce, like these beans, is from neighboring Niger, even though that nation's 13 million people are often on the brink of starvation. The economics are simple: Prices are higher in oil-rich Nigeria.

But why is Nigeria even importing food? Agricultural produce used to be its main export. Now it must turn to neighbors to feed its growing population, already Africa's largest at 140 million.

Most Nigerians live on farms, but today many, like the extended Usman family, can barely provide for themselves. The rains provided a good crop of sorghum and maize this season, maybe enough to get through the dry season. But even as the ladies sing to celebrate a good crop, Ramatu Usman and Aisha Yusuf say each new year brings new uncertainty.

AISHA YUSUF SAY: We've had difficult times when rainfall was poor, when we had to rely on leaves and shrubs.

RAMATU USMAN: We pluck them, boil them, sprinkle with salt, sometimes eat them with peanut butter.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Not that the food they enjoy today is either bountiful or balanced. The U.N. says almost a third of Nigeria's young children are moderately to severely underweight.

In this family's main daily meal is a starchy porridge, flavored with chilies, dried tomatoes, and monosodium glutamate, or MSG, an additive that mimics the taste of meat, as they rarely have the real thing. The few goats and poultry are the savings account, sold to buy clothes or medicine or to pay for a wedding.

Much of the blame for the poor state of Nigerian agriculture lies with the successive military dictatorships, which since the 1970s promised, but never delivered, on grandiose modernization plans.

Muhammad Sabo Nanono heads a group of large farmers.

MUHAMMAD SABO NANONO, farm organizer: The focus was how to improve farming through a large-scale effort, as well as through the creation of facilities for dry-season farming. And this resulted in the construction of several dams in this country, in several irrigation schemes.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The Djibiya dam project was one part of the grand plan. Its canal network is supposed to water surrounding fields during the dry season, affording two crops a year instead of one. But much of the network is bone dry.

The water should be gushing through this canal. Instead, there's grass growing in it. The problem is that the electric supply is erratic around there and there's no diesel to run the pumps. No diesel in one of the world's most energy-rich nations.

A few fields have benefited in Djibiya, alongside sloped canals that get water through gravity. But Yusuf Suleiman, a nearby farmer, says many growers have been burned trying to plant dry-season crops.

YUSUF SULEIMAN, Farmer: There were times before when people were mobilized, activity took off very well, but, unfortunately, somewhere in the middle there was a scarcity of water, so some people lose whatever they might have put in to place.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Other farmers say they've been crippled by soaring costs of fertilizers, seeds, and especially diesel fuel.

KABIR ABUBAKER MATAZU, farmer (through translator): We used to get five gallons of diesel for two naira. Now it is 180 naira.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: In Katsina province, Kabir Abubaker Matazu has seen nothing but losses since buying 1,000 acres in the early 1970s.

KABIR ABUBAKER MATAZU (through translator): The aim was to go into mechanized farming, using tractors, et cetera. But as you can see, they are here lying idle; 1987 was the last time we cultivated the whole farm.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Matazu says the government has done little to assure farmers can recover their costs, let alone make a profit.

KABIR ABUBAKER MATAZU (through translator): There should be some control of price of commodities in the market. Farmers need support from government to find a market that will make it work. As it is, there is no control on prices. One season, the price is very low; another year, it's very high.

MUHAMMAD SABO NANONO: So the farmers are exposed to the vagaries of price volatility. Today, if maize was given more money, people will rush to maize next year, and then the price of maize will collapse.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: For decades, the government plan has been to stabilize prices by building a strategic reserve. That would enable it to buy grain and to store or release it into the marketplace to curb wild price swings.

GUIDO FIRETTI, Contractor: Well, this is the 25,000-ton strategic grain reserve for Kaduna. It's presently at 75 percent stage of completion.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: There were supposed to be about three dozen such facilities, but fewer than half were ever completed, and those that were, never been more than half-filled. This one was started 20 years ago, says Guido Firetti, whose Italian firm was hired to finish it.

GUIDO FIRETTI: I believe it was awarded in '89, '90, and construction started here in '91 and stopped in '92, due to some various problems. Some of their materials were missing. And since then, it has been in a state of non-completion, until recently, when it was re-awarded.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: It's one more symbol of a government flush with oil revenues that lost its bearings, says Sabo Nanono.

MUHAMMAD SABO NANONO: The reality of the situation is the easy money that we get from the oil industry has created more problems than solutions, that we became virtually a consumer nation rather than a productive nation. And that culminated into huge imports of actually rice, even maize, and also imports of all other luxury items.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: He says oil revenues went to buy everything that should have been made or grown here, policies that urbanized the country, even built a whole new capital city, Abuja.

Thomas Odemwingie is with the non-government group, Action Aid.

THOMAS ODEMWINGIE, Action Aid: A lot of the able-bodied people, you know, who otherwise were involved in our culture now are headed for the cities. The local people, what do they have to show for the big dams? You know, their poverty -- their situation never changes.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Who made the money with all these dams?

THOMAS ODEMWINGIE: Who made the money? The private, you know, contractors who got the contract to build the dams, and most of them are foreigners. They are foreign, you know, firms.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: There are glimmers of hope that things are turning around in a country that only in the last decade or so has moved from military to democratic rule.

Guido Firetti points out that projects like this silo are finally being completed.

GUIDO FIRETTI: And it is the first time in so many years that we are -- we are hearing that they want to increase capacity and they want to boost agriculture. And, of course, we have to believe them until we are proven wrong.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Farmer Yusuf Suleiman, a member of the ruling party, is betting things will turn around, that government will become more responsive. He's investing in a dry-season crop for the first time in years.

YUSUF SULEIMAN: The minister of water resources was in Djibiya about four weeks ago on this project, and he made a pledge that the government is going to supply all the facilities that are required for this irrigation plan.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: You're prepared to bet that this government will deliver the water you need this winter? YUSUF SULEIMAN: Inshallah, inshallah, by the grace of God.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: It's critical for the larger region that farmers like Suleiman succeed, that Nigeria begins to meet more of its own food needs. With its large population and oil revenues, there's widespread fear that Nigeria will increasingly crowd out its smaller, impoverished neighbors from the region's food market.

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The first in a series of reports from around the world about food, food policy, and food security: Nigeria, a country that has historically enjoyed food surpluses. That was before vast oil reserves were discovered.