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Early centuries were violent: Muslim invaders smashed Hindu and Buddhist temples. In the following centuries, substantial Muslim communities emerged in India where Hinduism was less integrated with culture

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Earliest converts were ruling elites of these kingdoms.Earliest converts were ruling elites of these kingdoms

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The Abbasid Caliphate (8th - 10th century)

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The Abbasid Caliphate (8th - 10th century)

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The Abbasid caliphate built a strong government bureaucracy to rule their empire.Muslim merchants expanded wealth by trading across Africa, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea.The caliphate fell in the tenth century due to the loss of their central authority

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Islam spread to Spain under the Umayyad Caliphate. Al-Andalus blended Roman, Germanic, Jewish, and Arabic traditions. Fine arts and sciences flourished

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Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control.Muslims are defeated at Poitiers in France by Charles Martel.The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads, shifting the seat of power to Baghdad.

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In 656 C.E, Ali becomes the caliph of the empire. After 5 years of reign he was assinated. soon after a powerful Meccan clan set up the umayyad caliphate. This dynasty of sunni caliphates ruled the Muslim Empire until 750 CE

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He was a successful trader who was visited by an angel while on retreat in a cave near Mecca. The angel recites to him the first revelations of the Quran and informs him that he is God's prophet. Later, Muhammad is told to call his people to the worship of the one God, but they react with hostility and begin to persecute him and his followers.
After enduring persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to the nearby town of Medina, where the people there accepted Islam.