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Lio was Minerva’s special friend who went into hiding but, while proposing to Dede in the backseat of the car, he gave her a card that was meant to be delivered to Minerva, but Dede read it before passing it on to her. In chapter five, “Dedé took the chimney off the lamp, and with a trembling hand, fed the letter to the flame.The paper lit up” (Alvarez 1994, 72). At the moment, Dede was thinking of what was best for her sister but she didn’t realize that Minerva’s decisions were for her to make. After burning the letter she knew the guilt she would have to carry for the rest of her life and so that night was very burdened for her.

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In chapter 12 the story reveals a flashback. In the text it states “on august 6,1960 my family arrived in new york city” (Alverez,1995,p.253). and another  quote that lets you know this is a flashback is “my father had participated in an underground plot that was cracked by SIM, Trujillo's famous secret police”(Alverez,1995,p.253).these two quotes definitely let the reader know this is a flashback or a moment that they might dwell on. the way u can tell there flashbacks is because they are not speaking as if it was present tense. one quote says on august 6, 1960 thats a date were there referring to that has already passed. and the other says  my father had which and if there using had that means it has already happened

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In chapter 12 the story reveals a flashback. In the text it states “on august 6,1960 my family arrived in new york city” (Alverez,1995,p.253). and another  quote that lets you know this is a flashback is “my father had participated in an underground plot that was cracked by SIM, Trujillo's famous secret police”(Alverez,1995,p.253).these two quotes definitely let the reader know this is a flashback or a moment that they might dwell on. the way u can tell there flashbacks is because they are not speaking as if it was present tense. one quote says on august 6, 1960 thats a date were there referring to that has already passed. and the other says  my father had which and if there using had that means it has already happened

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In chapter 3, Maria gets a diary where she writes about what keeps  happening through out her life making the book her bestfriend. This book consists of dairy entries of Maria and it symbolizes how it's become an important part of her life as she has many secrets on it and if it becomes expose it could cause a lot of problems in her life. As to Minerva sneaking out and going to her secret meetings Maria still doesn't get what she is trying to do even after Minerva told her the bad things their president has done she can't come to hate him. Here she is portraited as naïve but also to young to understand. From what we get at the end is now she knows about the things happening around her and how she has to bury the book therefore it wouldn't put them in dangerous situations.

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In chapter two the author uses figurative language to show the reader how one of the main characters feels about being sent to school. “... same angel that announced to Mary that she was pregnant with God and got her to be glad about it,” (Alvarez, 1995, 20) Somehow this character was not at all excited. It turns out though, by some fate she was excited to go to school. 

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In chapter two the author uses figurative language to show the reader how one of the main characters feels about being sent to school. “... same angel that announced to Mary that she was pregnant with God and got her to be glad about it,” (Alvarez, 1995, 20) Somehow this character was not at all excited. It turns out though, by some fate she was excited to go to school. 

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In Chapter 8 Patria mentions that she disappears in what she loves. In the book it reads, “Pedrito took on a certain gravity became an important man around here. And I, Patria Mercedes? Like every woman of her house, I disappeared into what I loved, coming up now and then for air.” (Alvarez, 1994, pg.123) The use of figurative language is shown in this quote, particularly when she compares her love towards her family as her disappearing. This means she lost herself by giving all her attention and love for what’s important to her. When she mentions “coming up now and then for air” she’s referring to her still going out with friends or doing something special with her appearance.

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In chapter 6, Alvarez begins to shift the story. Alvarez has Minerva using metaphors of their non reality situations. "What did I want? I didn't know anymore. Three years stuck in Ojo de Agua, and I was like that princess put to sleep in the fairy tale. I read and complained and argued with Dede, but all that time I was snoring away. "When I met Lio, it was as if I woke up. The givens, all I'd been taught, fell away like so many covers when you sit up in bed." Minerva, of all the sisters, represents a reversal in the traditional role of women, so it's interesting that Alvarez has her use the metaphor of a princess in a fairy tale. Lio, the revolutionary, inspires her and alters her life's trajectory. Waking up represents realizing how she can participate in the revolution and bring about change in her own life by having something to focus on rather than "snoring away," as well as how she can bring about change in the Dominican Republic. This eventually became Minervas wake up call.

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In Chapter 1, it opens on Dede who is the only surviving sister doing an interview. She uses flashbacks throughout this chapter to show she's still stuck in the past. Dede thought back to “Mama’s bedroom, mine and Patria’s but mostly mine since Patria married so young, Minerva and Maria Teresa’s. The other bedroom she does not say was her fathers after he and Mama stopped sleeping together. There are the three pictures of the girls, old favorites that are now emblazoned on the posters every November, making these once intimate snapshots seem too famous to be the sisters she knew” (Alvarez, 1994, 16). The use of flashbacks throughout the chapter is to provide little memories and tidbits of information, but also characterizes Dede after the incident. She is stuck in the past, and can fall back into it easily where simply walking by the bedroom is prone to her because it makes her dwell on the past. This use of flashbacks also serves to foreshadow how the main story starts where the interviewer asks Dede about a moment from her past. This causes a flashback, and then we start on a scene from the past.

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In chapter 4 Symbolism is used to describe their view on religion. My immortal soul wants to take the whole blessed world in! But, of course, it was my body, hungering, biding its time against the tyranny of my spirit.”(Alvarez, 1994, p.46). This shows how they view their world, they view it in a way that represent of what they think of their religion. This is shown by the fact that it says “ My immortal soul wants to take the whole blessed world” this means that they see the world as blessed place where they belong. Though they know that isn't the case due to  Tyranny of people.

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In Chapter 10, we find out Patria lost everything due to Trujillo's ruling. In the text, it states, “All at once, I lost my home, my husband, my son, my peace of mind” (Alvarez, 1995, p.g. 162). The author, Julia Alvarez, utilizes the rhetorical device: pathos. She makes us feel sympathetic towards Patria’s current situation. Patria lost the essential pieces in her life that simultaneously gave her courage and bravery to overcome life’s obstacles. Now that she no longer has tranquility, she’s living her life on the edge. The government she once looked for to provide peace is torturing her and her family. I comprehend how it feels to lose a family member, but losing all the people most significant in your life along with now a home turned to ashes must feel excruciating.

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After the explosion Patria came to the conclusion that her prayer will no longer suffice this rebellion. In chapter 8 Patria expresses,” But my prayers sounded more like I was picking a fight… Patria Mercedes, who wouldn’t hurt a butterfly, shouting, ”Amen to the revolution.” (Alvarez 1994, 133, 137). This shows how the mood in chapter 8 was changed in that moment by the words she expressed. From the beginning the sister’s have been set to have certain characteristics such as Patria being the religious one. After some time we get to see how the sisters grow but what is different about Patria is that she had to course through her vain for her to not only realize that religious and praying is no longer going to cut it but using religion as a double edged sword.

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In Chapter 8, the story revolves around Patria, who is the older sister who wants nothing more than to live together. She is also the most pious

, doing what God said she should do. “He built a house on the rock, please say, do the best you can. Although it rains, floods and the wind blows, the house of the good wife still stands. I did what he told me ”(Álvarez, 1944, p. 123). ). Patria spoke of building a house on a rock, which is a symbol of a solid platform. Symbolism is used here to describe how Patria makes her life come true through things she knows will not be destroyed. She is about marrying Pedrito at 16 to make sure she has a man to take care of her so she can have children too.

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In Chapter 2, it uses the literary device “Mood” to describe Papa’s sadness his daughters are going away. In the text it cites that, ”For days he quoted me, shaking his head sadly and concluding, “A daughter is a needle in the heart (Pg.21, Alvarez, 1994).” This shows the literary device chosen since, it quotes how Papa shakes his head sadly, which means it saddens him the sudden departure of his daughters, which was mostly unexpected. It was unexpected since they only had chosen for Patria to go to Inmaculada Concepcion, but his other daughters had propose for him to go which he accepted. Papa accepted their desire to go to school, however he did not want their daughters to go away as he loved his daughters and it wouldn’t be easy for him, if they went away. It also cites that this quote was quoted by him for days, which means it wasn’t something for him to get over, due to the behavioral factor of repeating an action which represent a feeling of sadness for days.

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In the time of the Butterflies by Julia Alvarez, in chapter 1, she uses foreshadowing. On page 10 of chapter 1 quotes, "A chill goes through her, for she feels it in her bones, the future is now beginning. By the time it is over, it will be the past, and she doesn't want to be the only one left to tell their story." (Alverez, 1994, p. 59). Dede feels this chill as her family moves inside from under the anacahuita tree, where they have been relaxing after her father mistakenly mentions Trujillo's name in an unfavorable way. For Dede in 1994, this is "the moment she has fixed in her memory as zero," when the events that led to the deaths of her sisters began. Already there are spies who can report the family to Security for her father's negative comment. This quotation also foreshadows the known outcome of the family's history: earlier in the chapter, it has been established that Dede is, in fact, "the only one left to tell their story."

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One of the literary or rhetorical device that was in chapter 3 was a Simile. In chapter 3 it says, “You are so pretty with a mother of pearl cover and a little latch like a prayer book.” ( Alvarez 1994 34). This shows that the author is comparing Minerva to a prayer book which is also signaling that she is a devoted person to her religion. Another thing is that María liked her religion so much that she will get to the point that she compares someone to a prayer book. Last thing, this quote help shows that in some eyes a prayerbook is very beautiful and able to compare to other people.

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In chapter 3 we see Maria Theresa who conveys her story in her book with details that show symbolism for how tightly controlled the country is. Maria Theresa is caught trying to give her book away ,so it can be buried, by Trujilo supporter "Here ends my little book, Goodbye..."(Alverez 1944, 44) The symbolism that is shown here is censorship of her information in the book or overall saying anything that can provoke Trujilo. Maria Theresa's little book contian little to no information about trujilo but with how heavy the rule and censorship is whatever she wrote in it can be met with dire consequences. This makes the whole chapter work for symbolism of control and how much the people like Maria Theresa who live under Trujilo will do to do these things.

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In chapter 5, Dede is talking to the interview woman and while asking questions, she gets stuck thinking about the old days and how things used to be before when she had all of her sisters. “Afterwards, Dedé confessed that she did know where Lío Morales now lived.” (Alvarez, 1994, p. 59), ““So when did all the problems start?” The interview woman’s voice calls Dedé back to the present moment. Again, Dedé feels as if the woman has been eerily reading her thoughts. “What problems?” she asks, an edge to her voice. Whatever feelings she once had for Lío never became a problem for anyone, even for herself. She had taken care of that. “I mean the problems with the regime. When did these problems start?” The woman speaks in a soft voice as if she suspects she is intruding. Dedé apologizes. “My mind wanders.”” (Alvarez, 1994, p. 59-60). In this quote, it shows how while in the present time, Dede is having an interview with the woman but as she asks questions, it takes her back to the past and keeps the author keeps the story there as if it is present tense. The author using the literary device, flashback, it is able to show how much Dede misses the past and how strongly she remembers it and is still affected by it. Just by simply talking about, Dede can get stuck in her memories as if it were still the present.

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A literary or rhetorical device that was used in chapter 10 is Pathos. “The first day was the hardest. I was crazy with grief, all right. When Dedé and Tono walken me into the house, all I wanted to do was lie down and die. I could hear the babies crying far and voices calming them and Noris sobbing along with her aunt Mate, and all their grief pulled me back from mine.” (Alvarez 1994 162). This shows that Patria is very sad and depressed after she lost her family. This then causes her to have grief over everything that happened and want to die and not to suffer any more. This can relate with the audience due to their being people that may have lost everything and able to relate on what is happening.

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Chapter 3 of the book is another book, a diary of Maria Theresa who’s storytelling medium itself is symbolism for how controlling the country is. Maria Theresa in light of a Trujilo activist getting caught giving her book to be buried away, “Here ends my little book, Goodbye…”(Alverez, 1994, 44).This symbolism shows how the censoring of information is taking place, and the fear people lived in under Trujilo rule. The diary itself doesn’t contain any provocative information, but anything in it can and will be used against Maria Theresa if it were to be found, forcing her to bury it and hide it. This effectively makes the whole chapter a symbolism for the control and fear that Trujilo has over people, and why the Mirabel sisters opposed him.

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In chapter 7, we get to see more of Mate’s personality. She is still girlish and obsessed with boys but now we see her grief after her father’s death. She remarks, “The night after Manolo came to dinner, I had the same bad dream about Papá. Except when I pulled out all the pieces of the wedding dress, Papá’s face shifted, and it wasn’t Papá anymore, but Manolo!” (Alvarez, 1994, p. 106) Mate’s father cheated on her mother and had four girls, the eldest close in age with her. They all came to his funeral and Mate was not very happy to see them there. After that day, she had a dream about her wedding dress in her father’s coffin and now she has that same dream but with Manolo in the coffin. This recurring dream is symbolism to Mate being wary of the loyalty of men. She is afraid that other men she is fond of will be like her father and cheat on their wives.

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In chapter eleven the novel shifts to Mate's experience in the prison with her sister Minerva and the emotion she is feeling. In the novel it quotes, “The fear is the worse part. Every time I hear footsteps coming down the hall, or the clink of the key turning in the lock, I’m tempted to curl up in the comer like a hurt animal, whimpering, wanting to be safe. But I know if I do that, I’ll be giving in to a low part of myself, and I’ll feel even less human. And that is what they want to do, yes, that is what they want to do”,(Alvarez, 1960, p182). The use of symbolism throughout the novel, particularly the comparison between Mate and a hurting animal locked in a cage, helps the reader understand the position Mate is enduring in her country. Mate explains she wants to curl up and cry for help like a hurt animal crying for safety but she chose to refuse to be in that position. Mate won't allow herself to feel that way because she knows that will empower Trujillo and will make her feel less human.

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Alvarez uses Figurative language in her book. In the story it reads, “Words repeated, distorted, words recreated by those who might bear them a grudge, words stitched to words until they are the winding sheet the family will be buried in when their bodies are found dumped in a ditch, their tongues cut off for speaking too much.” (Alvarez, 1995, page 19). Alvarez uses figurative language to describe the paranoia of the Dominic Republic during Trujillo’s rule. She establishes the family’s fear of someone overhearing their conversation. She states how their words could be distorted into rumors by people who dislike them, and eventually get to Trujillo. She puts an emphasis on how those rumors could kill them by saying that those woven words could become the very sheet over their dead, tortured bodies.