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https://humanorigins.si.edu/research/whats-hot-human-origins/oldest-use-stone-tools

https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/human-origins/neanderthal-tools

https://www.history.com/news/hunter-gatherer-tools-breakthroughs

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I learned that human ancestors used tools to gather food and scrape things. I also learned that the cro-magnons had the most advanced tools of all human ancestors.

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VIST is an an acronym for variation, inheritance, selection, and time. Natural selection is when organisms that are better suited to the environment survive longer. Mutation is when a genes structure changes. Mutations almost always affect organisms negatively. Sexual selection is when one sex of a species selects another as its mate due to its characteristics. Genetic drift is when certain traits disappear when the organisms with them die or do not reproduce. The bottleneck effect is when a species goes through an event that lowers its population significantly. Founder effect is when the genetic diversity is reduced due to a small starting population. Homologous structures are structures that are similar in different organisms because they descended from a common ancestor. Vestigial organs are organs that have no real purpose because only the ancestor of the organism had a use for them. Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny is the hypothesis that the embryo of an animal goes through stages that resemble adult stages of the animals ancestors. Molecular evolution is when the composition of cellular molecules like DNA, RNA, or proteins change.

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The tools that both of these ancestors used are extremely primitive, but the homo habilis tools were better due to them being more sharp to scrape and chop things. The afarensis tools are just rocks.

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The tools used by both of these ancestors are primitive, but they are more advanced than their older counterparts. The robustus used bone shards to dig for termites. The homo erectus made sharp tools from stones. The robustus tools were more primitive due to them just being bones from creatures that they killed.

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They are both relatively advanced, but the cro-magnons had fishhooks and more complex tools than the neanderthals.

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I will be comparing and contrasting the tools based on complexity.

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The cro-magnons used the most advanced tools of all human ancestors. They used bows, fishhooks, fish spears, and harpoons.

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The neanderthals made advanced tools with stones and adhesives.

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The homo erectus made stone tools that were less primitive as their older counterparts.

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The homo habilis might have used small stone tools for scraping and chopping.

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The boisei did not use tools, but the robustus used bones to dig into termite mounds.

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The africanus did not make or use any tools as far as we know.(Therefore they will not be included in the tool contrast section.)

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The afarensis didn't really use stone tools. They used rocks to gather food.