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that involves relentless order maintenance and aggressive law enforcement, against even minor crimes and incivilities.

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two men were jailed for four years for using Facebook to incite riots and another was given 18 months for having a stolen TV in his car.

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help limit and control deviant individuals who have engaged in anti-social behaviour. They include curfews and banning people from certain places. In 2014, the Anti-social behaviour, crime and policing act replaces the ASBO's. It has broader powers including injunctions and closure of premises where anti-social or criminal behaviour is witnessed.

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anti social behaviour orders were introduced to to correct minor acts of deviance which would not ordinarily warrant criminal prosecution.
ASBO were giving out for things like, drunken or threatening behaviour, vandalism and graffiti and playing loud music at night. getting an ASBO means you wont be allowed to do certain things, including, going to a certain place, e.g. your town centre, spending time with people who are known for making trouble, and drinking in the street.

a criticism of this is that it gives people a criminal record for not actually doing anything criminal, you can then also go to jail for breaching the order.

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In many cases, anti-social behaviour can be resolved without the need for legal action. Instead  officers can issue warnings and penalties

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An anti-social behaviour order (ASBO) is a civil order made against a person who has been shown, on the balance of evidence, to have engaged in anti-social behaviour.

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The criminal behaviour order (among other things) replaced ASBOs in 2014 – these still require a person to abstain from antisocial behaviour but also stipulate that the person receiving the order undergo some kind course of corrective treatment (such as an anger management course).

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It's an order given out by a court to stop a person from behaving in certain ways or doing certain things. It's not meant to be a punishment, but it's more of a warning to prevent further stress and alarm caused by anti-social behaviour.

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In the UK Zero Tolerance has been applied in Liverpool, a relatively high-crime rate city. Following its introduction in 2005, overall recorded crime fell by 25.7 per cent in the three years to 2008 with violent crime falling by 38%.

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The London Nail Bomber

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enforcing this in New York meant that the overall crime recorded dropped by 25.7 in 3 years.

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Zero tolerance policing occurred in London after the The UK Riots (London riots 2011)

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- Designed to change the environment within which crime occurs, rather than changing the attitudes of offenders.
- more effective when directed at reducing crimes such as theft and are not as useful for violent crimes.
-active monitoring, by operators who monitor the cameras in real time.
-passive monitoring, CCTV systems that regularly scan an area and produce a record that can be examined later.

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seeks to reduce the harms caused by crime through altering immediate or situational factors in environments where crime regularly occurs.
For example, installing surveillance equipment in areas that experience a lot of vandalism.

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Focuses on the point at which potential victims and criminals come together which makes it harder for criminals to commit crimes. It also increases the risk of getting caught.
Increase surveillance and target hardening
It only tackles opportunistic street crime, not white collar crime

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This involves the police clamping down on minor offences such as littering and graffiti in order to prevent bigger crimes. This approach was first used in New York in 1994 when the city was experiencing high levels of drug use and anti social behaviour, and within a few years crime rates had dropped by around 30-50%

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CCTV helped the case of The murder of James Bulger

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Situational crime prevention us used to try reduce opportunities for crime. It looks at “opportunity-reducing measures that involve the management of the immediate environment in as systematic and permanent a way as possible, making committing a crime more difficult and risky, or less rewarding and excusable as judged by a wide range of offenders.
This can be achieved by implementing CCTV in areas of high crime.

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Focuses more on the immediate opportunities for offending. Situational crime prevention seeks to reduce the harms caused by crime through altering immediate or situational factors in the environments where crime regularly occurs. Some examples of situational prevention in effect include installing surveillance equipment in areas that experience a lot of vandalism.

Zero Tolerance Policing
Zero-tolerance is a policing strategy that involves relentless order maintenance and aggressive law enforcement, against even minor crimes and incivilities.
Zero tolerance policing has been applied in Liverpool, a relatively high-crime rate city. Following its introduction in 2005, overall recorded crime fell by 25.7% in the three years to 2008 with violent crime falling by 38%.

Antisocial behaviour
An antisocial behaviour order (ASBO) is an order, given out by a court, to stop a person from behaving in certain ways or doing certain things. They were introduced in 2003. These powers included putting a curfew on an individual and banning them from certain locations

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The crime rate had been falling in New York since 1985 - nine years before zero-tolerance.
New York's shortage of serious crime led police there to 'define deviance up'. They took to arresting peple for minor deviant acts that had previously fallen out of their 'net', re-labelling them now as worthy of punishment.

Then, after the introduction of zero tolerance in 1994, police and politicians then wrongly claimed that cracking down on these minor crimes had been the cause of the decline.
The 'success' of zero tolerance was just a product of the police's way of coping witha decline that had already occured

Young argues that zero tolerance's 'success' was in fact a myth, arguing that police needed arrests to justify their existence and to take credit for the falling crime.

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A policing strategy that involves aggressive law enforcement against even minor crimes:
In New York in 1994 the city was in the middle of a crack-🤬 epidemic and suffered from high levels of violent crime. Zero tolerance policing was introduced and within a few years crime had dropped from between 30%-50%.
Zero tolerance policing has also been introduces in Liverpool, a relatively high crime rate city. Overall crime fell by 25.7% in 2005 after it was introduced.

The biggest strength of Zero Tolerance Policing is hat it works, as the figures show, crime rate fell after it was introduced, and quickly.
Its also a relatively cheap.

The weakness are after it was introduced in New York, more people were being arrested for possession of marijuana (25,000 a year by 2012, which is one every 10 minutes) - some of these people lost their jobs or homes, this could then link in with labelling theory and secondary deviance, meaning that these people could have found it hard to come back into society which could have led to a deviant career and self fulfilling prophecy.

Another issue is that the right wing government could have overestimated how influential zero tolerance policing was as a comparative analysis shows that there were other causes of crime reduction. Crime has gone down in cities in the US and UK without using widespread zero tolerance policing techniques. Target hardening, increased time people spend on their phones (so less time on the streets), declining use of drugs, etc

Zero tolerance could also become racist- 85% of people dealt with under zero tolerance in New York were black or Hispanic

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This focuses on preventing crime by altering the environmental factors where crime usually occurs, for example CCTV. A reason why this might not be effective however is because crime can move to a different area once the criminals realise that strategies have taken place to try and prevent it

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Aims to increase the effort and offender must go through to carry out a crime, along with the risks the offender must face if they complete the crime.

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Target hardening - this decreases the opportunity for crime with measures such as CCTV, window locks and car security features.

some areas are designed with features that make it impossible to commit common crimes, for example, sloping seats at bus shelters prevent people from sleeping on them, and a more extreme example, is the use of homeless spikes to deter people from certain places.

A problem with this is, although it may prevent certain crimes in a specific situation, it is likely to just move elsewhere.