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When an atom has a full valance shell by gaining or losing electrons

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When an atom has a full valance shell by borrowing or sharing electrons

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When an atom acheves a full valance shell by losing electrons

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When an atom has a full valance shell by losing electrons

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is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons

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Atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons.

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A system for arranging the chemical elements.

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Shiny, silvery metal, not as soft as the the alkali metals, in group 2 on the periodic table

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Shiny, soft, silvery elements, very reactive with water; group 1 in the periodic table.

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The average molar mass of an element's atoms, including the elements isotopes.

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An element that forms molecules made up only of its own atoms.

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Electron/s in the outermost energy level of an atom.

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Element with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

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Atoms bond in such a way as to have eight electrons in the valance energy level.

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Characteristic of a substance that doesn't allow electrons to pass through it, but either absorbs or scatters the electrons.

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Non-metals in group 17 in the periodic table.

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Chemical reaction that absorbs energy.

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occurs when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.

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one element is substituted for another element in a compound, generating a new element

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a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

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the formation of one mole of a substance from its constituent elements.

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a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.

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a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.

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Ends in "Ide", Begins with hydro ends with ic. Ends with "Ate" becomes "ic", ends with "ate" becomes "ous".

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Count the hydrogens on each substance before and after the reaction. If the number of hydrogens has decreased that substance is the acid.

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Acids taste sour, conduct electricity when dissolved in water, and react with metals to produce hydrogen gas. Acids turn blue litmus paper red. The strength of acids is measured on the pH scale. We can tell if a substance is an acid if it  starts with H or ends with

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Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Bases turn red litmus paper blue. The strength of bases is measured on the pH scale. we can tell that the formula is a base if it ends with OH.

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How fast an object is moving. The formula is speed = distance ÷ time

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Velocity is a measure of both speed and direction of motion. Velocity is a vector, which is a measurement that includes both size and direction.  average velocity = displacement / change in time

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Distance is the measure of how much ground an object has covered during its motion.

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How far out of place an object has moved from its starting point.

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Is an increasing speed or increasing magnitude of velocity of moving body. For example an aeroplane accelerating for take off.

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When an object is slowing down, the acceleration is in the opposite direction as the velocity. negative acceleration means you will subtract from the current value of the velocity

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if it travels equal distances in equal intervals of time it has uniform motion.

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Non-uniform motion occurs when an object travels different distances in equal time intervals. This happens when the object is speeding up or slowing down, so its velocity is changing.

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A quantity which does not depend on direction is called a scalar quantity. It DOES NOT inculde direction.

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Vector quantities have two characteristics, a magnitude and a direction. Scalar quantities have only a magnitude. Vector INCLUDES direction.

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The formula for speed is speed = distance(m) ÷ time(s).

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Calculating acceleration involves dividing velocity by time. Dividing the meter per second [m/s] by the second [s].