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colors are incorrectly refracted by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should.

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Posterization of an image is the conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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A Moiré pattern is an interference pattern produced by overlaying similar but slightly offset templates. A simple example is obtained by taking two identical ruled transparent sheets of plastic, superposing them, and rotating one about its center as the other is held fixed.

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Artifacts are a noticeable distortion of media caused by the application of lossy compression.

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Barrel Lens Distortion / Pincushion Distortion

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Barrel Lens Distortion / Pincushion Distortion

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this is an effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles. This effect causes the image to spherize, which means that the edges of the photo look curved and bowed to the human eye.

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APS-C cameras use a smaller area to form the image than traditional 35 mm cameras, and so lenses used on APS-C format cameras have a correspondingly narrower field of view.

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A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera with a 35 mm image sensor format.

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.

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“Crop factor” is the ratio of the sensor size to 35mm / full-frame (see below). You take the provided crop factor number, multiply it with the focal length of the lens and you get the equivalent focal length relative to 35mm film / full-frame.

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an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

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a trend in sculpture and painting that arose in the 1950s and used simple, typically massive, forms.

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art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

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new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

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a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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the action of taking something for one's own use, typically without the owner's permission.

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is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.

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A still life is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural or man-made.

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involves the taking of photographs for commercial uses (product shots, head-shots, etc). These photographs are often used for the promotional marketing of a business including website placement, product previews, and business card/marketing material images.

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Aerial photography is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object.