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Book: Achieving Aboriginal Student Success Gr. K - 8

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Book: Achieving Aboriginal Student Success Gr. K - 8

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Achieving Aboriginal Student Success presents goals and strategies needed to support Aboriginal learners in the classroom. This book is for all teachers of kindergarten to grade 8 who have Aboriginal students in their classrooms or who are looking for ways to infuse an Aboriginal worldview into their curriculum. Although the author's primary focus is the needs of Aboriginal students, the ideas are best practices that can be applied in classroom-management techniques, assessment tools, suggestions for connecting to the Aboriginal community, and much more! The strategies and information in this resource are about building bridges between cultures that foster respect, appreciation, and understanding.

A recommended resource for School District 36 (Surrey, BC) teachers

The eBook is available in pdf format.

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Achieving Aboriginal Student Success presents goals and strategies needed to support Aboriginal learners in the classroom. This book is for all teachers of kindergarten to grade 8 who have Aboriginal students in their classrooms or who are looking for ways to infuse an Aboriginal worldview into their curriculum.

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Book: Achieving Indigenous Student Success Gr. 9 - 12

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Book: Achieving Indigenous Student Success Gr. 9 - 12

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In Achieving Indigenous Student Success, author Pamela Toulouse provides strategies, lessons, and hands-on activities that support both Indigenous and non-Indigenous learners in the secondary classroom. While the author's primary focus is the needs of Indigenous students, this book is for all teachers of grades 9-12 who are looking for ways to infuse Indigenous world-views into their courses. Ideas include wise practices such as retention/transition/graduation planning, differentiated instruction, assessment, and equity instruction. Using appropriate themes for curricular connections, the author presents a culturally relevant and holistic approach that helps to build bridges between cultures and fosters self-esteem in all students.

The eBook is available in ePub and pdf.

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In Achieving Indigenous Student Success, author Pamela Toulouse provides strategies, lessons, and hands-on activities that support both Indigenous and non-Indigenous learners in the secondary classroom. While the author's primary focus is the needs of Indigenous students, this book is for all teachers of grades 9-12 who are looking for ways to infuse Indigenous world-views into their courses.

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21 Things you might not know about the Indian Act 

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21 Things you might not know about the Indian Act 

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"The great aim of our legislation has been to do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects with the other inhabitants of the Dominion as speedily as they are fit to change." - John A Macdonald, 1887

Many laws affecting Aboriginal Peoples were combined in 1876 to become the Indian Act. The Act gave Canada a coordinated approach to Indian policy rather than the pre-Confederation piece-meal approach.

Here is a permission slip that would have be required to leave the reserve. Although specifically not a law or regulation under the Indian Act, the Indian Act gave power to the federal government and its representatives, like the Indian Agent, to implement and enforce policies such as needing a pass to leave the reserve. It certainly is something that not many people would have known about the Indian Act.

The Indian agent, acting under the authority of the Indian Act, played a key role in the distribution of land, replacing traditional names for "easier" identification and altering traditional and hereditary forms of government, among other actions and restrictions.

The Indian Ac t has been a lightning rod for criticism and controversy over the years, widely attacked by First Nations people and communities for its regressive and paternalistic excesses. For example, Indians living on reserves don't own the land they live on; assets on reserve are not subject to seizure under legal process making it extremely difficult to borrow money to purchase assets; and, matrimonial property laws don't apply to assets on reserve. On the other hand, it has also been widely attacked by non-Aboriginal Peoples and politicians as being too paternalistic and creating an unjust system with excessive costs that are considered uneconomical.

Here are some of the restrictions and impacts imposed on First Nations (some have since been removed in revisions of the Act).

The Indian Act:

1. could expropriate portions of reserves for roads, railways and other public works, as well as to move an entire reserve away from a municipality if it was deemed expedient;

2. could lease out uncultivated reserve lands to non-First Nations if the new leaseholder would use it for farming or pasture;

3. forbade First Nations from forming political organizations;

4. prohibited anyone, First Nation or non-First Nation, from soliciting funds for First Nation legal claims without special license from the Superintendent General. (this 1927 amendment granted the government control over the ability of First Nations to pursue land claims); [2]

5. prohibited the sale of alcohol to First Nations;

6. prohibited sale of ammunition to First Nations;

7. prohibited pool hall owners from allowing First Nations entrance;

8. forbade First Nations from speaking their native language;

9. forbade First Nations from practicing their traditional religion;

10. forbade western First Nations from appearing in any public dance, show, exhibition, stampede or pageant wearing traditional regalia; [3]

11. is a piece of legislation created under the British rule for the purpose of subjugating one race - Aboriginal people.

Major amendments were made to the Act in 1951 and 1985. In the 1951 amendments, the banning of dances and ceremonies, and the pursuit of claims against the government were removed. In the 1985, Bill C-31C-31 was introduced. For more on this Bill, please see "Indian Act and Women's Status - Discrimination via Bill C31 and Bill C3"

The Indian Act imposed great personal and cultural tragedy on First Nations, many of which continue to affect communities, families and individuals today.

Listen to my dad, Chief Dr. Robert Joseph, talk about Anti-Potlatching here. https://youtu.be/ge_pM9k1CPs

CBC | Aboriginal news has also posted this article; click here to view.

[1] Section 99 (1) of the Indian Act of 1880,

[2] Section 141 of the Indian Act of 1927

[3] Section 140 of the Indian Act of 1927

[4] Section 3 of the Indian Act of 1880

Thanks for reading this blog article. Here are some of the references we used:

An Act for the gradual enfranchisement of Indians, the better management of Indian affairs, and to extend the provisions of the Act 31st Victoria, Chapter 42. [Assented to 22nd June, 1869.]

CHAP. 18. - An Act to amend and consolidate the laws respecting Indians.

Aboriginal people: history of discriminatory laws

If you're looking for some more free resources to support your goal to learn more about Indigenous Peoples, check out our Free Resources page - you can download ebooks, sign up for info specific emails, access our blog and subscribe to our monthly Indigenous Relations Bulletin.

Edited September 4, 2016

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21 Things You May Not Have Known About The Indian Act

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"The great aim of our legislation has been to do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects with the other inhabitants of the Dominion as speedily as they are fit to change." - John A Macdonald , 1887 Many laws affecting Aboriginal Peoples were combined in 1876 to become the Indian Act .

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Empowering Communities To Teach, Learn & Sustain Their Languages

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We empower communities around the world to teach, learn, and sustain their endangered languages.

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Home - Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba

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WELCOME The Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba is a neutral body created through a partnership between the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs (AMC) and Canada with a mandate to strengthen, rebuild and enhance the Treaty relationship and mutual respect as envisaged by the Treaty Parties. Learn more about us >

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Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada

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Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada

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The TRC website has been archived using the Wayback Machine software. You can view the archived version by clicking here.

The Wayback Machine is an archive system for websites. The archived TRC website will work like a normal website, however, it is not being maintained with current information. The Wayback Machine banner will appear at the top of the webpages, you can close it by clicking the x in the top right corner.

For up-to-date information on the NCTR, please utilize the NCTR website and archive:

Sign Up for Our Newsletter

Stay informed  about NCTR and our upcoming events.

NCTR's spirit name - bezhig miigwan, meaning "one feather".

Bezhig miigwan calls upon us to see each Survivor coming to the NCTR as a single eagle feather and to show those Survivors the same respect and attention an eagle feather deserves. It also teaches we are all in this together - we are all one, connected, and it is vital to work together to achieve reconciliation.

NCTR is located on the original lands of Anishinaabeg, Cree, Oji-Cree, Dakota, and Dene peoples, and on the homeland of the Métis Nation.

The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation sits in the heart of Turtle Island and as a national organization we strive to represent and serve all of Turtle Island's people.

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The TRC website has been archived using the Wayback Machine software. You can view the archived version by clicking here. The Wayback Machine is an archive system for websites.

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Professional Development & Community Engagement

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This course will help you envision how Indigenous histories, perspectives, worldviews, and approaches to learning can be made part of the work we do in classrooms, organizations, communities, and our everyday experiences in ways that are thoughtful and respectful. In this course, reconciliation emphasizes changing institutional structures, practices, and policies, as well as personal and professional ideologies to create environments that are committed to strengthening our relationships with Indigenous peoples.

For educators, this means responding to educational reforms that prioritize improved educational outcomes for Indigenous learners. In addition, educators must support all learners to develop their knowledge and understanding of Indigenous people's worldviews and cultures as a basis for creating equitable and inclusive learning spaces. To support these goals, teachers, administrators, young people, school staff, and researchers will learn from Indigenous Elders, educational leaders, and culturally relevant learning resources as part of their experiences in this MOOC.

For others who want to build their own competence and the capacity of those around them to engage in relationships with Indigenous peoples based on intercultural understanding, empathy, and respect, this course will help get you started in this process.

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Reconciliation Through Indigenous Education | Free Online Course

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This course will help you envision how Indigenous histories, perspectives, worldviews, and approaches to learning can be made part of the work we do in classrooms, organizations, communities, and our everyday experiences in ways that are thoughtful and respectful.

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Indigenous Canada is a 12-lesson Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) that explores Indigenous histories and contemporary issues in Canada. From an Indigenous perspective, this course explores key issues facing Indigenous peoples today from a historical and critical perspective highlighting national and local Indigenous-settler relations. Topics for the 12 lessons include the fur trade and other exchange relationships, land claims and environmental impacts, legal systems and rights, political conflicts and alliances, Indigenous political activism, and contemporary Indigenous life, art and its expressions.

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Indigenous Canada is a 12-lesson Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) that explores Indigenous histories and contemporary issues in Canada. From an Indigenous perspective, this course explores key issues facing Indigenous peoples today from a historical and critical perspective highlighting national and local Indigenous-settler relations.

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Intended for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal learners, this course will explore indigenous ways of knowing and how they can benefit all students. Topics include historical, social, and political issues in Aboriginal education; terminology; cultural, spiritual and philosophical themes in Aboriginal worldviews; and how Aboriginal worldviews can inform professional programs and practices, including but not limited to the field of education.

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Aboriginal Worldviews and Education | Coursera

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Intended for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal learners, this course will explore indigenous ways of knowing and how they can benefit all students. Topics include historical, social, and political issues in Aboriginal education; terminology; cultural, spiritual and philosophical themes in Aboriginal worldviews; and how Aboriginal worldviews can inform professional programs and practices, including but not limited to the field of education.