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Q2. To sound like a certain race means you use words, phrases and pronunciation that are peculiar to a certain race or ethnicity. The perception can be negative, positive or neutral depending on the circumstances and who is doing the judging. For instance, there is nothing positive or negative about saying "I just got off the phone with a Jamaican." if that person was saying "Ya mon" instead of "Yes," or "Irie" instead of "OK". The perception can be negative if the person you're speaking to uses words like "whachamacallam," "weez," "i bin done that" etc. because it makes you judge the person as "lacking proper vocabulary or poor command of the English language." I remember in childhood the adults around me used to ridicule returning visitors who had spent time in England as "playing an English Duck" because they would use standard English instead of the colloquial dialect they grew up with. Speaking standard English was perceived negatively as abandonment of culture and pretending to elevate yourself to a higher class overnight. Meanwhile relatives of the visitor used to of course brag about how well their family speaks English inferring how educated they had become.
I have never been told I sound like a certain race or ethnicity. The closest I've come to that is one day on my job I had to call a client to inform him that his job could not be ready by his requested deadline. This made him furious so there was a back and forth between us, me trying to negotiate, him demanding that it be done by the time he specified. Finally he said to me "Get me someone on the phone who can speak English." I must confess I felt deeply offended and hurt.

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Race and language are closely associated with one another. In addition to race and language, culture, skin color, social and economic status are all intertwined. Not a single one of them can be discussed alone. This is also the main reason why people make assumptions of others based on the way they look and the way they speak. I think “Sounding like a race” is negative in a way that people would judge you without really knowing who you are. When they think you sound like a certain race, they basically run the possible culture, skin color, social and economic status of yours in their mind already, However, this is very difficult to avoid; people do it unconsciously. I think what matters is how you handle the assumptions and stereotypes of someone under the first impression. I remember couple years ago, one of my classmates shared her part time job experience in a dental office or law firm (couldn't recall). She said one client called in to consult something, and she transferred the call to her manager, who was the expert in the field. However, the client was not satisfied, because of the way he spoke. This client hadn’t met the manager. She judged his expertise solely based on the way he speaks English. I believe this is quite common, especially in here, New York, since it is a melting pot. I think people need to be more considerate, open minded and patient, when it comes to meeting and getting to know someone.

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1. I believe that a radical reconfiguration is not discussed with regard to implementation or concrete steps because it is not something that can be addressed in a sort of "one for all" manner. It is in my opinion that some, if not most bilingual and dual language programs are geared towards "class-normative white peers". The structure of the programs need to be inclusive and not exclusive meaning if the "language-minoritized students" speak Spanish then the gain should not just be for those students to learn English but more of a blend of cultural exchanges. I think that the programs need to be totally overhauled with the purpose of inclusion. This will also include drafting and/or updating policies and testing.
2. When someone says that you sound like a race it can be positive if it implies that you sound educated or intelligent however if it implies that you sound uneducated or use slang then that is a negative. Overall the statement is negative in its nature because is assuming that you are a certain way based of off how you sound. This topic dives deep into the ongoing issue of race relations within this country.

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I think that the reason that radical reconfiguration of systems does not provide concrete steps extends further to control outside of the schools. New policies need to be implemented to ensure that the system meets the needs of the people.  Subsequently, the issue is a common theme within the country. Language seems to be at the bottom of the barrel within the United States in comparison to outside of the country.

2.Sounding like a race is very common and is often associated with being less than based on my experiences. Often when I share my Colombian background, I’m usually asked by someone about the cartels. For the most part it has been a negative connection since its usually tied to being less than in my experience. If I sound Latino often my education is questioned and or the socio-economic status I pertain to. Language should solely be a form to communicate with society and not an outlet to hinder communities.

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In this article, the authors are doing studies based on raciolinguistic perspectives. This term refers to the historical and contemporary co-naturalization of language and race.  They are making points throughout the article to understand how and why language and race have intertwined and been co-naturalized.  They explore this by evaluating five key components of language and race which includes perceptions of racial and linguistic differences, intersections, categories, and power formations.  These aspects all play an important role in understanding the relationship and differences of the inequality of such discrepancy.

This article connects language research with race scholarship in order to develop a better understanding of the historical and structural processes that organize the modes of stigmatization.  There is the idea that race and language have 2 central components as a part of the European colonial formation of modernity; construction and naturalization of languages associated with and bound by particular racial groups.  This positioning of European-ness to non-European-ness was a part of the process of governmental racialization.

In conclusion, language was seen as a key to distinguishing between and potentially eradicating differences in world views.  Raciolinguistic ideologies played an integral role in the shift from positioning non-European populations as ‘sub-humans’. Furthermore, the authors envision and lay out the foundational forms of governance through which perceived differences are either embraced or objected.  Additionally, the raciolinguistic theories presented represents an effort to theorize the co-naturalization of race and language as a necessary step towards reconstituting the range of historical, political, economic, and sociocultural structure to which they are linked.

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1. I think to obtain radical reconfiguration of systems. First, just adding bilingual programs are not enough, but also, we should change the format of the standardized exams. Students should be tested in more diverse forms to be fair. Second, we have to change the ideology of bilingualism or multilingualism. It's not just for immigrants to learn English but also necessary for Americans to communicate with other parts of the world.

2. I think sound like a race, is a judgment made based on one's pronunciation. I believe this is neutral. In the Asian immigration society, we usually categorize Chinese immigrates in three different ways based on the ways they speak English. Some people don't speak English or speak very poor English. Some people speak English like ABC (America born Chinese), which means they sound "White". Some people who speak English like a newcomer. Some people take it personally and feel insulted by this. Because "speak English like a newcomer" basically means you have a strong accent. However, I think language should be used to communicate but not judgment.

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1. By allowing more resources to be allocated to programs such as the Bilingual and dual language program. I believe in order to obtain any radical reconfiguration many of in and out of state regulations would need to be reformatted. .