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was a Portuguese navigator whose explorations around the Cape of Good Hope to India helped establish a sea route from Western Europe to the East. Between 1497 and 1524, Vasco da Gama led a series of three expeditions to India.

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A type of forced labor in which the worker is considered property that can be bought and sold. African americans were sold into slavery.

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Ruled the Spanish kingdoms of Castile and Aragon and later united the Spanish kingdoms into a single nation.  Queen Isabella was born to John II of Castile and his wife Isabella.

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A large government-owned or privately-owned estate or farm where a single commercial crop is grown.  Plantation workers usually live on the grounds.

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People who attack and rob ships at sea. Pirates were not good people to run into.

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Was the leader of the Mayans, the ninth ruler of the Aztec Empire.  Montezuma reigned there from 1502 - 1520. Before the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés arrived at Tenochtitlán in 1519.

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Governments use lines of demarcation to indicate the precise location of their territory on a map.  This line of demarcation was drawn in 1493 after Christopher Columbus returned from his maiden voyage to the Americas.

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Was convinced that the world was round and that a Northwest Passage to Asia existed. John Cabot's first voyage was completely unsuccessful.

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Led many expeditions from France to North America. Jacques Cartier's first expedition was to explore Asia.

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A group of Native Americans originally from a village south of Cuzco, Peru. The Inca conquered local groups like the Andeans.

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Left Cuba for Mexico in February 1519. Within less than three years of arriving in Mexico, Cortés and his forces defeated the powerful and wealthy Aztec empire.

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Made his first expedition to explore Colombia. Francisco Pizzaro was the captain for the Balboa expedition.

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A journey taken for a specific reason.  The best known expedition in U. S history is the Lewis and Clark expedition.

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Served as a navigator and explorer for both the Portuguese and Spanish governments.  Although Magellan did not survive the voyage, the expedition uncovered vital information about the Pacific Ocean and confirmed that the Earth is a sphere

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An outbreak of an infectious disease that affects an unusually large number of people and lasts for a long time. The Black Plague was an epidemic.

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Powerful soldiers that were on a mission to gain wealth and territory. Conquistador in Spanish means "conqueror".

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A navigational tool for finding direction on Earth's surface. There are four directions on the compass North, East, South, and West.

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An area of land or settlement owned by another country. The United States has thirteen colonies.

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The movement between the old world and the new world. During the Columbian Exchange there was a transfer of culture between the old world and the new world.

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Was an explorer from Spain.  Christopher Columbus’ exploration of the New World led to Spain’s rise in global power and changed the course of history.

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People who migrated into Central Mexico around the 1100s. The Aztec population grew to about 3 million people.

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The period when europeans started exploring different parts of the world. The Age of Exploration was a fascinating time of discovery of distant lands and new people.