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NOTICE, ALL PICTURES ARE OBTAINED THROUGH PADLET

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NOTICE, ALL PICTURES ARE OBTAINED THROUGH PADLET

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no links provided for images

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KEY CONCEPT:
The United States became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.

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This 1823 document forbade any European Powers to attempt to colonize any of North America. Though this document was largely ignored by other countries, it would have an affect later on. As the United States' economic and military prowess grows, the United States could back this doctrine up.

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In 1845, John O'Sullivan declared that America had a God given right to expand to the west. O'Sullivan coined this term writing for the New York Democratic Review. This claim fueled expansionist beliefs that would lead America to owning land on both sides of North America.

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On Louis and Clark's trip through the Lousiana purchase, they reached the Pacific Ocean. Oregon Territory was technically not ours. The belief of Manifest Destiny was so strong that we were willing to go to war with Mexico, Britain, and Native American Tribes to get the land we felt owed to us. conflicts already had people on them. Many of which did not choose for this to happen.

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In the mid 1800s, Europe and Asia grew to be overcrowded. Along with famines and an overall economic downturn led to foreigners looking to America. The trend at the time was for the men to go to America and make money to bring the rest of the family to America. There was much promise in America as there was new land that had not been claimed and there was much work needed.

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https://www.americanyawp.com/reader/manifest-destiny/john-osullivan-declares-americas-manifest-destiny-1845/
https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/monroe-doctrine#section_3
https://1.cdn.edl.io/EJAH0pVwHYkdboA2WTg4icVAsp1D5hCDtTy4AewwDB52C4lq.pdf
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/the-gilded-age/american-west/a/apush-chinese-immigrants-and-mexican-americans-westward-expansion
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/world

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In 1828, John Quincy Adams wrote, "Wherever the standard of freedom has been or shall be unfurled, there will her heart, her benedictions, and her prayers be. But she does not go abroad in search of monsters to destroy". His view on foreign policy was that the United States shouldn't enforce any laws beyond it's territory, but instead be a good example. Through this strategy, countries will try to emulate the United States to be as successful as them.

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Much later, in 1848, Millard Fillmore proposed his view on foreign policy. He said "that form of government which it may deem most conducive to the happiness and prosperity of its own citizens.” and worried that Americans may "sympathize with the unfortunate or the oppressed everywhere in their fight for freedom, our principles forbid us from taking any part in such foreign contests," His views can be summarized as that we should focus on ourselves and our successes rather than poorer and more suffering countries.

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The belief of social darwinism brings over the scientific term which means that some will succeed over others and that is just nature. This belief has been discredited today, but was an example for why the United States had a responsibility to stretch it's power and help the less developed societies.

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KEY CONCEPT
Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civil war.

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During this time of great immigration, there were a group of nationalists that called themselves the know nothing party. The party only stood for it's anti-immigration policies and started operating 1855 and stopped in 1860. They were anti-catholic, xenophobic, and generally hostile to any immigrants.

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https://pennington.pwcs.edu/UserFiles/Servers/Server_414245/File/Migration/Elementary%20Team%20Pages/4th%20Grade/Curriculum%20Guides/VS.7a%20Part%201%20Differences%20between%20Northern%20&%20Southern%20States%20STUDENT%20NOTEPAGE.pdf
http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h42cw-culture.htm
https://www.britannica.com/topic/nullification-crisis

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The north had a much colder climate and a mountainous terrain. This made smaller family owned farms more suitable rather than large plantations. This led to them owning few slaves (if any at all).

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The southern climate is much warmer, making the soil much more fertile and there are much more expansive plains. With all this land that is relatively new it is scooped up by farmers, but they cannot manage all this farmland by themselves. They rely on slaves so that they can keep up their massive cotton exportation.

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The Southern Part of America was heavily focused on agriculture. They wanted the government to be smaller and have laws be subjective to each state.

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The Northern part of America was based on industry and trade. Farming was not an option for most northerners as the soil was rocky and lacking nourishment. The northerners

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In 1828, a tariff was passed that would make it more expensive for foreign countries to export their products to the US. This made it particularly difficult for countries like Britain to buy cotton. This tariff was particularly difficult for the south to export all the cotton they had.

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Cotton had always been a main crop the south grew, but it increased drastically over the 1800s. They grew 160 million pounds of cotton in 1820 to 2.3 billion pounds in 1860.

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South Carolina claimed that the tariff was unconstitutional and reasoned for this reason they did not have to follow it. This opened the flood gates for states to just not listen to the federal authority. This led to Congress having to enforce laws through military force.

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Lincoln won the Election of 1860. He thought that slavery was morally wrong and shouldn't be spread to the rest of America. Although Lincoln never said he would abolish slavery, the southern leaders didn't trust him. One by one, southern states left and declared their independence.

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KEY CONCEPT
The union victory in the Civil War and the contested reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.

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The 15th Amendment was passed April 26, 1969 and entailed that no person may be denied their right to vote based on race. This was Southern politicians found other ways to indirectly deny voting to these people.

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https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/civil-war-facts
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fifteenth-amendment
https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/jim-crow-laws
https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/the-end-of-reconstruction/

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3.5 Difficulties with Reconstruction Pt. 1

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3.5 Difficulties with Reconstruction Pt. 1

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Southern Leaders did their best to nullify the 15th Amendment by passing laws that limited voting rights. Such laws including literacy tests and poll taxes. Some people outright threatened violence to any African American who tried to vote.

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During Reconstruction, a hotly debated topic was the right to vote for African Americans and former rebels. Under acts passed by Congress, former confederate leaders had little rights, they were severely limited in running for any political office or voting.

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The Union officially won the civil war on April 9, 1865. The Confederate army lost at Fort Sumter when Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

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Reconstruction officially ended March 31, 1877. It ended informally when an unwritten deal brought the last of military troops out of the South. Northern republicans saw that reconstruction was slow and getting nowhere, as racism and discrimination was still rampant and that no law could change that.

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Unlike confederate leaders, African Americans were given their rights to vote and hold political office. These rights were loosely enforced, but many loop holes in this rule was found and exploited. Although in the law African Americans could vote, they were still discriminated against.

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At the end of Reconstruction, many blacks obtained their freedom and took advantage of the many opportunities that freedom granted them. Many went to school and had themselves and their children educated, some even went into politics. Segregation laws were implemented and racism was still an issue, but no law could fix that.

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The Jim Crow laws were a set of racial segregation laws that were passed in southern states. These laws lasted from the post-civil war era to the late 1960s. These laws were passed immediately after the 14th amendment was passed and included black codes, which were a set of rules that would strip African Americans of their rights and putting them in indentured servitude.