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Realism was very popular through the years 1880-1914

They tended to emphasize Naturalism, novelists relied on science of biology psychology and sociology, they wrote about what made someone act the way they did and their interests in complex social situations.

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The Industrial evolution was a movement that brought machines into factories to maximize productions, it brought wealth but it also brought social problems to the country. This influenced realism because the writers wrote about lives of others and this would include the struggles of the Industrial Revolution

The Civil War impacted this literary time period because it was an opportunity to write about the participants and their experiences

The Progressive Era was a time of social activism and political reform across the United States

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Frank Norris - The Octopus writes about a various characters unable to control their fate.
Sarah Orne Jewitt - wrote about local color and reflected the customs, speech, and character of people in different regions of the country
Mark Twain - Adventures of Huckleberry Finn illustrates the social injustices of pre-Civil war life

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it emphasizes the particular characteristics and positive attributes of a specific locale.
Regionalism and realism connected by the authors who portrayed their stories in particular regions or areas in the U.S     the main focus of regionalist authors \were unique features of a certain region including dialect, customs, traditions, and characters

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and study of history Romanticism focused on feelings, imagination and emotion. Realism is the belief that the world should be viewed realistically and scientifically.
Realism did not try to beautify events nor situations as Romanticism did.

Some differences are the realism is the completely opposite since that realism does not appeal or beautify to anything while romanticism is based into beauty and appealment. Romanticism fantasies everyday things while realism  uses facts to describe.  romanticism authors apply to feelings and idolizing nature. while, rational thinking is based on science

the similarities of both is that, In both writings god is usually absent or not very important, both have "basic views" of nature and what is around them, and
Both of these pessimistic views emerged in the 19th century, a period known for its trials and turmoil.

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realf  a theory that relates scientific explanation to philosophy by affirming that all beings and events in the Universe are natural.
both were used to describe particular time periods in the U.S.  So naturally, Naturalism is contributes with realism by the feeling of improvement or determination.
The main focus was within " natural self" or "real self" which is connected to reality and not mind or soul