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How did migration to the United States and the doctrine of Manifest Destiny change popular ideas of American identity and citizenship, affect territorial expansionism, cause conflict and impact regional and racial identities?

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Chinese immigrants came to the United States for economic opportunity and to leave their country that was struggling at the time. The Immigrants drive to work longer for less caused racial tension between the Immigrants and other ethnic groups and even white Americans. A growing dislike for Chinese Immigrants was also displayed during the California Gold Rush in 1849.
https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/san-francisco-chinatown

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1.2 European Immigration - Germans/Irish (1820-1850)

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1.2 European Immigration - Germans/Irish (1820-1850)

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On the Eastern side of the country, German and Irish Immigrants were coming to the United States to escape hardships in their own countries. The usually didn't have enough money to farm so they concentrated in large cities in North Eastern United States. This migration caused widespread dislike to this minority groups and political parties created for the sole purpose against immigration. American Identity in the middle of the 19th Century was anti-immigration for the most part.
https://www.ushistory.org/us/25f.asp

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1.3 Election of President James Polk (1844)

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1.3 Election of President James Polk (1844)

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The election of James Polk helped lead to an increase in Westward expansion. Polk supported the idea of Manifest Destiny and helped the US gain territory after the Mexican War. Polk greatly affected territorial expansionism during his term and it was reflected with his diplomatic policies.
AMSCO Review Book

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This concept was first introduced in the United States in the 1820s but was mainly used in 1840 and the years following. Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was the settlers God given duty to expand and settle West. This doctrine gave the Settlers a strong sense of entitlement to the land West.
https://etext.pearson.com/eplayer/pdfbook?bookid=48972&platform=1016&scenario=1&invoketype=et1&bookserver=1&userid=&hsid=41fa4661477a7da52c7f4ee4d63d462e&key=31585127531453511911112019

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This War was fought by the United States to expand its territory further across the North American continent. This drive for territorial expansionism directly led to conflict with Mexico. The United States won the war and were granted territory in what is now the Southwest United States including Texas, California, New Mexico and Arizona.
https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war

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The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a state and New Mexico and Utah as new territories in the Union. The Fugitive Slave Act was apart of this compromise and was very controversial. It caused great regional tension because it required Northerners to return slaves that made it to the free states. This made some in the North angry and further increased tensions in the United States.
https://www.history.com/topics/abolitionist-movement/compromise-of-1850

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act introduced the now popular American Idea of Popular Sovereignty. This new idea lead to "Bleeding Kansas" and created strong  racial and regional tensions between the North and South. The idea of Popular Sovereignty became a strong part of American Identity and Government.
AMSCO Review Book

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1.8 Election of President Abraham Lincoln (1860)

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1.8 Election of President Abraham Lincoln (1860)

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The election of President Lincoln caused regional tensions between the North and the South and set the stage for the Civil War. Almost all attempts at compromise ceased after the election of Lincoln. South Carolina succeeded from the Union and the strong regional ties/identities were formed.
AMSCO Review Book

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Compromise of 1850 were some attempts at compromise that were not successful. The country was moving farther apart with each attempt at compromise. The two sides (North and South) were so far apart on the issue of slavery that it was very hard to agree on anything else. It was almost predetermined that there would be some conflict and the Election of President Lincoln guaranteed it.
AMSCO Review Book

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How did the maturing of northern manufacturing and the adherence of the South to an agricultural economy change the national economic system and impact the Civil War? How was the American conflict over slavery part of larger global events?

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2.1 Confederate States of America formed (1861)

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2.1 Confederate States of America formed (1861)

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The succession of the Confederacy greatly affect the United States. It split the US in two and economic activity between the the country for the most part ceased. With the South forming a new country, resources the regions the relied one from the other were hard to come by. The Union and Confederacy had to use their resources to fuel their war efforts.
AMSCO Review Book

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Life in the South was very difficult during the Civil War. The South's economy was very poor during the Civil War. The overprinting of currency caused inflation and poor agricultural production caused widespread hunger. Women had to take increased roles as heads of households while men were fighting at war.
AMSCO Review Book

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The Emancipation Proclamation was proclaimed by President Lincoln and it stated that all slaves should be free. The made the South's fear a reality; slaves would be free if the North would win the War. This would change the National Economic system in a great way. The statement made by Lincoln also made the War about slavery now. Other countries would look to the United States to see how to handled this issue of slavery to see how they would implement changes in their own countries.
AMSCO Review Book

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Cotton production was one of the main components of the Civil War. The North still benefited economically from cotton production and there factories remained open during the War. The South expected help from Great Britain because they relied on the cotton import, but Britain didn't want to support slavery. This caused economic struggle in the South but it didn't greatly affect the North during the course of the War.
AMSCO Review Book

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2.5 Surrender of Confederacy/End of Civil War (1865)

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2.5 Surrender of Confederacy/End of Civil War (1865)

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The Civil War ended on April 9, 1865 with the Confederate Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. This signified the end of the bloodiest war in American history and the America could overcome any difficulties. This also showed the world that the United States was here to stay on the world stage. The end of the Civil War was also important in forming the idea that American can overcome many difficulties.
AMSCO Review Book

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The Civil War had a lasting effect on the United States. Many ideals and beliefs were split between the North and the South. The North believed in equality for all and a strong, unified country while the South thought the opposite on these points. The Civil War transform the country into a new era of political and social relationships. Parties and partisanship was more important in the US. Social relationships were important in the coming Reconstruction years. These new relationships were to be greatly needed in the coming years.
AMSCO Review Book

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How did the growth of mass migration to the United States, the end of slavery and technological, including the railroad, and military developments transform the environment and settlement patterns in the South and the West?

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The Freeman's Bureau was established to help African Americans in the South start out as free citizens. It was established to help change the environment of the South as a now free area of the country. The Freeman's Bureau was very controversial in the South and many whites were opposed to it.
AMSCO Review Book

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3.2 Ratification of 13th Amendment (1865) 

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3.2 Ratification of 13th Amendment (1865) 

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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. This affected the South as much as the Civil War did, if not work. This Amendment disrupted the entire social structure in the South. The race based environment in the South was replaced with the idea that everyone is equal. This was very hard for whites to wrap their heads around.
AMSCO Review Book

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The Black Codes transformed the South into a racial segregated area. The Black Codes limited the freedom of African Americans and ensured that the would remain as cheap labor workers. This caused many racially charged ideas to spread throughout the South. Riots and Rebellions against Blacks arose throughout the the South. This made it very dangerous to be an African American in this segregated environment.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-codes

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Railroads was essential to the Reconstruction effort in the United States. It helped stabilize the country and allowed the economy to grow. The rail system also allowed Western settlement to expand. The railroad system was able to transport goods efficiently and quickly and it linked the whole country together during the Reconstruction Period.
AMSCO Review Book.

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3.5 Ratification of 14th Amendment (1868)

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3.5 Ratification of 14th Amendment (1868)

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The ratification of the 14th Amendment gave citizenship to everyone born in the United States and freed slaves. This change Southern culture. African Americans, especially men, were able to do whatever a free man was able to. This opened up the West for Black settlements.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fourteenth-amendment

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3.6 Ratification of 15th Amendment (1870)

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3.6 Ratification of 15th Amendment (1870)

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The 15th Amendment allowed any males to vote in the United States. It also allowed Blacks to win governmental seats and offices. This was a big change in the US, especially the South. Southerners feared that their elections would be overrun by African American voters. They feared that their government would become "corrupt" by Blacks. This change also brought up questions of women's suffrage, however this issue wouldn't be solved until the 20th Century.
AMSCO Review Book

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The Civil Rights Act allowed African Americans to use public transportation and accommodations. This was a big step for equality but it was still a small step. It definitely changed the environment of the Southern landscape though. Whites had to honor these new rights for the African American.
https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-Civil-Rights-Act-of-1875/

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The End of the Reconstruction was marked by the removal of troops from the South in 1877. The Reconstruction Period was heavily criticized by southerners and pro-slavery supporters. Blacks were far from equal in the United States and there still was economic work to do in the South. It was a good recovery from the Civil War, but it affects would still be felt years later.
AMSCO Review Book

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The Reconstruction Period created a frayed relationship between Southern states and the Federal Government. Riots against African Americans broke out through the South. Reconstruction also led to debates on the rights of minorities. With Black males getting the right to vote, women also wanted this right among others. The Reconstruction Period left almost as many problems unattended to as there was before Reconstruction even started.
AMSCO Review Book

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All images sourced through google images on Padlet.
Sources for info in boxes listed under paragraphs.