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Trading in the Middle Woodland period began when exotic materials became needed and food was scarce. This trading occurred in the Hopewell Interaction Sphere, and trade routes established by the Hopewellian people began to be used more and more. However, in the Late Woodland period, trade and the construction of mounds diminished drastically, and researchers don't know why, but a plausible cause might be that of climate and that the farming technology was enough to support the whole tribe, so they isolated themselves. But as they isolated themselves even more, their cultures started to vary, creating the Mississippian Period.

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In this time period, burials,ceremonial mounds, and jewele were adopted into their religious beliefs. They were adopted into different tribes in this period such as the Adena and Hopewell when they started believing in spiritual beings. The mounds were used often times used as a mound for the chief's home, but the tribes also used them for making a shape, often times taking in the form of various animals. They also continued their favorite past time, smoking through an ornamented pipe in ceremonies, but in a more complex and traditional style. than past periods.

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The Woodlands started to place semi-permanent housing to settle in one area for a long period of time with often times having 22 huts in a certain area all encircled a "plaza". These domes could house a family of 4 or more, and the structure inside is held up by the infrastructure of poles inside the huts, and there was a hole in the top to let out gases. Also, the pottery became sturdier with the compounds now having sand and could hold more quantities of water and other materials, so they didn't have to go to a nearby water source to drink in the river all the time.

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The development of the bow and arrow was highly used in the Late Woodland Period and replaced the spear and atlatl. The accuracy of the bow and arrow made hunting more capable of taking down smaller animals, and the piercing capability of the arrow after it has been shot can take down many large animals such as deer and bears, and it benefited the tribe overall. However, as more tribes started using the bow and arrow, warfare started among the tribes. This led to the building of large fences that covered most of the land around the village, and palisades( guard towers) to look out for enemy attacks.

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The Woodlands begin farming by saving seeds from plants such as wild greens, squash, and sunflowers, and when corn was introduced to the Southeastern part of the US , they began to farm even more as a part of their diet during the Late Woodland period. This didn't stop them for hunting however, but they now hunt smaller animals because they can support the tribe with what they now have, and this caused them to become less nomadic. In the Middle Woodland period, trading became a staple in Eastern US and is often referred to as the Hopewell Interaction Sphere.