# data[].attributes.body
Q.Where is bionics leading us in future as like in the movie Terminator Salvation OR a world free of weapons and peace between various nations ?

This still totally depends on us by how we currently use it for making uncontrollable power that can easily fall into wrong hands or do it selflessly for welfare of others. This question can predictably change the world as we know of today.

Q.Isn't applications like making dode chromatic DVD's good for bionics ?

NO, as this kind of applications lead to killing of innocent animals, some of them might even be on the verge of being extinct.

Q.Then what do you want to suggest ?Apart from making weapons and applications like above used ,which kind of things will eventually lead to sustainable development? Okay, let me show you some ideas of mine like (in attached document)

Q.Now after seeing the document you are getting some ideas ,now I want you to put your mind to see beyond the impossible and extend this list?

So, we think bionics in medicines sounds pretty good to the world.

Q.Nice thinking ,so in which specific area bionics is going to be a success as reality in future very soon?

Our team thinks its going to be Embryonic Stem Cells for Medicine for sure (Cells able to generate all other cell types have recently been isolated. They could help repair a wide variety of damaged tissues.) Its going to be a dream come true for millions of lives.

# data[].attributes.body
The various applications of Bionics include:

1 Harnessing the sea: providing designs for tapping the movement of waves and tides to produce electricity from mechanical energy.
2 Prosthetics
3 Skinny Molecular Sensors: Researchers at the University of Southern Mississippi have developed a "skinny molecule based material" that has potential use in sensors to detect temperature changes, chemical presence, electromagnetic radiation and acidity

4 Textile

5 Thorny Water System: A small but mean-looking Australian lizard known as the Thorny Devil  is showing scientists how to get naturally distilled water from the air and ground, then transport it to where it is needed without the use of mechanical pumps.

6 RADAR and SONAR:

7 Biochemistry and Biophysics

8 Manufacturing

9 Product Design

10 Visual effects: Humans have invented a technology to create 3-D effects in movies (like James Cameron's Avatar) that uses circular polarization [CP] of light. But humans do not have the ability to perceive CP light, so we need those silly cardboard glasses to appreciate it. Turns out that jewel scrab beetles evolved this ability long ago.

11 Dodechromatic DVD'S: The eyes of a tiny marine crustacean may lead to the next generation of DVD and CD players.

12 Making of weapons

13 Development of artificial leaf

and many more...

# data[].attributes.body
However biotechnology is helping mainly to optimize fuels .BIOFUELS can be put to use in various fields. Here is the list of some of them

1.BIOCHEMISTRY

2.IN NAVY as fuel procurement in combination with jet fuels

3. IT

4.NANOTECHNOLOGY

5.to generate electricity

6. SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

7.Biofuel co-products as livestock feed DURING OR AFTER BIOFUEL PR
8.PERMANENT REPLACEMENT WITH FOSSIL FUELS
In recent years, as the need to develop alternative, non-petroleum-based transportation fuels has become more pressing, there has been a growing interest in using advanced biotechnologies to improve biofuel production. Specifically, numerous strategies have evolved by which biotechnology is being used to create improved biofuels products or processes, involving the creation of engineered or synthetic microorganisms for use in production of ethanol, biodiesel or other fuels, or genetically engineered (“transgenic”) plants as improved fuel feedstocks. These approaches can generally be summarized as follows.

Potential Applications of Biotechnology to Improve Renewable Fuel Production.

Enhanced or engineered microorganisms for fermentation of ethanol, butanol, other fuels.

Engineered microorganisms or plants to manufacture enzymes used in fuel production.

Improved algal strains for biofuel production.

Selected or engineered plant species with favorable traits for use as improved biofuel feedstocks.

Biotechnologies Applicable to Biofuels.

Classical mutation and selection or plant breeding: this encompasses a variety of well-known, decades-old techniques for selectively breeding or otherwise selecting naturally-occurring (or mutationally induced) variants of a starting strain or plant variety.

Recombinant DNA: insertion and expression of heterologous genes into a desired host organism (microorganism, algae or plant) to improve a desired trait or biochemical function in the host organism

# data[].attributes.body
Various application of organic bionics are

1) MEDICAL BIONICS:
Bionic Hearing :
The totally implantable cochlear implant system is introduced for hearing impared patient
Bionic Vision:
In bionic vision,Organic bionics can be applied to the Stimulation at the retina,Stimulation of the Optic Nerve and stimulation of the visual cortex.
Neural Prosthetic Applications :
Apart from restoration of vision, organic bionics is used first to wards movement of electronic prosthetic limbs for tetra-plegic spinal cord patient
vagus Nerve Stimulation (Epilepsy and Pain Management) :
Neuro Cybernetics Prosthesis stimulators produced by Cyberonics is used to treat Epilepsy and Pain Management
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation:
For example, surgical placement of epidural electrodes along the dorsal column allows spinal cord stimulation
CardioVascular Applications:
Cardiac pacing involves the implantation of a medical device called a pacemaker
Orthopaedic Applications;
The use of electrical bone growth stimulation is a clinical approach to promote bone growth and heal fractures

2) Antenna radar section reduction

3) Sculpture design for products

4) To facility design for leisure agriculture tourism

5) Architectural coatings emulsion paint with lotus leaf effect

6) Package Design

7) Product form

8) Design of Agricultural machinery

9) Textile Industry

10) Product Design

11) Food Industry

12) Clothing Design

13) Printing

14) Energy Production

and many more........

# data[].attributes.body
Here are some of the new terms I have come across in my document:

SONAR: it stands for SOund Navigation And Ranging. It is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

Aerodynamics is the way air moves around things

RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging)is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.

Biophysics  is an interdisciplinary science using methods of, and theories from, physics to study biological systems.

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

Prosthetic  is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions.

Neuron Bionics: The branch of bionics which deals with functional nature of the neuron impulse and the method by which transmission of the impulse proceeds

# data[].attributes.body
Here is the list of some interesting terms i came across in my document
BIOMIMETICS is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems.

PHYSIOGNOMICS is the art of determining character or personal qualities from the features or form of the body, especially the face.

EXCITABLE CELL is a cell that can generate an action potential at its membrane in response to depolarization and may transmit an impulse along the membrane.

COCHLEAR IMPLANT is an electronic medical device that replaces the function of the damaged inner ear.

TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION is a form of neurostimulation which uses constant, low current delivered to the brain area of interest via electrodes on the scalp.

RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA is a chronic hereditary eye disease characterized by black pigmentation and gradual degeneration of the retina.

PHOSPHENES are a sensation of a ring or spot of light produced by pressure on the eyeball or direct stimulation of the visual system other than by light

PROSTHETIC is an act of denoting an artificial body part, such as a limb, a heart, or a breast implant.
CRANIAL NERVES are each of twelve pairs of nerves which arise directly from the brain, not from the spinal cord and pass through separate apertures in the skull.

TETRAPLEGIC SPINAL CORD INJURIES is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all their limbs and torso.The loss is usually sensory and motor, which means that both sensation and control are lost

NOCICEPTION is the ability to feel pain, caused by stimulation of a nociceptor.

SUBCUTANEOUS Under the skin. For example, a subcutaneous injection is an injection in which a needle is inserted just under the skin.

SPALLATION is a nuclear reaction in which many particles are ejected from an atomic nucleus by incident particles of sufficiently high energy.

DOPANT is a substance used to produce a desired electrical characteristic in a semiconductor.

CHITOSAN is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit). It is made by treating shrimp and other crustacean shells with the alkali sodium hydroxide.

CONJUGATED POLYMERS are organic macromolecules which consist at least of one backbone chain of alternating double- and single-bonds.

ELECTRICAL DOPING In semiconductor production, doping intentionally introduces impurities into an extremely pure (also referred to as intrinsic) semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its electrical properties. The impurities are dependent upon the type of semiconductor.

SPIRAL GANGLION CELLS is the group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. The cell bodies of the spiral ganglion neurons are found in the modiolus, the conical shaped central axis in the cochlea.

POLYPYRROLE (PPy) is a type of organic polymer formed by polymerization of pyrrole. Polypyrroles are conducting polymers, related members being polythiophene, polyaniline, and polyacetylene.

VASCULAR GRAFT is a surgical procedure performed to redirect blood flow in a region of the body. It is commonly performed due to inadequate blood flow (ischemia) and as a part of organ transplantation.

# data[].attributes.body
hERE IS THE list OF SOME INTERESTING TERMS I HAVE COME ACROSS IN MY DOCUMENT

Macroscopic the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible practically with the naked eye, without magnifying devices ranging upto milky way galaxies.(10 raise to power 27 ,approx)

Microscopic the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly. For ex ,the diameter of an individual proton is 10-15 meters .

Optimization To make as perfect or effective as possible. For ex,in Computers To increase the computing speed and efficiency of a program,as by rewriting instructions.

Sustainable development (SD) is a process for meeting human development goals while maintaining the ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.

Biomass

1. the total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume.

2. organic matter used as a fuel, especially in a power station for the generation of electricity.

Algae Breeding Microalgae are selectively bred to be broken down, the oil is used for the production of biodiesel and glycerol and the biomass contains carbohydrates that can be converted to alcohol but also protein which makes algae biomass an interesting option for animal feed.

Algae Culture a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae.

superficial appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely.

ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Energy currency of cell, contains 3 phosphate groups & ribose sugar in its composition

Bacteria FLAGELLUM DRIVE Bacteria propel themselves through liquid or over semisolid media using rotation of a propeller‐like organelle, the flagellum.

Bacterium-Alga Symbiosis To understand the basic meaning, try to understand the cycle given below:

# data[].attributes.body
I  have prepared a questionnaire on 'bionics and its applications'.

The purpose of questionnaire is to check the level of awareness about various applications if bionics in the students, and to gain more knowledge in this field.

Link to the questionnaire: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1-BQm15VdTdsUEGhDzFfEU5bcn7ut7U6D8WL5ZBFTv9E/viewform?usp=send_form

# data[].attributes.body
OBJECTIVE

The survey's main objective was to get the details of cybernetics and its applications.

The most important questions included are:

1.What is cybernetics?How it is worth?

2.what is genetic programming?

3.Have any ideas about invariant human motion?

SURVEY(1):

In this I conducted survey on genetic programming for college students including PhD

students who are doing research in robotics.I asked the following questions:

1.What is Classification and how it is important in machine learning?

2.What is GP?

3.How is GP important to Classification? How it is applied?

4.What are its applications in bioinformatics?

a) multiple sequence alignment b)RNA structure prediction c) gene information d)all

SURVEY(2):

In this I conducted survey on advances in human motion..This provides a comprehensive survey of this signiﬁcant research with the emphasis on view-invariant representation, and recognition of poses and actions. In order to help people understand the integrated process of visual analysis of human motion, I presented recent development in three major issues involved in a general human motion analysis system, namely, human detection, view-invariant pose representation and estimation, and behavior understanding.I asked questions related to this:

1. Can anybody imagine what are the characteristics of behaviour in human.

2.How motion is invariant?

3.Have you heard about Pyroelectric infrared sensors.how it is used in detecting human movement?

4.How complex is it and what are its applications?

CONCLUSION 1

I presents a survey of GP for classiﬁcation. We be- gin by providing a brief analysis of the cardinal points in the two areas concerned: GP and classiﬁcation. This provides us with the background context needed to understand the works reviewed, and serves as a guideline to categorize and sort rele- vant literature. A considerable number of papers have been published on the application of GP for classiﬁcation. Most of these papers focus on the core step of classiﬁer induction, a task that can be ac- complished by evolution using GP. But the great ﬂexibility of GP allows it to be applied not only to the construction of clas- siﬁers; some preprocessing and postprocessing tasks aimed at enhancing the quality of classiﬁcation have also been addressed employing GP. We would like to end up by pointing out some of the research lines that could merit further attention in the future. One of the main drawbacks of GP is its high training time ,which worsens when compounded with the need for dealing with the huge amounts of data often found in classiﬁcation problems. It is necessary to delve into the possibilities available to make GP training as efﬁcient as possible, like parallel and distributed GP, for example. In classiﬁcation, the quality of induced models is determined by several features. Literature has been basically focused on accuracy, while interpretability has attracted only marginal at tention. GP can be of great value at this point. Grammars, for instance, could be readily employed to shape interpretable clas-siﬁers. Classiﬁcation is a basic task which can serve many different purposes, like credit scoring, bankruptcy prediction, medical diagnosis, and so many more. Many of these applications have been extensively addressed in the existing literature, but new areas of application are arising, like streaming data or web min- ing, and the application of GP can be of great value in these new contexts.

CONCLUSION 2

It is evident that view-invariant human motion analysis plays a crucial role in advancing human motion analysis in substantive potential applications such as visual surveillance, content- based video retrieval, precise analysis of athletic performance, etc. This review has presented a comprehensive overview of recent developments in view-invariant human motion analysis with an emphasis on view-invariant pose representation and estimation, and view-invariant action representation and recognition. View-invariant pose representation and estimation is separated into three categories based on the use of a prior human model; view-invariant action representation and recognition is categorized into template-based approaches and state- space approaches.Although a large amount of research has been conducted in view-invariant human motion analysis, many directions still remain open and problematic.

Behavior understanding is complex in that a same behavior might have several different meanings depending upon the scene and task context in which it is performed. At present, human behavior description is still restricted to simple and special action patterns and special scenes. Therefore, research on semantic description of human behaviors in complex unconstrained scenes still remains an open issue. Research on behavior patterns constructed by self-organizing and self-learning for unknown scenes is another future research direction.

# data[].attributes.body
OBJECTIVE
In order to get the feedback on "How useful bionics is to human life " AND "WHAT GOVERNS THE CHOICE OF A BIONIC PRODUCT" I conducted TWO surveys.
i) SURVEY A

This was among the people (mainly engineering students of our college) who were quite proficient in bionics or in topics related to bionics.The main objective of this survey was to know how informed the people were about applications of bionics.

Some of the sample respondents had eye related problems and were regularly consulting Optometrist. So I briefed them about the bionic eye as well and asked them to be part of the survey SURVEY A

ii) SURVEY B
This survey was conducted amongst the residents of an area with modern outlook who were using organic conducting polymers for wiring in their house. I wanted to know what were the driving reasons behind the usage of these polymers for wiring.

SURVEY QUESTIONS

It was a TWO PART page questionnaire with 25 questions in each part. Some of the interesting questions are listed here:

SURVEY A

1) Are you aware of the term BIONICS before this survey ?

a) Yes b) No c) To some extent

2) How much interested are you in topics related to bionics ?

a) Eager to know more b) Not sure c) Not interested

3) Have you come across any applications of bionics like bionic eye,bionic ear,etc til date

a) Yes b) No c) To some extent

4) Have you come across any applications of bionics like bionic eye,bionic ear,etc till date

a) Very useful b) Useful c) Okay d) Not useful

5) Do u think it will be able to cure your problem?

a) Definitely Yes b) Definitely No c) May be

6) Do you think that you can afford to buy it?

a) Yes b) No c) Not sure

7) IF NO, What parameters prevent you from buying ?

8) IF YES, What persuade you to buy it ?

9) Given an option to choose between bionic eye and a surgery in the eye,which one would you prefer ? Give reasons.

10) Given an opportunity, would you like be part of further surveys in this connection ?

a) Yes b) No c) Not sure

SURVEY B

1) What role did the price of these substances play in buying it ?

a) Very important b) Important c) Little relevance d) No relevance

2) Did the ability of these substances to conduct large amount of electricity play any role in buying the product ?

a) Substantial b) To some extent c) Not at all

3) How long have you been using these wires in your home ?

a) <1 YEAR b) 2 - 4 YEARS c) > 4 YEARS

4) How frequently do you change these wires as compared to the regular wires ?

a) Frequently b) Less Frequently c) Rarely

5) Did the usage of these substances have any effect on the monthly electricity bill ?

a) Yes b) No c) Do not Know

6) If there is a substance which is more efficient than the organic conducting polymers but much more costlier than organic conducting polymers,will you prefer it ?

a) Yes b) No c) Do not Know

Thank you so much for your time in participating in this survey..Very kind of you

CONCLUSIONS

The first survey gives us an idea about the students' reaction to bionic eye.The following questions are answered:

1) Are they aware of something called as bionic eye?

2) Are they money minded?

3) Are they open minded?

4) Are they willing to accept the advancements in technology?

The second survey gives us an idea about the family's reaction to organic conducting polymers (OCP).The following questions are answered:

1) Are the usage of OCP's helpful to the people?

2) What are the effects of using OCP's?

3) Are they ready to compensate on price for efficiency?

This survey has helped me understand the different views of the people on the application of bionics. It was a pleasure conducting this survey.

# data[].attributes.body
Objective In the framework of the Carbon Labelling Initiative I made a consumer survey in order to assess the acceptability of a carbon label and to investigate the buying behaviour of fuel customers. The most important questions included: • What are the most important motives when buying fuels? • How aware are consumers about Climate Protection linked to their individual transportation? • How do consumers assess the product biodiesel? • Are consumers willing to contribute to Climate Protection by using climate friendly fuels? • Would they pay a higher price for those fuels?

SURVEY

A – fossil diesel clients
1. You just have fuelled your car with fossil diesel. Have you ever considered to use biodiesel as an alternative? Which of the following statements fit to your opinion? My car could also be operated with biodiesel a.)fits totally b.) fits mainly c.) fits slightly d.)does not fit e.) I don’t know The fuel price is the main criterion for my purchase decisions. a.)fits totally b.) fits mainly c.) fits slightly d.) does not fit e.) I don’t know The fuel quality is the main criterion for my purchase decisions. a.) fits totally b.) fits mainly c.) fits slightly d.) does not fit e.) I don’t know I would like to make a contribution to climate protection by using a climate friendly fuel a.)fits totally b.) fits mainly c.)fits slightly d.)does not fit e.) I don’t know I am willing to pay a higher price for a climate friendly fuel in comparison to fossil diesel a.)fits totally b.)fits mainly c.) fits slightly d.) does not fit e.) I don’t know 2. Which aspects do you associate with biodiesel? __________________ __________________ 3. Do you know how much CO2 emissions can be saved by using biodiesel in comparison to fossil diesel? ___________________________________________________ 4. If there was a fuel which reduces CO2 emissions by 60%, would you be willing to pay a higher price for this fuel in comparison to fossil diesel? Yes, ____ Cent / no Thank you very much! 2 Questionnaire Biodiesel
B – Biodiesel clients
1. You just have fuelled your car with biodiesel. Why do you use this kind of fuel? Please rate the following motives according to your personal preferences. price a.) very important, b.) important,c.) indifferent,d.) little relevance e.),no relevance climate protection a.) very important, b.) important,c.) indifferent,d.) little relevance, e.) no relevance independence from fossil oil products a.) very important b.),importantc.) indifferentd.) little relevance e.)no relevance 2. Since when do you use biodiesel? ___________________________________________________ 3. What was the main reason for you to change to biodiesel? ___________________________________________________ 4. Do you know how much CO2 emissions can be saved by using biodiesel in comparison to fossil diesel? ___________________________________________________ 5. Did you have any negative experiences with biodiesel? If the answer is „yes“, please describe your experiences. ___________________________________________________ 6. If there was a fuel which reduces CO2 emissions by 60%, would you be willing to pay a higher price for this fuel in comparison to fossil diesel? Yes, ____ Cent / no Thank you very much!
Conclusions This survey gives an insight in the purchasing behaviour of biodiesel consumers and helps to assess the potential of the Carbon Labelling Project. The most dominant result is the high importance of price for fuels. Diesel and biodiesel prices are of highest relevance for any client. Surprisingly the biodiesel clients are even more price sensitive than the fossil diesel clients. Being confronted with a pro climate statement the majority of persons underline their willingness to contribute to climate protection. However, this contribution is strictly limited if it affects their own purse. Only a minority would pay a surcharge for climate friendly fuels. The knowledge about carbon reduction potential of biodiesel is very low, even among biodiesel consumers. This underlines the necessity to extend the educational advertisement of biofuels. Activities like the Carbon Labelling Project are accepted but it takes a long way to get the knowledge to the consumer. On the other hand this study underlines the importance of monetary benefits for biofuels. The consumer is not willing to pay a higher price for biofuels. Currently, only tax exemptions will boost biofuel sales.

For Example; In Germany, taxation of biodiesel which was introduced in August 2006 (after full tax exemption until 2006) has led to a decline in biodiesel sales. This questionable decision contradicts the propagation of B100 as a carbon friendly fuel in Germany.

# data[].attributes.body
BIONICS AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY : A NOVEL APPROACH FOR BIO-ENERGY PRODUCTION

C Karthikeyan, R Krishnan, SA Princy - Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2008 - Elsevier

ABSTRACT

Cellular metabolism is a very complex process. The biochemical pathways are fundamental structures of biology. These pathways possess a number of regeneration steps which facilitate energy shuttling on a massive scale. This facilitates the biochemical pathways to sustain the energy currency of the cells. This concept has been mimicked using electronic circuit components and it has been used to increase the efficiency of bio-energy generation. Six of the carbohydrate biochemical pathways have been chosen in which glycolysis is the principle pathway. All the six pathways are interrelated and coordinated in a complex manner. Mimic circuits have been designed for all the six biochemical pathways. The components of the metabolic pathways such as enzymes, cofactors etc., are substituted by appropriate electronic circuit components. Enzymes are related to the gain of transistors by the bond dissociation energies of enzyme-substrate molecules under consideration. Cofactors and coenzymes are represented by switches and capacitors respectively. Resistors are used for proper orientation of the circuits. The energy obtained from the current methods employed for the decomposition of organic matter is used to trigger the mimic circuits. A similar energy shuttle is observed in the mimic circuits and the percentage rise for each cycle of circuit functioning is found to be 78.90. The theoretical calculations have been made using a sample of domestic waste weighing 1.182 kg. The calculations arrived at finally speak of the efficiency of the novel methodology employed.

# data[].attributes.body
ORGANIC BIONICS - MOLECULES,MATERIALS & MEDICAL DEVICES

# data[].attributes.body
3D BIOPRINTING – NEW DIMENSIONS FOR BIONICS
Gordon Wallace*
ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong,
Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia

# data[].attributes.body
ORGANIC BIONICS
Gordon G. Wallace, Simon Moulton, Robert M.I. Kapsa, Michael Higgins ISBN: 978-3-527-32882-6 23APRIL 2012

# data[].attributes.body
BIONIC EYE CURES BLINDNESS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
First Bionic Arms- Now Bionic Eyes! Last week the FDA gave approval to the Argus II, a bionic eye that could potentially cure blindness in 15,000 people in the US. The Alpha IMS, a new implant in early testing, has cured blindness in eight people so far.

# data[].attributes.body
HOW BIONIC PLANTS WILL CHANGE EVERYTHING

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Bionic Plants Will Change Everything!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Robots seem to be becoming more and more popular, as they make our lives easier and more efficient. Robots surrounded by organic material have made their way into pop culture with movies like Robocop. What would happen if we made a bionic plant?

# data[].attributes.body
ORGANIC BIONICS

# data[].attributes.body
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CYBERNETICS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CYBERNETICS: The super science of interconnectedness; definitions, origins, & map.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
CYBERNETICS has the capability no other science has. It deals with very complex systems such as those that have a purpose, whether natural or man made. It has evolved to become a different scientific paradigm that will save the planet from authoritarian, reductionistic, anti-democratic, or just plain stupid GOVERNANCE.

# data[].attributes.body
USAGE OF CYBERNETICS IN CREATING A ROBOT

# data[].attributes.body
IMPORTANCE OF CYBERNETICS

# data[].attributes.body
UNDERSTANDING OF CYBERNETICS BY HUMANS

# data[].attributes.body
ARTICLE ON CYBERNETICS

# data[].attributes.body
PSYCHO CYBERNETICS

# data[].attributes.body
The rise of Bionics in Medicine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
From the times of the ancient Egyptians prostheses were created to function, for their appearance, and used as a psych-spiritual sense of wholeness. Amputation was feared more than death in some cultures and it was believed that you would be cursed not only while you were alive, but during the afterlife as well.

# data[].attributes.body
History of Bionic prosthetics in UK

# data[].attributes.body
Complete man created by BIONICS!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Bionic Man | Robotica | The New York Times

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Les Baugh lost his arms as a teenager. Engineers at Johns Hopkins are trying to give them back, but better. Mr. Baugh is testing a robotic prosthetic that he can control with his mind.

# data[].attributes.body
BIONICS REVOLUTIONALIZING LIVES

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
New bionics let us run, climb and dance | Hugh Herr

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hugh Herr is building the next generation of bionic limbs, robotic prosthetics inspired by nature's own designs.

# data[].attributes.body
The history of 'Touch Bionics'

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Össur Americas is in the business of improving people's mobility.

# data[].attributes.body
The rise of Bionics: Mercedes Benz car modelled after the Yellow Boxfish

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Adafruit Industries - Makers, hackers, artists, designers and engineers!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Mercedes-Benz concept car was modeled after the Yellow Boxfish. via Mercedez benz

The Mercedes-Benz Bionic Car was developed to explore the great potential which nature offers as a model for the development of automotive technology. The objectives were reduced drag, greater rigidity with low weight, undiminished levels of safety and the lowest possible fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.

Bionics - a combination of biology and technology - is a recent field of interdisciplinary research which brings biology together with engineering science, architecture and mathematics. The basic principle is to take nature's solutions to problems, developed in the long process of evolution, and make them usable for man.

In a new departure, Mercedes-Benz researchers and engineers looked at the natural world in order to find a model which, both in terms of its overall make-up and the details of its form and structure, was a close approximation to an aerodynamic, safe, comfortable and environmentally compatible car.

They found the boxfish, a highly skilled swimmer which, despite its box-like body, has outstandingly low flow resistance - a property which is extremely valuable with regard to aerodynamics. An accurate model of this tropical fish was found to have a drag coefficient (Cd) value of just 0.06.

Get the only spam-free daily newsletter about wearables, running a "maker business", electronic tips and more! Subscribe at AdafruitDaily.com !

No comments yet.

Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mercedes-Benz Bionic Concept Car Modeled After The Yellow Boxfish #Biomimicry

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mercedes-Benz concept car was modeled after the Yellow Boxfish. via Mercedez benz The Mercedes-Benz Bionic Car was developed to explore the great potential which nature offers as a model for the development of automotive technology. The objectives were reduced drag, greater rigidity with low weight, undiminished levels of safety and the lowest possible fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.

# data[].attributes.body
History of Bionics

# data[].attributes.body
History and Development of bionic exoskeleton<br>IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE

# data[].attributes.body
Biooil for production of Advanced Biofuels

# data[].attributes.body
Bioenergy: America's Energy Future is a short documentary film showcasing examples of bioenergy innovations across the biomass supply chain and the United States. The film highlights a few stories of individuals and companies who are passionate about achieving the promise of biofuels and addressing the challenges of developing a thriving bioeconomy. This outreach product supports media initiatives to expand the public’s understanding of the bioenergy industry and sustainable transportation and was developed by the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Green Focus Films, and BCS, Incorporated. ---

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Bioenergy: America's Energy Future is a short documentary film showcasing examples of bioenergy innovations across the biomass supply chain and the United States. The film highlights a few stories of individuals and companies who are passionate about achieving the promise of biofuels and addressing the challenges of developing a thriving bioeconomy.

# data[].attributes.body
Hydrogen fuel cell car exp. demonstration

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
hydrogen fuel cell car experimental demonstration

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
hydrogen fuel cell car experimental demonstration high school students by Sotiris Pagalos teacher of chemistry in high school, Thessaloniki , Greece

# data[].attributes.body
Biofuels used in Volkswagen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Solazyme Algae-Derived Biodiesel | TRANSLOGIC

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Watch Next Ep. Here: http://goo.gl/pjmUKy We head to a laboratory in Silicon Valley where Solazyme is using algae to produce biodiesel. This renewable biofuel burns cleaner and is a drop in replacement for any standard diesel engine. We test out Solazyme's algae-derived biodiesel out in a Volkswagen Passat TDI.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Biofuel and Ethanol | Class 10 Environmental Science | iKen

# data[].attributes.body
Biofuels from algae project work recently happened on North Carolia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Biofuels from Algae Project - Brunswick Community College Center for Aquaculture & Biotechnology

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Brunswick Community College's (BCC) Center for Aquaculture and Biotechnology (CAB) has implemented a Biofuels from Algae project as a joint effort between the departments of Aquaculture and Biotechnology. This included the design and construction of an 1800 gallon photobioreactor system during phase 1 of the project.

# data[].attributes.body
Report on Aviation biofuel

# data[].attributes.body
At a Crossroads, Biofuels Seek a New Path Forward

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Attempting to chart a path forward for the beleaguered biofuels industry, a group of researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, have devised what they describe as a novel method for producing renewable jet fuel. Using sugarcane and the sugarcane waste called bagasse, the new process (described in a paper in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) could enable green refineries to put out a range of products, including bio-based aviation fuel and automotive lubricant base oils.

Biofoels producers need new technologies to convert sugarcane into commercially viable products.

The research appears at a time when biofuels have reached a crossroads. Shrinking government funding, investor disenchantment, low oil prices, and concerns over the loss of food cropland to grow corn and sugarcane for biomass have combined to bring the industry close to a standstill. Although production of renewable fuels in the United States doubled between 2007 and 2013, the use of biofuels as a percentage of overall transportation fuel has hardly budged. And while most major airlines have biofuel programs in some stage, aviation-which needs highly energy-dense, oxygen-free fuel-has proved an especially tough field to penetrate.

As a result, the future of the Renewable Fuel Standard, released in 2005 and expanded under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, has been called into question.

"The current first-generation biofuels mainly use food crops as feedstock and are either expensive or have modest [greenhouse gas] improvements over petroleum fuels," concluded a report released in April by the Columbia Center on Global Energy Policy, written by James Stock, a professor of political economy at Harvard's Kennedy School and a former member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers. "The development and commercialization of low greenhouse gas second-generation biofuels-critical to the ultimate success of the program-has fallen far short of the very ambitious goals laid out in the EISA."

To reach those goals and rejuvenate the biofuels industry, researchers are reëxamining the science of deriving fuel from biomass, seeking more efficient techniques that use nonfood crops, ones grown on marginal land, and waste by-products such as bagasse. A major barrier is pretreatment-breaking down cellular walls to release sugar, which can then be fermented and converted into fuel.

The Berkeley study, carried out under a public-private research partnership called the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI), focuses on ketones, organic compounds derived from biomass that can be upgraded and treated to produce energy-dense compounds suitable for the production of jet fuels or base oils for automotive lubricants. Alexis Bell, one of the lead authors of the paper, describes it as the first process to create biofuels that can power existing jet engines without modifications. Designed for sugarcane production in Brazil, the process can be adapted to use crops grown on marginal land (thus reserving more productive land for food crops) and to use bagasse. With minor modification, it can also be adapted to produce renewable diesel, if future regulations provide support for the same, says Amit Gokhale, another of the lead authors.

"Sugarcane biorefineries today produce ethanol, sugar, and electricity," Gokhale remarks. "Expanding the product slate to include aviation fuels, lubricant base oils, and biodiesel could allow operators to manage their market/price risks better."

That's a laudable goal, but implementing new techniques at commercial scale remains a significant challenge-as the Berkeley researchers acknowledge. Biofuel prices are likely to remain higher than those for fossil fuels for the foreseeable future, says Bell. Bringing those prices down will require moving further up the production chain and finding new, more powerful microbes that can streamline the process of converting biomass into fuel. Michelle O'Malley, who heads a biotechnology research group at the University of California, Santa Barbara, is working on combining microbes collected in the wild-in animal guts, mostly-into designed communities that can convert biomass directly into fuel, leapfrogging the pretreatment step to save time and costs.

"We're trying to build synthetic partnerships to do things that not one of the individual microbes could do on their own," says O'Malley. "The idea is to consolidate the entire process, from crude biomass to value-added products. That's really what's prohibited the economic production of biofuels to date."

The result, she says, would be "a game-changing scenario."

Changing the biofuels game is likely to take years, as first-generation ethanols give way to advanced biofuels produced by more efficient processes using more powerful microbial agents and catalysts. "It's really about having the patience and persistence to stand up a new industry," says Jonathan Male, who heads the U.S. Department of Energy's Bioenergy Technologies Office. "When you start scaling up, the levels of complexity increase dramatically, as do the risks."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why the Biofuels Industry Needs New Technology

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Attempting to chart a path forward for the beleaguered biofuels industry, a group of researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley, have devised what they describe as a novel method for producing renewable jet fuel.

# data[].attributes.body
Research paper on biodiesels

# data[].attributes.body
understanding synthesis of biofuels through lab methods

# data[].attributes.body
Potential Land Use Implications of a Global Biofuels Industry

# data[].attributes.body
algae biofuel production

# data[].attributes.body
OPPORTUNITIES IN ALGAE BIOFUEL PRODUCTIONS

# data[].attributes.headline
KARTIK NARULA :how  did I collect more information on  'THE HISTORY OF BIONICS'?

# data[].attributes.subject
KARTIK NARULA :how  did I collect more information on  'THE HISTORY OF BIONICS'?

# data[].attributes.body
I first started reading articles from various journals and magazines.

After getting a basic idea about bionics, I started more extensive research on internet. I watched YouTube videos, scrolled through many sites, visited library, till I had obtained sufficient information about my topic

# data[].attributes.body
For further investigation on basics, I have gone through this coursebook

# data[].attributes.headline
PRAKHAR :How did I get more info in biofuels?

# data[].attributes.subject
PRAKHAR :How did I get more info in biofuels?

# data[].attributes.body
Since we are allowed to go to only trustworthy ,authenticated sites and wikipedia sources are also restricted so I first started seeing online research papers from different institutions Then, after getting certain facts & insights on the present of biofuels ,I reorganised the data. This way I got the mixed opinions from people, government organizations over worldwide saying about both (mostly)negative and positive impacts of biofuels . Then, finally I went into the library for news articles, magazines, went through various stories to get my facts straight and again after getting proper insight I went well prepared through net to look into various campanies who uses biofuels for different purposes for our nation and foreign nations.

# data[].attributes.body
BIOFUEL IN AVIATIONS

# data[].attributes.body
Has bionics got anything to do with biology?

# data[].attributes.body
Of course.Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.So it obviously involves biology and to mention biology has become an important subject to learn

# data[].attributes.body
THE MOST RECENT ROBOT

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Honda_ASIMO_Walking_Stairs.JPG

# data[].attributes.body
FATHER OF BIONICS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Watt.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
CYBERNETICS
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://s.ngm.com/2010/01/bionics/img/bionics-615.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/01/bionics/fischman-text&h=440&w=615&tbnid=AS_Qk__IYCFPVM:&docid=wB28DeIwr7kwmM&ei=_SYEVpSdCNOJuASZ14XgBw&tbm=isch&ved=0CFwQMyghMCFqFQoTCNSPsN-NkMgCFdMEjgodmWsBfA&biw=1525&bih=641

# data[].attributes.body
BIONIC EAR

# data[].attributes.body
BIONIC EYE

https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1525&bih=641&noj=1&tbm=isch&q=bionic+eye&revid=2078388737&sa=X&ved=0CCoQ1QJqFQoTCNSPsN-NkMgCFdMEjgodmWsBfA&dpr=0.9

# data[].attributes.body
What is your topic?

# data[].attributes.body
It is history of bionics

# data[].attributes.body
What does the word bionics mean?

# data[].attributes.body
Who created the concept of bionics?

# data[].attributes.body
Jack.E.Steele created bionics in the year 1958.

# data[].attributes.body
what is your topic?

# data[].attributes.body
It is cybernetics

# data[].attributes.body
May i know the applications of cybernetics.

# data[].attributes.body
It has various applications mainly complexity science,biomechatronics

# data[].attributes.body
I would like to know about each one of these.Please let me know.

# data[].attributes.body
Bio mechatronics relates to linking mechatronics to biological organisms, leading to systems that conform to A. N. Kolmogorov's definition of Cybernetics, i.e. "Science concerned with the study of systems of any nature which are capable of receiving, storing and processing information so as to use it for control".

Complexity science attempts to understand the nature of complex systems such as complex adaptive system,complex system,complexity theory

# data[].attributes.body
So,what is your topic?

# data[].attributes.body
My topic is regarding the application of bionics in various fields such as bionic hearing,bionic vision,cardiovascular applicatioms,organic conducting polymers,etc.

# data[].attributes.body
How is bionics used in polymers?

# data[].attributes.body
Inherently conducting polymers (ICPs) such as polypyrroles, polythiophenes and polyanilines have become famous in today's materials research laboratories. However, the most fascinating aspect of these materials – the ability to electronically control a range of physical and chemical properties – remains an area of intense and intriguing research activity.

# data[].attributes.body
I am interested in knowing about bionics application in hearing.Please let me know.

# data[].attributes.body
Sound hawk is a little ear piece with a big job. About the weight of an earring and half the size of a Bluetooth device, Sound hawk fits right in your ear. Once it is situated in there, it takes on the task of getting you to hear exactly what you want to hear and as clearly as you can possibly hear it.

# data[].attributes.body
In what way is it used in cardiovascular surgeries?

# data[].attributes.body
In order to provide further skeletal muscle options to increase the inherent cardiac muscle pump function, auto-bionic procedures have been developed to increase the average life of a human being.

# data[].attributes.body
So,what is your topic ?

# data[].attributes.body
It is bio fuels

# data[].attributes.body
What exactly are biofuels?

# data[].attributes.body
Biofuels are energy sources made from living things, or the waste that living things produce.

# data[].attributes.body
Illustrate with a few examples

# data[].attributes.body
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel made from seed oils (canola, sunflower, soybean, etc.), Ethanols ,Hard Biofuels usually wood byproducts (sawdust), that are pressed into pellets dense and combustible. burned for electricity production or heating purposes.

# data[].attributes.body
Is there any categories of biofuels?

# data[].attributes.body
Yeah, for more info,go to

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A quick look at 'fourth generation' biofuels

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
bioenergy trade, bio-energy, sustainable development, biofuels, biodiesel, ethanol

# data[].attributes.body
What are worldwide opinions?