# data[].attributes.headline
Pressure Relationships in the Thoracic Cavity

# data[].attributes.subject
Pressure Relationships in the Thoracic Cavity

# data[].attributes.body
* Atmospheric Pressure
* Intrapulmonary Pressure
* Intrapleural Pressure
* Transpulmonary Pressure

# data[].attributes.body
* Inspiration
* Expiration
* Boyle's Law
* Nonrespiratory Air Movements

# data[].attributes.body
* Airway Resistance
* Alveolar Surface Tension
* Lung Compliance

# data[].attributes.body
* Tidal Volume (TV)
* Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
* Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
* Residual Volume (RV

# data[].attributes.body
* Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
* Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
* Vital Capacity (VCP)
* Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

# data[].attributes.body
* Anatomical Dead Space
* Alveolar Dead Space
* Total Dead Space

# data[].attributes.body
* Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
* Restrictive Disease
* Forced Vital Capacity (FCV)
* Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)

# data[].attributes.body
* Minute Ventilation
* Alveolar Ventilation Rate (AVR)

# data[].attributes.body
* Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
* Henry's Law

# data[].attributes.body
* Exchange is influenced by:
- Partial Pressure Gradients and Gas Solubilities
- Thickness and Surface Area of Respiratory Membrane
- Ventilation-Perfusion Coupling

# data[].attributes.body
* External Respiration: diffusion of gases between blood and lungs
* Internal Respiration: diffusion of gases between blood and tissues

# data[].attributes.body
* Association of Oxygen and Hemoglobin
* Influence of PO2 on Hemoglobin Saturation
* Influence of Other Factors on Hemoglobin Saturation

# data[].attributes.body
* CO2 is Transported in Blood in 3 Forms:
- Dissolved in Plasma as PCO2
- Bound to the Globin Part of Hemoglobin
- Transported as Bicarbonate Ions in Plasma
* Haldane Effect
* Influence of CO2 on Blood pH
- Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer System

# data[].attributes.body
* Medullary Respiratory Centers
- Ventral Respiratory Group
- Dorsal Respiratory Group
* Pontine Respiratory Centers
* Generation of the Respiratory Rhythm

# data[].attributes.headline
Factors Influencing Breathing Rate & Depth

# data[].attributes.subject
Factors Influencing Breathing Rate & Depth

# data[].attributes.body
* Chemical Factors (Influence of PCO2, Influence of PO2, Influence of Arterial pH)
* Influence of Higher Brain Centers (Hypothalamic Controls, Cortical Controls)
* Pulmonary Irritant Reflexes
* Inflation Reflex (Hering-Breuer Reflex)

# data[].attributes.body
* Headaches
* Shortness of Breath
* Nausea
* Dizziness
* In severe cases, lethal cerebral and pulmonary edema may occur

# data[].attributes.body
* Respiratory and hematopoietic adjustments are made with long-term moves to high altitudes

# data[].attributes.body
* Lower than normal Hb saturation levels
* Decline in blood O2 stimulates kidneys to accelerate production of EPO
* RBC numbers increase slowly to provide long-term compensation

# data[].attributes.headline
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

# data[].attributes.subject
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

# data[].attributes.body
* Chronic emphysema
* Chronic bronchitis

# data[].attributes.body
* Characterized by coughing, dyspnea, wheezing, and chest tightness

# data[].attributes.body
* Infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis

# data[].attributes.body
* 3 Most Common Types
- Adenocarcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Small Cell Carcinoma