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Exercice : Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous?

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Exercice : Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous?

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David Cameron : Multiculturalism has failed

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David Cameron : Multiculturalism has failed

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Listen to David Cameron's speech, say what you understand and if you agree with him.

DCameron was the former Prime Minister from the Conservative Party (sticking for tradition). He says that MTC has failed, because people live their lives in segregated communities, above all  young Muslims who are rootless and hopeless, and prone to (enclins à) radicalization because they desperately need something to belong to. He added that they don't identify with traditional Islam not with Britain, and that MTC is a "doctrine" that encourages separatism, or accepting forced marriages, bullies (persecution)....

Our opinion :
This vision of MTC may be extreme and very cliché about Islam too. He seems to confuse MTC with terrorism and only focuses on this matter.

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Cameron: State multiculturalism has failed

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https://goo.gl/forms/uRZuUUfDR3ZbhOw42

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Slaves were treated like dogs (kenneled, beaten...) as the lyrics point that out. The lyrics also draw a parallel with the way the black community is currently treated (like dogs, still : now segregated, now undermined, cooped up and confined). As the singer is running fast at the end in a very dark corridor, chased by the Police, this could echo slaves trying to run away from their masters/owners. He's also shirtless to show how he lost his dignity. The title is revealing the current state of the USA : steeped in racism, violence, hypocrisy and double standards...

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There are many allegorical moment in this clip. As the beat is drastically shifting (from uptempo beats layered with afrobeat pulses to a darker /aggressive tone) and the killings/massive shootings alternate with dancing parts (really cheerful and light-hearted!), the clip emphasizes how shocking these massive shootings are. The shooter being black dwells on the fact that the culprit is often the person you least expect to be.
What is paramount (essential) is what's happening in the background, however we always focus on the foreground, the dancing and the singing. It sheds light on our inability to develop our critical mind for we get too often distracted by the media and their biased vision. Their agenda (hidden purpose) is to urge people to "get over it", to consider the shootings as background events (both literally and metaphorically).

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This is America - VIOLENCE & ENTERTAINMENT

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This is America - VIOLENCE & ENTERTAINMENT

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Violence is clearly omnipresent in the clip, and completely underrated, disregarded/ignored. A man is killed and his body is moved like a piece of trash : blatant dehumanisation. People just pay more attention to the dancing parts and the singing, rather than to the riots, the arrests, the arson (car set on fire). The backup dancers are also dressed like little girls (as in the painting "The Problem we All Live With" by Norman Rockwell) going to school right after desegregation and suffering discrimination and racism despite segregation being now illegal. The clip really enhances this dual reality : acts of violence VS people filming them on their phones (cells), people getting killed VS cheerful dancers, people moving on... Violence is almost seen like a form of entertainment, and massive shootings like a reality show people would be hooked on (addicted to)...

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In this medium shot, we don't know if Childish Gambino has a gun or a cigarette. This is an obvious reference to Stephon Clark, a black American who was shot dead by a cop, just bc he had his cell in his hand... CG is showing off his torso, proud of his skin colour, but in the clip he embodies the good and the bad guy, the hero and the villain to underline how subtle and nuanced the boundaries are between good and bad in America... (above all in a country where you're free to bear an arm/gun). His mimicking and funny faces also mirror the racist posters from the 19th century of black people as "Minstrels" (entertainers for the white audience). They are degra caricatures of black people (red lips, very dark skin, big smile...). The dances imitate the Gwara-gwara, a tribal dance that is both a celebration of African heritage, but also a sort of caricature (with mimicking etc) of the caricatures from the 19th century, and a patent animalisation and dehumanisation of the Black community in the USA.

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This is America - VIOLENCE & ENTERTAINMENT

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This is America - VIOLENCE & ENTERTAINMENT

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Childish Gambino - This Is America (Official Video)

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1. What does this title conjure up  ?
2. Fill in the blanks.
3. According to the singer, the President is usually :
distant   -   scornful   -   friendly   -   aggressive   -   incompetent   -   dishonest
4. What does Pink mean when she refers to « hard work » ?
5. Do the last three lines of the song come as a surprise ? Why/ Why not ?
6. What is Pink denouncing  ? What issues are addressed ? Read the complementary
documents and draw parallels between some extracts of the song (in bold) and the articles.

3. The president is : remote, distant, incompetent, scornful (méprisant) because he despises poor and gay people, especially after Katrina (the Hurricane that destroyed houses and provoked a flood= inondation)
4. Hard work : she refers to underprivileged people, like homeless people, people with minimum wage /salary
5. Last lines, a surprise or not ? Not really because Bush doesn't take into account all the citizens

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P!nk - Dear Mr. President (Live From Wembley Arena, London, England)

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George W.Bush's presidency and Protest Songs from the 2000s

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George W.Bush's presidency and Protest Songs from the 2000s

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Take notes and pick out the major events that happened in the 2000s, and how the President responded (or didn't respond) to all of them.
Can you deduce what kind of atmosphere was present around 2003 in the USA?

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Terrorism, War, and Bush 43: Crash Course US History #46

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1. What does this title conjure up ?

2. Fill in the blanks.
3. « Don't wanna be an American idiot » :
How is portrayed the typical « American idiot » ?
Is there a recurrent lexical field ?
4. In your opinion, who does the pronoun « I » and « We » refer to ?
5. 2004 in the USA : « maybe I'm the 🤬 America. I'm not a part of a 🤬 agenda. »
What does the singer mean ?
Who was the President back then ? What were his main ideas/actions ?
6. Comment on the sentence : « Television dreams of tomorrow ». What is the subject of the sentence ? What does that imply ?
7. What kind of shows started to appear and spread on TV ? What is the singer refering to in « the subliminal mind 🤬 America », and « the propaganda » ?
8. Is this song a protest song ? Against what ?

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Green Day - American Idiot [Official Music Video] [4K Upgrade]

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casualties = victims
a pointless/ an unnecessary war
a manichean vision of Communism

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overcrowded
climax / peak

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BLOWING IN THE WIND :
Released in 62 = in the middle of the Vietnam War
This song expresses many different subjects : freedom / the Vietnam War (refers to it through the « canonballs », but not explicitly)
Doesn't suggest any solutions, it conveys (sends) the idea that there are solutions, but the Government is not looking for them = people seek (look for) an answer, but all they have is silence (the wind)
Violence / wars / madness are part of our human nature / maybe the truth is easy to reach out and grasp but nobody is really trying to change the world. Blowing in the wind = metaphor for inactivity / passivity.

Is it a protest song ? We don't really know, it doesn't aim (target) any specific context but it does raise awareness and question people. It is a reflective/reflexive song

IMAGINE :

It's a way to escape reality = he depicts a utopian world that is like a shelter (a refuge) in order to inspire people.
He points out that wars are triggered by religious and territory conflicts, so he dreams of another world where none of this exists. His song is more a dream-like, poetic song that is not specific, but holds a very universal power (people have covered (reprise) his song over and over and still listen to it)

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What were their values?

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Star Spangled Banner

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Star Spangled Banner by Jimi Hendrix Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Star Spangled Banner by Jimi Hendrix. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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- last day of the festival, JH makes a blatant statement : he's playing a very personal cover of the American Anthem, Star-spangled banner
- American citizens are really proud of the country, their anthem, they plant flags in their frontyard, they're very patriotic
- playing such a discordant, dissonant version of the anthem is like a slap in the face : he deflects (détourner) the anthem to destroy it, he transforms it into a piece of trash
- let's analyse his style: the anthem is sometimes unrecognizable. His aggressive, raw, brutal version reminds us of the sounds of war.
- He imitates the firing of guns, the dropping of bombs, the sound of rifles, rockets and screaming
- This piece is an outstanding criticism of the Vietnam war, he's denouncing the atrocities perpetuated there by desecrating (désacraliser) an iconic anthem
- he closed the festival. some people were utterly shocked, dumbfounded, perplex and puzzled.

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Match the word with the picture

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The Hippie Counter Culture Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying The Hippie Counter Culture. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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click below

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American way of life Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying American way of life. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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for essays

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Compare and contrast the way of living of the Hippies in the 60s/70s in the USA with the mainstream lifestyle at the time. What major differences can you spot?

Group 1 : Lifestyle / Way of living
Group 2 : Clothes / Outfits / Looks
Group 3 : Means of transportation

USE :
- exclamations

- There's a sharp contrast between the American Way of Life which is very conformist, and the Hippie way of life : the typical / average family is gathering around the tv : a sign of modernity and technological progress. Typical families = a nice house, a housewife (the homemaker, the housekeeper), the man is working/makes a living/earns money (an income = a salary), 3 or 4 kids, 1 dog, a huge car, the white-picket fence + garden.
The 2nd picture = a testimony(témoignage) of wealth(richesse) + overconsumption (too much food in the fridge).
On the other hand / on the contrary, the hippies live communal lives in the woods (in wooden cabins). They live like boho/bohemians/hobo, close to nature, free love = we don't know whose kids belong to whom...
- The clothes and attitudes are drastically different : on the first hand, the conformists = neat as a pin (tiré à 4 épingles), clean, classy, preppy. On the other hand, the hippies = free-spirited, loose (ample) and colourful clothes coming from thrift shops / second hand shops. They don't care, they dare to (oser) be different, they're not afraid of the mud (boue) in festivals...
- The means of transportation are quite revealing of the opposite ideologies : the conformist America is eager (really wants) to show their wealth in brand-new cars whereas (alors que) the hippies are longing for communal ways of living, they want to share more, to live together in colourful places/vans, they don't have enough money, they can even be broke / destitute (very poor) and they were earth-friendly, not tied to materialism.

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INTRO DIAPO conformists vs hippies - Copie

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A Revolution against "The American Way of Life"

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A Revolution against "The American Way of Life"

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Complementary video : The Black Panthers Party

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Complementary video : The Black Panthers Party

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Let's Talk About The Black Panther Party

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Try to draw a parallel between the lyrics and the complementary documents.

Use :
- passive voice
- modals
- exclamations
(How/What + adj + S + verb)

Vocab :
- to evoke / to conjure up
- to echo / to mirror
- to refer to
- to draw a parallel with
- to allude to / to hint at
- to remind of

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Complementary Video : The Black Power Salute

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Complementary Video : The Black Power Salute

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A partir de 11 min.

Lyrics :
- highlight the different lexical fiels in the text
- find 2 rhetorical questions, what is their function?
- find 4 comparisons/similes & explain them
- "I'll rise" : what myth can this song refer to? What does that say about the black community?

Live :
- comment on the posture / attitude of the singer, what does his gesture refer to?
-> Ben Harper supports the black panther movement with this famous salute salute (fist clenched)which is a symbol of power / self-assertion (you stand up for your rights)

1. Lexical fields : violence (shot me / cut me / shame / broken) + sadness (pain / weakened / tears / cries / gloom) + happiness (happiness / confidence / laugh ) + wealth (goldmine / diamond mine / oil well :puits de pétrole) = emotional but very contradictory / paradoxical, it's an emotional rollercoaster

2. « Does my happiness upset you / why are you best with gloom » = dwell on / point out / underscore / underline the fact that some racist people may be upset because of the happiness / freedom of the black community, it's a theoretical question, he's not really asking the audience, he wants them to question themselves about this. He's also mocking some white people who are selfish, feel superior to others, feel power-hungry, hateful / scornful / disdainful (méprisant) towards the African-American community.

3. « Cause I walk like I've got a diamond mine » = walking proudly, not showing any misery/sadness.
« Cause I laugh like I've got an oil well » = simile for wealth, but not material wealth, he has some sort of power = positive thoughts / self-love / self-esteem / self-confidence...

4. « still like the dust I'll rise » : this metaphor refers to the myth of the Phoenix which caught fire and was reborn (from his ashes / dust). The black community is compared to the Phoenix who suffered from injustice, prejudice, violence, but also bears an inner (internal) fire, a real strength and was revived after so many ordeals (difficulties)

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The black community escaped to the north in order to / so as to be free, and the blues emerged from a fusion of different styles : country, gospel, and a bit of rock n' roll as they travelled through the states.
How brave they must have been to flee/escape and start over!

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Sam Cooke's song/Historical events from the 60s = parallels

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Sam Cooke's song/Historical events from the 60s = parallels

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What an emotional song this is!

"Running by the river could refer to slaves escaping.
"A change is gonna come is a message of hope that may echo MLK's speech.
"Don't hang around" could evoke segregation + lynching : "he winds up knocking me" also mirrors the police brutality.
We could draw a parallel with the fact that black people were constantly discriminated (couldn't sit at the same seats...)
But "I'm able to carry on" conjures up the end of segregation and a potential better life soon.

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Ask your friend questions about their video & vice-versa.
How does Sam Cooke's song allude to those historic episodes?

voc :
they don't have the right to / they aren't allowed to :
- share the same benches
- drink from the same fountains
- eat side by side in buses, etc.

How racist this society was!

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Ask your friend questions about their video & vice-versa.
How does Sam Cooke's song allude to those historic episodes?

voc :
riots = fights

How violent these episodes were!

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Alabama City Remembered as Climactic Battle of Civil Rights Movement

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Try to draw a parallel between the lyrics and the complementary documents.

Use :
- passive voice
- modals
- exclamations
(How/What + adj + S + verb)

Vocab :
- to evoke / to conjure up
- to echo / to mirror
- to refer to
- to draw a parallel with
- to allude to / to hint at
- to remind of

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Lexical fields :
- fear
- tiredness/waiting for too long and growing weary of it all (devenir las)
- desillusion/hopelessness/ shattered, dashed hopes
- regaining hope
- brotherhood

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Sam Cooke - A Change Is Gonna Come (Official Lyric Video)

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Mixed feelings : happy/excited/disbelieving but also very anxious/nervous because the black community didn't know how the whites were going to react, if there was going to be any backlash (negative response) after the desegregation in 64...

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What a shocking, brutal scene it is...

In the south of the USA, black people suffered a lot.
They were being ill-treated, lynched, persecuted/bullied, insulted (name-calling), and beaten, hanged or killed by racist white people, underground terrorist groups like the KKK.

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Her voice sounds melancholic, sad, dejected/ downhearted/ downcast / despondent .
She's using the metaphor of the tree full of strange fruit to mention the hanged black men in 1930.

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The song advises slaves to wade in the water and not cross the fields in order to mislead (semer) the masters/owners and escape.

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Harriet Tubman

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Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have A Dream Speech

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Rosalie Lautard

2nde 2

I have already been abroad, for example, during this vacations. I have gone to Spain and to Italy. I have loved this city, called Platja d’Aro, next to the famous city Barcelona. I have learnt l a lot of things, as schedules because the spanish people have their lunch at 04 pm. Talking about dishes, Ihave adapted to eating tapas, that I have shared with everybody. I have visited the Dali’s Museum, it was a nice experience, and I have gone in Cadaques. To conclude, I have noticed that the majority of spanish people take a nap and are very friendly and pleasant.

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Flying Lotus • ‘Until The Quiet Comes’ — short film by Kahlil Joseph

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Benjamin Zephanaiah : I'm turning into an anarchist

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Benjamin Zephanaiah : I'm turning into an anarchist

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Compare David Cameron's speech to Zephanaiah's vision. Why does he say "I'm turning into an anarchist"?

Zephanaiah highlights the fact that refugees are often ill-treated and seen negatively, as if they were mere (simple) numbers and statistics. He aims on restoring their humanity by focusing on their stories. Politicians tend to dehumanise refugees.

MTC is what Britain has always been! From Celts, to Picts or Saxons, Britain has always been a melting pot of cultures and peoples. (peuples) Being against MTC is being against Britain.

Whenever a problem arises and is amplified by the media (a fight between mtc ethnies), MTC is always at stake, shown as the triggering element for the crisis...

When he says "I'm turning into an anarchist", he means he is fed up with the current politics, and he urges people to hold on to (keep) power in order to preserve their humanity, their stories, their authenticity.

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'I'm turning into an anarchist' - writer and poet Benjamin Zephaniah

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He wrote The Buddha of Suburbia and explains the strife and struggle of a young Indian living in a British suburb. He faced racism, discrimination from a culture that was based on exclusion, looking down (denigrating) on multicultural ethnies, thinking they were inferior or uneducated.
Life in the suburbs = traumatic for him.
To become an artist = escape conformism, what is expected from you (marriage, kids, retirement) and create your own identity.
Dressing up / acting up like David Bowie = the epitome/the embodiment of the difference = can become another person. Not condemned by other people's words and attitudes = avoid being a victim with a fixed identity.

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Extracts from the book showing how the main character is almost ashamed of his own identity, his roots, and realises how people fantasize about Orient. Orient is a construction, a fantasy stemming (generated) from Western countries. Therefore, he never really had the chance to show who he really was : he was stuck between his own culture (he did not really identify with it), with the British culture, seen as the mainstream "superior" culture he didn't relate to either, and the projections from other people on him. Couldn't assert himself, become self-confident...

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The London Breed + The British, Benjamin Zephanaiah

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The London Breed + The British, Benjamin Zephanaiah

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Note & Warning : people are the ingredients for the recipe « The British ». He talks about the importance of justice, how it is necessary to put everyone on an equal footing.  We shouldn't take for granted / disregard (not to pay attention) any ingredient. We have to put the same amount (quantity) of ingredients to have a wonderful recipe, and not create any damage.

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Big Fish (1/8) Movie CLIP - The Witch's Eye (2003) HD

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Big Fish movie clips: http://j.mp/1BcUDQ4 BUY THE MOVIE: http://amzn.to/uaclnh Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr CLIP DESCRIPTION: A young Ed (Perry Walston), along with his friend Ruthie (Miley Cyrus), ventures into the yard of a local witch (Helena Bonham Carter), whose glass eye can predict the moment of death for anyone who looks into it.

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Plurality of ethnies, skin colours, origins, religions.
Happy, smiling, joyful expressions : these people are successful, they fit in/blend in.
Black and white : to put everyone on the same footing.
Goal : to chase fear away (after the 11/09 attacks), get rid of Islamophobia and promote equality and respect.

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Multiculturalism = diversity of ethnicities, religions, faiths, cultures, traditions... coexisting in the same place.
Multiculturalism seeks equality, tolerance and respect.

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Southall broadway, West London,
Largest Indian population
diff.communities, ppl from all around the world
they come from overseas.
1948 : immigrants from Jamaica, followed by Indians, Bengladeshis, Ugandans, Somalians...
they're here to find work / equality = they become part of the community
before = violence between diff.cultures, and there were no jobs, it was hard
now = more equal
Notting Hill carnival celebrates MTC and ethnical diversity
there are sometimes conflicts that arise between generations
2nd part : Open Cities = the school integrates migrants, they're here for a better life, it gives them better hopes for the future
Exhibition : pictures + shadows = show the past/where they come from. It's a way to see how the children fit in this environment.

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Different pictures from the famous carnival :
- Carribbean community
- colourful parade
- cheerful / joyful people dancing
- party-like atmosphere
- many different costumes and floats (chars)
- materials : glitters, feathers (plumes), ribbons (rubans), puffy dresses (big), makeup...
- music : drums...
- overcrowded (more than 1 M participants)
- an inclusive spirit
- food : jerk chicken...

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RESEARCH PHASE

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Celebration of diversity : the food is the metaphor for the plurality of ethnicities.
2 common elements :
- the language
- sharing the food

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BBC Poetry Season  - Zephaniah and students perform The British

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Akosua Afriyie-Kumi: It's time for African fashion to shine

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Written expression (homework) = approx 50 words

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Written expression (homework) = approx 50 words

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Have you ever been abroad? What have you learnt about the customs and traditions of the country? -> use the present perfect

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For the 19/10

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This painting reflects discrimination and prejudice (préjugés) present in the American society right after the desegregation : indeed (en effet), the painting is split (divided) into two parts, with a wide gap between them (that represents the social gap): on the left handside, we can see two black kids whereas (alors que) 3 white kids are standing on the right handside, staring (dévisager) quite aggressively (with contempt = mépris)in their direction. The black kids seem to be new in town : they have just moved in. There’s a moving van in the background and some pieces of furniture on the left. There are many parallels in the painting : both boys are wearing a baseball equipment, but the black boy has an old and dirty baseball glove + worn out (used) shoes = therefore / consequently we may infer they belong to a lower class. The black kids have a white cat whereas the white kids own a black dog : although the whites may consider themselves as superior, the cat is looking down on them, it is a free & independent animal, maybe like the black kids in their minds.

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Film poster :
2 characters seem to be in love, many common points : posture, looks... But the brick wall behind them shows a crack: this may stand for the gap between them: social/religious differences. They seem to be very much attracted/drawn to each other, they will probably fall in love, but the fact that he is from Pakistan (as we can see on the flag) and a Muslim might be an issue (arranged marriage...) and she is a Catholic = how to bridge the social and religious gap between? how to overcome (surmonter) their differences and ignore the prejudice (préjugés) ?
The broken wall = negative sign = could symbolise the pressure their parents put on their shoulders, the border/frontier between them, the impossibility to be together.
could also be a positive sign : it is about to fall down/collapse = therefore, their differences will no longer matter.

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Is London multiculturalism an asset or a threat to tradition?

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Apprendre l'anglais > Cours & exercices d'anglais > Exercices d'anglais > test d'anglais n°66744 : Discours direct et indirect

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Sarah

-Hello! Sarah speaking.
-Hello Sarah! It's me, Bob.
I'm going to see my mother tomorrow.

What did he say?

Discours direct

Bob said, 'I'm going to see my mother tomorrow.'
( Bob a dit : 'J'irai voir ma mère demain')

Discours indirect

Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother the next day.
(Bob a dit qu'il irait voir sa mère le lendemain)

On utilise le style indirect pour rapporter les paroles de quelqu'un sans faire de citation.
Les guillemets disparaissent.
En français, la subordonnée est introduite par "que" (obligatoire). En anglais, elle est introduite par "that" (facultatif).

Pour rapporter les paroles de quelqu'un, on peut utiliser d'autres verbes que 'say'.

Bob announced that... Bob declared that... Bob added that... Bob told me that...

Remarque : Bob said that... Bob said to me that...(moins commun) Bob told me that...

Discours direct => discours indirect : modifications à apporter

1) changer les pronoms personnels, les pronoms et adjectifs possessifs concernant la personne qui parle

Bob said, ' I'm going to see my mother.' => Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother.

' You have bought yourself a lovely dress.' => He told her (that) she had bought herself a lovely dress.

2) modifier les adverbes de temps et de lieu, les pronoms ou adjectifs démonstratifs

'I'm going to see my mother tomorrow .' => Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother the following day.

Mark: 'I went to London last week. ' => He added (that) he had gone to London the week before .

Sue: 'I must leave now !' => She told me (that) she had to leave then.

Peter: 'I don't like this house.' => Peter said (that) he didn't like that house.

Peter: 'I can't live here .' => Peter told us (that) he couldn't live there.

discours direct

discours indirect

3) changer les temps des verbes

Quand le verbe qui introduit le discours indirect est au passé, il y a en général changement de temps.

Bob said, ' I'm going to see my mother.' => Bob said (that) he was going to see his mother.

Discours direct

=>

Discours indirect

La concordance des temps se fait comme en français : Elle a dit : "il est malade." => Elle a dit qu'il était malade.

futur
'I will always love you.'

=>
conditionnel
He said he would always love me.

present simple

. 'He is ill.'

=>

past simple

present continuous

=>

past continuous

present perfect

'You have bought a dress. '

=>

past perfect

present perf. cont.

'I've been working all day .'

=>

past perf. cont.

past simple

=>

past perfect

past continuous

=>

past perfect cont.

past per fect

.

.

pas de changement

Les modaux : "could", "should", "would", "might", "ought to" ne changent pas.

can

=>

could

may

=>

might

must

=>

had to

Fin de l'exercice d'anglais "Discours direct et indirect"
Un exercice d'anglais gratuit pour apprendre l'anglais.
Tous les exercices | Plus de cours et d'exercices d'anglais sur le même thème : Style direct

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Sarah-Hello! Sarah speaking.-Hello Sarah! It's me, Bob.I'm going to see my mother tomorrow. What did he say?Discours direct Bob said, 'I'm going to see my mother tomorrow.' ( Bob a dit : 'J'irai voir ma mère demain')Discours indirect Bob said (that) he was go...

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By Alice Hoffman

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by JK Rowling
The mirror of Erised

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Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s stone

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John Henry Fuseli

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John Anster Fitzgerald

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john anster fitzgerald the stuffthatdream are made of

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I wish I knew how it feels to be free : I WISH I + PRETERIT

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Lucky Peterson-I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel To Be Free

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if you're stuck in the dusk, you're never going to discover the dreamland that can only be explored at night.

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cling to your dreams, don't let them fade away, make them come true, seize the day.

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- dreamcatchers : to avoid nightmares, to prevent from having bad dreams
- to daydream, broaden and open your mind
- dusk, sunset, dawn, sunrise
- a forest of dreams, to dare to dream and become adventurous
- being tied up, stuck, unable to move, paper planes symbolise dreams which can't fly away. Without dreams : no freedom, no personality, no dignity... you feel downhearted, downcast, dejected, despondent, discouraged, dismayed...

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Question raised: To what extent are our dreams potential creations of another world, a better world?

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Which SP do you prefer?
Can you imagine the artist's intentions?

Andy Warhol belonged to the pop art movement. His art consisted in a melting pot of visual techniques : impression of collage, superimposition of pictures (using the silkscreen printing), analog photography.
The primary colours and the different colourful faces reflect the different layers of his personality and his mood (sad = depressed, dejected, downhearted, downcast / crazy / weird, strange / unusual / he also looks "high"/ on drugs) and highlights his complexity. We can notice his fingerprints on the bottom-right corner of the self portrait: it may be a way to leave a mark.

I prefer this sp to Norman Rockwell's because it is more m

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Give his painting a title and justify your choice with visual elements.
Read your text to your 2 partners, decide who has done the best job.

Then, watch the video (p.38).
What is the difference between this self portrait and his previous ones?
Who are the other artists mentioned?
Which are the "three selves" that Rockwell is representing?

TRIPLE SELF PORTRAIT - Norman Rockwell

1) In his previous paintings, he concealed (to hide) among other faces because he was a shy and modest man. That's the first time he's the subject of a cover.
2) The other artists mentioned are Dürer, Rembrandt, Van Gogh and Picasso who were his inspirations.
3) He depicted his 3 selves : the painter, the observer (in the mirror), and the public image (the image he wanted to convey (transmettre/véhiculer) : the ideal, more « suave » and « debonair ».
It's a painting within a painting : mise en abyme

He used to paint himself with other people, and this Triple Self-Portrait is his first one (all by himself = alone). On his SP he also pinned 4 important inspirations: Dürer, Picasso, Rembrandt and Van Gogh + some personal sketches.
The 3 "selves" (self, plural)are the painter, the observer and the public image.
Helmet = a reminder not to be fooled by appearances (fooled = tricked)
Fogged glasses = he couldn't see what he looked like

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What do you think the quote means?

His art is meant to depict (through painting, collage...) his true self, although he doesn't really reveal specific details about himself.

After reading the text: has it helped you to understand the artist's intentions? Do you agree with the description of his work?

Warhol played with the duality of his art; superficila/shallow (because he was simply taking pictures of himself) and deep/profound (because he conveyed a sense of immediacy and had built a fictional persona, a mask). He meant to disclose (reveal) and conceal (hide) his personality, showing a paradoxical aspect of himself: both vulnerable (weak) and strong.

The text reveals the many contradictions of Warhol's personality. It is filled with / full of antonyms (vulnerable / invulnerable, everything / nothing, superficial / profound) that give away his complexity, his contradictory/paradoxical and tormented nature. There's also a sense of playfulness, his art is bound (connected/related) to his identity

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Read the title and look at the photograph closely.
Why do you think Cindy Sherman is called “The Chameleon”?

She's using diverse hairstyles, wigs, clothes, sometimes she's tanned/sunburnt, she chooses different poses... She's nicknamed the chameleon because it can change its colours, conceal and shift... We can infer/suppose that changing herself/shedding skin (like a snake) is also a way to protect her true self, and showing/displaying a diversity of women in society.

Cindy Sherman (US photographer) has been called the Chameleon because she's able to transform (like a shapeshifter = métamorphe) into different characters. Those self-portraits exhibited show different looks and attitudes (hair color, clothes, skin tone = tanned or fair-skinned = pale)

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b) Read the first two paragraphs. Check your ideas.
What strikes you?
c) Read the rest of the article.
Explain: What do you know about the “real” Cindy Sherman?
d. Explain the differences between her old and her new technique.
e.  In your opinion, what is Cindy Sherman’s intention when she creates
her photographs?

Sherman gets inspired by cinema, actresses, painters... to create her different characters/persona. She dresses up, uses props (accessories) in order to/so as to (dans le but) explore her different identities/personalities that are versatile and ever-changing. We don't know much about her true self, she conceals herself.
Even though (if) she's showing a bit more her true self in her latest art, she's still using digital devices to change her looks.
Maybe she's aiming at showing that appearances are deceptive (they can fool you), her message is "don't judge a book by its cover"), she also means to explore the instability of self-identity and reinvent herself.

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What the background says about your mood...

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What the background says about your mood...

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How are the elements of his biography reflected in his visual works?

The painting on the left is a classic representation of the artist: we can see his paintbrushes and palette on the bottom-left corner. He appears as an established artist but he only sold 1 painting in his whole life!
It was painted with darker shades (nuances) of blue than the painting on the right. The background is filled with straight lines, nervous brushstrokes (coups de pinceau) that convey (véhiculer) stress, strain and worry. His face is painted with complementary colours (yellow, orange, red) but he looks stressed out, down-hearted, downcast, dejected (sad). Indeed (en effet), Van Gogh was going through a nervous breakdown when he did this self-portrait.

The second SP was painted with softer hues (teintes), swirls, waves. He definitely looks calmer, and the background also reveals his deepest feelings.

Van Gogh is using different shades of blue to convey the multiple nuances of his moods (humeurs).
The darker shades are associated to mystery, darkness & the Devil (for him). The nervous brushstrokes symbolize his nervous breakdown (depression). However the 2nd SP represents a calmer version of himself : the colours are soothing (calming).

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Have a look at the first SP. What impressions does it convey? What does Mapplethorpe look like?
Now have a look at the 2nd SP. What are the differences? What does his choice of accessory and colour say about him?

The self-portrait on the left conveys the image of a bad boy, an anti-hero. He's smoking a cigarette, he has Elvis' haircut (with the slicked hair), he's wearing a leather jacket. He seems to have a rock n' roll lifestyle, party hard... He has dark circles (cernes) under the eyes, and his gaze (regard) is mysterious and mesmerizing (hypnotizing). He's very charismatic. Because of the dark background, his face really stands out. The black and white analog photography (argentique) can also boost self-embellishment for the typical portraits.
On the right, he looks much older. We learned that the 2nd picture was only taken 8 years after the first one. Meanwhile, he got lines/wrinkles (rides) on his forehead and grey hair. He looks tired/exhausted. He actually got AIDS (le sida), and knew he was going to die soon. (it turns out he died just a few months after this photo was taken). On the first sp, his shirt was open whereas here he's wearing a turtle-neck sweater (col roulé) and seems to be melting into/ fading into (se fondre / s'effacer) the background. This darkness could be an epitome (a symbol) of his death drawing closer (coming closer). However (cependant) he doesn't look dejected/sad. He is in control of his own life but also of his own death. Indeed (en effet), his walking stick is supposed to help him walk, it's also a sign of age/weakness (faiblesse), but here he's holding it as an instrument of power, a sceptre, a magic wand or a sword (épée). He has accepted his fate (his destiny).

SP on the left (1980) :
On this SP Robert Mapplethorpe looks self-confident, sure of himself. He's smoking a cigarette + wearing a black leather jacket = he looks like a rebel. His gaze (eyes) is powerful & hypnotizing/mesmerizing, he clearly looks like a "bad boy" with his slicked hair.

SP on the right (1988) :
He looks much older here, he has got wrinkles/lines, white hair, he seems exhausted (tired) = he actually got AIDS (sida) and knew he was going to die (he just died a few months after this picture was taken). He's wearing a black turtle-neck (col roulé) and seems to be fading into the background (confusion between his body & the background) he's absorbed by the darkness around him. This darkness could symbolise his future death. He's holding a walking stick that looks like a sceptre with a skull (crâne) = this could be a sign of old age, but he's holding it as an intrument of power = he has accepted his fate / destiny and seems to control it now. Even if he looks more strict/stern than in the first SP, he also looks more determined or confident.

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1. Atmosphere in New Orleans?
2. Origins? Most iconic area? Influences?
3. Built next to which river?
4. What kind of foods can you find?
5. What kind of music and traditions?

laidback = cool/chill
outpost= military camp
motto = devise
ironwork = iron parts of a building
hedonism = pursuit of pleasure
revelry = partying
pageantry = ceremony
thriving = prosperous
brass = cuivres (instrument)

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Beginner's guide to New Orleans - Lonely Planet travel video