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Natural background audio representative of a given recording environment. On-camera dialog might be primary sound; traffic noise and refrigerator hum would be ambient.

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Horizontal camera pivot, right to left or left to right, from a stationary position. Follows a subject, redirects viewer's attention from one subject to another, shows relationships between subjects, and scans subjects too large to fit into one shot

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Camera lens with short focal length and broad horizontal field of view. Opposite of telephoto, supports viewer perspective and tends to reinforce perception of depth.

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Tightly framed camera shot in which principal subject is viewed at close range, appearing relatively large and dominant on screen. Extent of view may be designated "medium closeup" or "extreme closeup." [See long shot, medium shot.

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Any recorded video or audio-only segment salvageable for use in edited program -- usually a highlight phrase or event. Common component of broadcast news.

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Variance of focal length, bringing subject into and out of closeup range. Lens capability permits change from wide-angle to telephoto, or vice versa, in one continuous move. "Zoom in" and "zoom out" are common terms.

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Variance of focal length, bringing subject into and out of closeup range. Lens capability permits change from wide-angle to telephoto, or vice versa, in one continuous move. "Zoom in" and "zoom out" are common terms.

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All pictorial material recorded by a camera. More strictly speaking, shots are intentional, isolated camera views which collectively comprise a scene. [See scene.]

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Composition consideration suggesting that a picture appeals most with its primary point of interest appearing off-center. With screen divided into thirds vertically and horizontally, important elements should be targeted wherever imaginary lines cross

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View of primary camera subject framed by another subject's shoulder and back of head in foreground. Common in interview situations, perspective affords sense of depth

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Unnatural, abrupt switch from and to shots identical in subject but slightly different in screen location. Awkward progression makes subject appear to jump from one screen location to another. Remedied with cutaway. A jarring edit caused by the choice of shots rather than any technical imperfection

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Space remaining between the top of a subject's head and a monitor's upper screen edge. Composition consideration

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Act of composing a shot in the camcorder's viewfinder for desired content, angle, and field of view -- overall composition.

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Extent of a shot that's visible through a particular lens; its vista.

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One-half of a television frame, containing all the odd or even scanning lines of the picture. In NTSC 262.5 horizontal lines at 59.94 Hz. In PAL 312.5 lines at 50 Hz.

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Gradual diminishing or heightening of visual and/or audio intensity. "Fade out" or "fade to black," "fade in" or "up from black" are common terms

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Image transition effect of one picture gradually disappearing as another appears. Analogous to audio and lighting cross-fade. [See cross-fade.]

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Shot of other than principal action (but peripherally related), frequently used as transitional footage or to avoid a jump cut

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Instantaneous change from one shot to another. [2] Director's command to immediately terminate on-camera action and recording

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Camera "pan" move in a vertical direction, down or up, from a stationary position. Follows movement, contrasts differences in size between two subjects, or gives viewer point-of-view sense of a subject's height.

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Camera view including two subjects, generally applicable to interview situations.

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Defines any camera perspective between long shot and closeup, whereby subjects are viewed from medium distance. [See closeup, long shot.]

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Cutaway shots which are used to cover the visual part of an interview or narration. The term is often used in TV news.