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7. The next limit to place on your search would be the language , this is to ensure that all articles being retrieved are written in English.

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Once you have chosen your titles, begin to read the abstracts and this will further eliminate other irrelevant publications.

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6. Another limit to place on your search would be the geographical subset, make sure that the articles that you are retrieving are from the UK & Ireland , academic journals from other countries are not going to be relevant when discussing healthcare or any other topic in the UK.

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Note that the number of feasible results will vary from person to person. Do not be discouraged if your minimum number of results is within the low hundreds. Title screening will be a fast process as you know which titles will calibrate with what you are looking for.

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7. Once you fell like you have completed your keywords, you can begin to narrow down your parameters using the options at the side of your search criteria, you can narrow down the years of papers you wish to search.
For example: I only want to search the past 10 years worth of papers, all in English and all papers should be academic and fully completed.
You can tick all of these options to narrow your search.
This can bring your results down from 50,000 to 50

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Once you are happy with a feasible number of results you should begin the process of elimination. The main steps of elimination include: Title screening, abstract screening and finally full text screening.

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6. Another way to widen your search is to use Truncation, which is, for example, if you wanted to search about Nurses you could insert into your search bar: Nurs* which will search for nurse, nursing and nurses all in one search.

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5. After you have completed typing your key words and phrases into the search bar it is now time to click search, you may realise that there are thousands of results, this is when limiters come into play, on the side bar you should be able to see a variety of limiters which you can put on your search to narrow the results down and make them more focused and relevant to your topic of interest, one of the first limiters to put on would be the date, I would suggest limiting the search to no further than ten years previous to the present date, most journals used 30 years ago may not be relevant now whereas journals in the past 10 years will be.

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Note that there are a lot of limiters to use, so take your time to experiment. experimentation with keywords, boolean operators and limiters will lead you to understand exactly want you want to search for.

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4. Another top tip is when searching a word like disability , instead of typing disabled, disability and other versions of the same word multiple times you can simply type disab* , by putting the asterisk next to the first part of the word the database will know that you are searching for more than one version of that word.

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5. In order to narrow your search further, you could replace the OR in your search around your mental illness synonyms with AND, this will tell the database to only include articles that include "mental illness" AND "psychiatric illness" and will remove any articles that don't include both phrases.

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common limiters include: Publication date range, language, the type of information source (at university level academic journals are preferred), peer reviewed (this means when another expert/s in the field have critically appraised the authors work prior to publication) and possibly geographical subset.

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once you conduct your search and get a specific number of journals, you can now apply limiters such as: Academic journals, date of publication, language, etc

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once you conduct your search and get a specific number of journals, you can now apply limiters such as: Academic journals, date of publication, language, etc

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If the number of results are still unfeasible this will mark the transition into the use of various limiters. Limiters essentially erase the number of irrelevant results with regards to your topic question.

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Also, identifying the synonyms such as : mental sickness, mental problem or psychosis

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Also, identifying the synonyms such as : mental sickness, mental problem or psychosis

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4. To narrow down your search, you can use AND and/or OR (also known as the Boolean technique) in order to find articles that specifically use the phrases you are searching for.

For example: I would like to search for articles containing information about mental illness AND stigma, so I would add into my search boxes:
"mental illness" OR "mentally ill" OR "psychiatric illness"
AND
Stigma

This brings up all articles that contain either one or all of the phrases about mental illness I have asked for, and the articles will also contain information on stigma around mental illness.

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Once again experiment with these synonyms and the number of synonyms you use to view the effect they have on the number of results and their relevance to your topic question.

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1.  Identify key words in topic.
2. Use thesaurus to find other similar key words.
3. Choose a database (CINAHL, Medline)
4. Use boolean operatives
5. Add inclusion and exclusion criterea:
- limit the year.
- Geographic subset
- language
-
6.

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you can use phrases like : mental issues and stigma.

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you can use phrases like : mental issues and stigma.

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3. After you have finished breaking down your keywords go on to open the dtatabase you wish to use e.g. CINAHL or MedLine

Begin by typing in your first key word along with its synonyms into the search bar, be sure to put all keywords and phrases in speech bubbles like this separating each key phrase with OR :

"Mental illlness" OR "Mental health" OR "Psychiatric wellbeing"

Another way of searching is still putting the keywords in speechmarks but separating them with AND instead, this is because when using OR you are getting a broader range of results so if you are looking to reduce the number of results to gather more focussed research AND is the connective to use  e.g.

"Mental illness" AND "Mental health" AND "psychiatric wellbeing"

The technique of using AND and OR is the Boolean Technique.

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If the number of search results are unfeasible to read within a specific time frame this marks the time to use synonyms for your established keywords.

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3. Once you have gathered these keywords for your search, open up a database such as CINAHL or MedLine, in the search boxes you can add in your words or phrases. Make sure your phrases are within quotation marks, like so: "mental illness" otherwise the database will pull up each article containing the words separately and not together as a phrase

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Experiment with these boolean operators to establish a cause and effect relationship with the number of results the database then produces.

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Separate the keywords using boolean operators such as: AND, OR and NOT.

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at first use there keywords within a literature database such as CINAHL.

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use a thesaurus for finding other key words

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use a thesaurus for finding other key words

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2. Now you have chosen the key words go on to find synonyms of these for example mental illness is the key word and "mental health", "psychiatric well being" , "mental state" are the synonyms   , you may find it easy to put this into a table.

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identify the main keywords or salient points in the topic question.

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2. So you have identified your keywords, now what you need to do is to think about synonyms to your keywords, so for example: 'mental illness' you can also use 'psychiatric illness' or 'mentally ill'

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a. simplify topics  to understand the meaning to have an idea  eg. Mental  illness -mental disability,
b. login to moodle
c. Login to Library and & Academic
d. Click on Subject
e. Click on Health and Social Care Resources
f.  Click on  Nursing
g. Journal databases   is where you choose  database  relevant to the topic eg. CINAHL

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firstly need to login into moodle  vle
and later log into subject resources from the library section , CLICK ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE RESOURCES
CLICK ON NURSING
later login into journal database and choose one afterward if preferable
TYPE IN KEY WORDS SYNONYMS
FOR MENTAL ILLNESS
mental illness- brain-sickness,craziness,dementia,insaneness,
using OR or Not as boolean operators
narrowing your search to 10 years or less, academic only, pdf only, geographical  area and  lots more.
after this print screen your first results and after narrowing it down print screen afterward

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Indicate the key words which are the Mental Illness and the Stigma. Always make sure you stick to the time frame if given(YEARS).The first step is to login to Academic and Library. Then click on the Subject. Click on the Health and Social Care, then click on Nursing, then click on CINAHL twice, then click on advance Search. The next step is to put in your key words for the topic given.

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Indicate the key words which are the Mental Illness and the Stigma. Always make sure you stick to the time frame if given(YEARS).The first step is to login to Academic and Library. Then click on the Subject. Click on the Health and Social Care, then click on Nursing, then click on CINAHL twice, then click on advance Search. The next step is to put in your key words for the topic given.

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grasp and understanding of what the question is.
DOCUMENT THE WHOLE PROCESS AS YOU WILL HAVE TO WRITE ABOUT THIS AND YOUR THOUGHT PROCESSES WHEN EXPERIMENTING.

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Tips:
1. Look for the key words i.e mental illness, stigma.
2. Look for the synonyms of mental illness e.g. mental disease, mental sickness, psychosis,
3. Look for the synonyms for stigma e.g shame dishnour
4. Then go to cinahl and seach for the "mental illness" OR "mental disease" OR psychosis using the boolean search
5. Then follow by searching for stigma, shame, dishonour etc on cinahl
6. Then put the two together:
Number 4 AND Number 5 using the boolean word to connect the two i.e AND
7. This will give outcome of the search. Then this will be followed by narrowing them down by limiters.
E.g
Year limiter,
language limiter,
gender limiter
Geographical area
Evidence based limiter
.......and so on

The outcome of the articles retrieved will now be reviewed.
Note:
The best research is

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Step 1 Login to Academic and Library
Step 2  Click Subject RESOURCES
Step 3  Click Health and Social Care
Step 4 Click on Nursing
Step 5 Click on CINAHL twice
Step 6 Click on advance search
Tips for searching the topics:

Other keywords for Mental illness are Mental disorder, mental distress, Mental issues
Other keywords for Stigma are shame, blemish, dishonour.
Notes:
Using quotation marks will help to bring two words together to meet the criteria for searching. Example '' Mental disorder'' , '' Mental distress'' etc
Using Boolean Operators will help to broaden your searching. Examples are OR, AND  etc.

For instance: ''Mental disorder'' OR '' Mental distress'' OR '' Mental illness''
AND

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Identify the key words.
Example Mental illness and stigma
Be specific about the period you are searching for (years).
Identify the geographical areas of interest.
You can also search for key authors to narrow down your search.

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Identify the phrase to get the information.

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Identify the phrase to get the information.

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use phrases such as: mental health and mental illness
Use quotation marks such as ''mental health'' AND ''Stigma''
this will explore a lot of journals relating to the topic.

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1. Start off by identifying the key words in the essay question "Mental illness and stigma"

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1. Identify key words
2. Use search strategy tools like Boolean Operators (And, Or, Not)
3. Use inclusion and exclusion criteria, include relevant articles in terms of time, geography and etc.

4.  Look for keywords most used in the articles you have searched.
5. Narrow down the search by year, geographic area, language and etc.
Also use truncation to expand search on wanted words, instead of nurse use nurs*, you will get results including all possible endings.
6. Record the search straight away you just undertook, and describe it so no pieces of the search is missing.
7. Read the name and the abstract of the article if relevant read the bits you need. You can expand your search when checking article's reference list.
8. Check articles and identify the hierarchy of research designs and if possible choose the highest standing ones (RCT, Cohort studies and etc.) they are most credible and val
9.You can change key word using Google Thesaurus.

add
Computer #

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1. First of all, figure out your keywords in your title of 'Mental Illness and Stigma'