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Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder of the 21 chromosome. A mutation in the 21 chromosome causes abnormal cell growth resulting in three 21 chromosomes instead of two (47 total chromosomes instead of 46.) Down syndrome is a common disorder having 200,000 US cases per year. Down Syndrome is a disorder that present prenatally, and there is no cure. Although some have lived to be older, the average life expectancy of a person with down syndrome is 60 years old. It is most common in ages 0-40.

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Down Syndrome develops and affects a baby before birth. Therefore symptoms are often noticeable at birth or shortly after. Although if a parent is concerned, screenings can be done to find the risk of down syndrome and/or if a baby has down syndrome while still in the womb. A diagnosis must be confirmed by a chromosome study, but there are symptoms that may lead to this study to happen. Some symptoms of Down Syndrome are low muscle tone, a single line across the hand , a short stature, and displacement of the tongue. Down syndrome also causes a distinct facial appearance, their head is often shorter and rounder than other's, a slightly flattened facial profile, lazy eye, or spots on eyes.

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Down Syndrome is a developmental disability, therefore it often delays any development that occurs under the age of 18. This includes Intellectual disability, learning disability, speech delays, and difficulty thinking and understanding. Not only does this disorder cause delays but it could also lead to other issues and diseases later on, such as obesity, hearing loss, seborrheic dermatitis, immune deficiency, obstructive sleep apnea, polycythemia, and heart or thyroid disease.

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https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=abstract&utm_content=Down-syndrome&utm_campaign=Knowledge-panel

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/down-syndrome.html

http://www.nads.org/resources/facts-about-down-syndrome/

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Because Down Syndrome is genetic it cannot be cured, but there are ways to  improve health to prevent later disease and help children learn more efficiently. Treatments include special educators who can identify and address their unique needs in education, speech therapy, occupational therapy, counseling, and support groups. Physical treatments include physical therapy, activity in weak muscles, and aerobic activity to reduce chance of heart disease.