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Problem:
Question: What is the effect of acid rain on seed germination?
Hypothesis: If we put a mix of vinegar and water on a kidney bean then it will show the effects of acid rain on seeds because the mixture represents acid rain.
Materials: cups, paper towels, vinegar, water, droppers
Procedure: We poured 10 ml of vinegar in a cup, and then we measured the ph in the vinegar, which was 7. We then added water to make it a ph of 5, which is the ph of acid rain. We then poured a few drops onto a kidney bean in another cup, and put it under a light for plants.

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What is pH and what does it measure? Ph is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances.

How is acid rain created? caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air

What is the normal pH of rain? between 5.0 and 5.5

How does acidity affect plant growth? In some mineral soils aluminum can be dissolved at pH levels below 5.0 becoming toxic to plant growth. Soil pH may also affect the availability of plant nutrients.

What are some of the major agricultural staples throughout the

world? Corn, rice, wheat, potatoes, soybeans, and yams

What is germination? The development of a plant to a seed or spore after a period of dormancy.

What is the anatomy of a seed? Seed coat, plumule, hypocotyl, radicle, cotyledon

What is the anatomy of a seedling? Leaf, cotyledon, stem, root system

What are the initial parts of a growing seedling?  Radicle, hypocotyl, and the cotyledons

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What is acid rain?:
rainfall made sufficiently acidic by atmospheric pollution

What chemicals make rain acidic, and how does it happen?:
sulfur and nitrogen oxides mix with natural rainwater, causing rainwater

Where do these chemical come from?
these chemicals come from pollution caused by burning fossil fuels

How do we measure the acidity of rain?
a ph gauge strip

What is pH?
the acididy or baseness of a liquid

Describe the pH range and list various things that correspond to the

various pH levels.

the ph range is the acidity of a liquid in number order from 0-9, 0 being the most acidic, like battery acid, 9 being milk, or a base substance

What is the pH of normal rain, and at what level does the pH become

dangerous?
normal rain has a ph of about 5.6, ph 2-0 is the most harmful ph level to your body.

From a chemical standpoint, how has acid rain affected plants?

Include pictures and graphs to support your research.

acid rain eats away at the cells of the plant, sometimes even burning straight through leaves and other parts of the plant.

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Tyler

Does acid rain affect building materials? yes it dissolves the materials over time and eats away the structures

Does acid rain have an effect on architecture? no the way its build doesn't matter either way the acid in the rain beats up the materials over time

What does acid rain do to our roads, highways, and bridges? it starts dissolves the materials over time

What is the effect of acid rain on things made from metal such as

automobiles, trains, buses, and other means of transportation?it causes it to rust and eat up the metal

What does the effect of acid rain cost us in terms of money? the money due for repairs

What are the economic consequences of acid rain on fisheries, forestry,

and agriculture? it effects the water and the fish in the water

Include pictures and graphs to support your research.

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Christina

How does acid rain affect humans?  The harm of acid rain is not direct to humans, but the chemicals in the rain can be inhaled deep into peoples lungs.

What are some of the direct effects of acid rain on humans? Are there

any health problems associated with acid rain?  What are some of the indirect effects of acid rain on humans? The particles that result from acid rain are inhaled into the lungs and increase premature death from heart and lung disorders, such as asthma and bronchitis.

Does acid rain affect our sources of food, water, and air? Acid rain can damage our drinking water if it gets into it, and can also damage and kill our crops and food if it gets into it.

What are the consequences of the effects of acid rain on people? Crops are damaged, resulting in less food for people, along with contaminated water that is harmful to humans.

Include pictures and graphs to support your research.

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TJ

What effect does acid rain have on trees and soil? It removes nutrients from the soil and it will make trees have brown needles and brown leaves

How does the effect of acid rain on trees and soil affect us? acid rain causes the release of substances that are toxic totrees and plants, such as aluminum, into the soil.

What happens when lakes and aquatic systems become acidic? It can harm fish and animals that hang around and drink out of that lake in multiple lays

How does acidic water systems affect us? It can drive up the ph balance and make people and animals sick from the toxins in the water

Are the aquatic systems in our area being affected by acid rain? If yes,

to what extent?  Yes because certain animals are ph sensitive and it may kill multiple fish

What are the danger signs of the effect of acid rain on aquatic systems? It will kill multiple types of fish and plants in the ecosystem and this will make the entire ecosystem off balance

Include pictures and graphs to support your research.