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"Jem gave a reasonable description of Boo: Boo was about six-and-a-half feet tall,
judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could catch,
that’s why his hands were bloodstained—if you ate an animal raw, you could
never wash the blood off. There was a long jagged scar that ran across his face;
what teeth he had were yellow and rotten; his eyes popped, and he drooled most
of the time."

Explanation:
To be honest, judgement happens on a daily basis around the world. If you walk out on the streets, and wear something weird or loud, there's a high chance someone's going to judge you without knowing who you are, so what's the difference between judging a person and a book? In this situation, Jem uses his wild imagination to make a reasonable assumption on the appearance of Boo Radley, who he has never seen before. Jem talks about all these negative things about Boo based on rumors and past experiences. Apparently, according to Jem, doing bad things can make you a "bad" person. This is almost like judging a book based on its title, not even the cover, how someone could use such a limited amount of information and use their imagination to make "wild" assumptions.

Lee, Harper, To Kill A Mockingbird, New York., Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1995

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"Atticus said, “Whoa, son,” so gently that I was greatly heartened. It was obvious
that he had not followed a word Jem said, for all Atticus said was, “You’re right.
We’d better keep this and the blanket to ourselves. Someday, maybe, Scout can
thank him for covering her up.”
“Thank who?” I asked.
“Boo Radley. You were so busy looking at the fire you didn’t know it when he
put the blanket around you.”

Explanation:
This is a conversation between Jem and Atticus, they are discussing about how a blanket appeared out of "nowhere". This is when Jem saw the positive side of Boo, after all his negative assumptions (See Quote 1). He assumed and that Boo would be a really bad person, based on his judgement on Boo's history. However, his predictions were false, this is why before you put down a book based on it's cover, maybe read a few pages first and decide. Sometimes you can be really focused on something, and you forget to look at the all minor details - and somehow later it turns out to be the main details

Lee, Harper, To Kill A Mockingbird, New York., Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1995

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“How does he keep what’s in it in it?”
Jem giggled. “He’s got a Co-Cola bottle full of whiskey in there. That’s so’s not
to upset the ladies. You’ll see him sip it all afternoon, he’ll step out for a while
and fill it back up.”

Explanation:
Again, Jem makes assumptions, based on his knowledge and past experiences. But, based on Mr. Raymond's actions, Jem actually has a point. To Jem, Mr. Raymond drinks everyday and gets really drunk because of the amount of Alcohol he consumes, so this time, it's an accurate guess.

Lee, Harper, To Kill A Mockingbird, New York., Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1995

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Quote 4: Dolphus Raymond (Pages 203 - 204)

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Quote 4: Dolphus Raymond (Pages 203 - 204)

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"Dill released the straws and grinned. “Scout, it’s nothing but Coca-Cola.”
Mr. Raymond sat up against the tree-trunk. He had been lying on the grass. “You
little folks won’t tell on me now, will you? It’d ruin my reputation if you did.”
“You mean all you drink in that sack’s Coca-Cola? Just plain Coca-Cola?”
“Yes ma’am,” Mr. Raymond nodded. I liked his smell: it was of leather, horses,
cottonseed. He wore the only English riding boots I had ever seen. “That’s all I
drink, most of the time.”
“Then you just pretend you’re half—? I beg your pardon, sir,” I caught myself. “I
didn’t mean to be—”
Mr. Raymond chuckled, not at all offended, and I tried to frame a discreet
question: “Why do you do like you do?”
“Wh—oh yes, you mean why do I pretend? Well, it’s very simple,” he said.
“Some folks don’t—like the way I live. Now I could say the hell with ‘em, I don’t
care if they don’t like it. I do say I don’t care if they don’t like it, right enough—
but I don’t say the hell with ’em, see?”
Dill and I said, “No sir.”
“I try to give ‘em a reason, you see."

Explanation:
Now this is where everything final comes to Jem, since both Jem and Dill made a claim, they wanted to test their hypothesis, with their test subject being Dill, as he takes a sip from the bottle, and realizes that both of them were wrong. This experiment can help Jem understand how judgement and assumptions should only be made when the subject is clearly understood. Mr. Raymond is a completely normal guy, he just pretends to drink to give everyone a reason why he would do crazy things. He basically created an illusion, he tricks everyone by acting drunk daily, and when they question his status, he pretends to drink out of a bottle to make it seem more realistic, but really, it's just his mental game.

Lee, Harper, To Kill A Mockingbird, New York., Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1995

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Source 3: Judgment and decision making: Behavioral approaches

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Source 3: Judgment and decision making: Behavioral approaches

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Abstract/Summary:
The area of judgment and decision making has given rise to the study of many interesting phenomena, including reasoning fallacies, which are also of interest to behavior analysts. Indeed, techniques and principles of behavior analysis may be applied to study these fallacies. This article reviews research from a behavioral perspective that suggests that humans are not the information-seekers we sometimes suppose ourselves to be. Nor do we utilize information effectively when it is presented. This is shown from the results of research utilizing matching to sample and other behavioral tools (monetary reward, feedback, instructional control) to study phenomena such as the conjunction fallacy, base-rate neglect, and probability matching. Research from a behavioral perspective can complement research from other perspectives in furthering our understanding of judgment and decision making.

Fantino, Edmund. "Judgment and decision making: Behavioral approaches." ABAI -
Association for Behavior Analysis International, US National Library of
Medicine National Institutes of Health, 21 Feb. 1998, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pmc/articles/PMC2731405/. Accessed 23 Aug. 2018.

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Source 2: Why Judging by Appearance Can Be Harmful (And Behavior)

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Source 2: Why Judging by Appearance Can Be Harmful (And Behavior)

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"Even if we may disagree with a person’s point of view or don’t understand one’s behavior, we may pre-judge the rationality of their view or behavior without understanding that there may be legitimate reasons why a person believes or behaves the way they do. Whether these reasons are good or not is a matter of interpretation. The fact is, with every observable act, there’s always a genealogy of events that have pre-conditioned any moment that confronts us."

Torres, Raymond, Mr. "Why Judging by Appearance Can Be Harmful." The Blog,
Huffpost, 25 Feb. 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/raymond-torres/ prejudice-_b_2346550.html. Accessed 22 Aug. 2018.

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Source 1: Yes, Looks Do Matter (Judgement on Appearance) 

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Source 1: Yes, Looks Do Matter (Judgement on Appearance) 

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" On a very basic level, judging people by appearance means putting them quickly into impersonal categories, much like deciding whether an animal is a dog or a cat. “Stereotypes are seen as a necessary mechanism for making sense of information,” said David Amodio, an assistant professor of psychology at New York University. “If we look at a chair, we can categorize it quickly even though there are many different kinds of chairs out there.” "

Belluck, Pam, Mr. "Yes, Looks Do Matter." The New York Times, 24 Apr. 2009.
Fashion and Style, www.nytimes.com/2009/04/26/fashion/26looks.html.
Accessed 22 Aug. 2018.