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The continuous monitoring of individuals is really there for the people to do the Party's job for them, to police themselves and keep themselves repressed.

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1. Motif of irresolvable contradictions and Doublethink: not only a technique of the Party but also to show he absurd disparity between words and reality.
The use of contradictory statements made by Parsons at the canteen in the Ministry of Truth shows juxtaposition in words and reality.
Philosophically, some binaries can’t be resolved

2. Symbol of the glass paperweight: bought by Winston from Mr. Charrington’s junk shop, it comes to symbolise the inner love that Winston shares with Julia. The idea of a piece of coral protected by glass is of something natural and organic, and yet very precious, being encased in something that will protect it, and it is this shared and protected love that constitutes Winston and Julia’s love. It is also this shared and protected love that is destroyed when they are both arrested by the Thought Police, and the paperweight symbolically shatters on the floor.

3. The impinging of the artificial world on the natural world: seen in the very presence of microphones in 1984, Stalin’s control of the Russian landscape, industrial projects and the use of his own people as free labour or slaves reflects the universal subservient to the demands of political and economic forces. 1984 does not predict this as much as it acts as an ideological precursor and justification for such hegemony.

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The scarcity is endemic throughout the novel and this feature is directly drawn from Orwell's real life experience during post-war years where rationing continued right until the 1950's
i.e. right from the opening chapter, we learn that the apartment building is in a dilapidated state, where the elevator doesn't work and he has to walk up seven flights of stairs.

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There are frequent reference to doublethink, for instance the pleasure that Parsons expresses when he meets Winston in the Ministry of Love, knowing that he will surely die there, but nevertheless proud that his children have informed on him. This bizarre and absurd attitude was actually quite common under Starlin, where party members who were accused or about to be either executed or sent to the Gulag would till the very end proclaim their undying love for Starlin.

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Warning of the Possibility of a Future Totalitarian Global Government 

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Warning of the Possibility of a Future Totalitarian Global Government 

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This novel is thus a warning of the possibility of another country of even, by extrapolation, the entire world, slipping into some form of totalitarian government, from which it would be virtually impossible for people to free themselves, for there would be no imbalance of power and therefore no opposition.

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By the means of the monitors, microphones, and ubiquitous telescreens, the Party extends its power by communication technology that is in essence the nervous system of the body politic.

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The party utilises advertising techniques that were becoming increasingly sophisticated during Orwell's own time, to manipulate people into doing what was required of them.

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Language as a form of mind control: The loss of ownership of language is the central concern of the novel. At the beginning of 1984, the diary kept by winston is a symbol of language ownership and is key to Orwell’s concerns. Influenced by the broad use of propaganda and limitation of individual thought capability as a control technique of the Stalinist era, Orwell’s thesis that language and power are very closely bound up and that you cannot have one without the other. By limiting the available language to only those words and phrases that put the state in a good light, then it becomes possible for the party to head off any criticism of their actions by making it impossible to actually think critically about the party.

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1) The church song:
The song has a macabre twist, as Winston associates the song that ends with the words “Here comes a candle to light you to bed, and here comes the chopper to chop off your head!” It is the prelude to the punch line that is almost as frightening as the punch line itself, for the candle seems almost disembodied, moving of its own accord.

2) However, this idea (a place where there is not darkness is an implementation of heaven) is corrupted from the spiritual to the mundane, and become the glare of the continuous lights against the ceramic tiles of the cell walls, keeping prisoners in glaring light for 24 hours a day, a form of torture in itself.

3)   Orwell’s ideas tie in with the emerging fields of language philosophy, though it was only Orwell that was able to trace out the horrifying political implication of language philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein’s idea that the limit of language is the limits of the world.