# data[].attributes.body
Scattered groups used smoke

signals to communicate

Traveled in bands of 30-40 people

Nomadic between the mainland and barrier island because they were poorly equipped

Traveled back and forth to islands in rickety dugout canoes

Practiced ceremonial cannibalism of enemies

Conflicts with colonists led to extinction

# data[].attributes.body
One big tribe was broken up

into small nomadic tribes

Shaman as their medical

and spiritual leader

Economic

Hunt and forage

Geographic

Gulf Coast, Southern Texas, Northern Mexico

One of the poorest regions

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Small bands that moved loosely to find food

No overall chief

Economic

Fish, hunters and gatherers, trade

Geographic

East Texas, West Louisiana

Social

Lived in small lodges made out of grass and reeds

Oyster legend: man said to have been cast up from sea in an oyster shell

European diseases led to extinction

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Led by an inherited chief (caddi)

Made political decisions such as when to go to war or share ceremonial peace pipe

Kin-based groups or bands organized into confederacies

Councils

Economic

Farm, tanners, and trade

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Family bands loosely organized under a chief

Chief proved himself by age, skill, and wisdom

Economic

Hunted buffalo, deer, and wild turkeys

Small gardens used to trade

Geographic

Great Plains

Social

Tepees made of buffalo hides

clothes too

Fierce warriors

# data[].attributes.body
Family bands loosely organized under a chief

Chief proved himself by age, skill, and wisdom

Economic

Hunted buffalo, deer, and wild turkeys

Small gardens used to trade

Geographic

Great Plains and some in Mountains and Basins of west Texas

Social

Tepees and some lived in lodges

clothes of buffalo & deer

Superstitious

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Political
Led by a chief who also served as a medicine man
Chief settled problems
Chief advised by a governor, war chief, and four captains
Economic
Farmed vegetables
Hunted small game
Geographic
El Paso area