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Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts. He was born on July 4, 1804. He had a Puritan legacy that included an uncle who was one of the judge's in Salem witch trials and gave them harsh sentencing. Nathaniel than changed his last name to distance himself from that part of the family. Nathaniel had two sisters, whose father died in 1808 due to yellow fever on the sea. His family was left with many financial struggles. Nathaniel went to Bowdoin College from 1821-1825. On July 9, 1842 Nathaniel married the lovely Sophia Peabody who had been struggling for her health. In 1860 Nathaniel started to age considerably, growing white hair, and experiencing slowness of thoughts. Nathaniel constantly refused to seek help and died on May 9, 1864.

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About Hawthorne's life: leading to his literary achievments

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About Hawthorne's life: leading to his literary achievments

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Nathaniel Hawthorne had lots of literary hobbies and passions throughout his life. When he left for college he immediately began to miss his family so he returned home. Once home, he had lots of free time and wrote many short stories. He published these short stories himself, some examples of them were, "The hollow of the five hills" and "Old Woman's Tale". Although he was passionate about his writing, this did not bring in enough currency to his household so he worked at the Custom house in Salem. He had moved to Salem with his family to live a peaceful life. His job at the Custom house gave his good money but when president Zachary Taylor was elected into government he was fired due to his political preferences. Although this seemed as a bad thing, it turned out to be one of the greater things to happen in his life because it gave him time to write "The Scarlet Letter". He then moved out of Salem and in the election of 1852 he wrote a campaign biography for Franklin Pierce. This led to his victory and as a thank you he gave Nathaniel a job as an American Council in Britain. Nathaniel accepted this job and moved his family there. While in Britain he gained inspiration for "Our Old Home
and his last novel was finished in 1860 called "The Marble Faun".

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SIN
Throughout the story an underlying theme is sin. This is shown in many aspects such as the actual crime committed and the actions that occur due to it. Hester committed the sin of adultery, and through this sin she produced her child Pearl. Many individuals in this Puritan time period believed that people are born with sins from their ancestors. Therefore, Pearl is born with sin and that's why she is also shut out from the rest of the village. Additionally, the sin of adultery in the puritan life is a crime punishable of death, but they let her live so that the citizens will see what life would be like if they commit a serious sin like she did. Furthermore, the theme of sin is shown in Dimmesdale, the man Hester committed adultery with. Although, nobody is aware of his sin he still lives with the sin and is punished by it on a discrete level. He is not able to spend time with his daughter and has to live with the guilt of keeping this sin from the public. Not only is the theme of sin shown in our main protagonist but it is also shown in citizens of the country themselves. In the text it speaks of women looking at hester with shame, not for her but for themselves. That there are probably many women throughout the village who committed the same sin but were not caught. Seeing Hester walk around with her Scarlet Letter may feel like a reminder of their sin. Not only is the theme of sin shown there in the story but it is shown through the government council themselves and the village. The execution of people is a sin as well that the government and people approve of. All in all, the foundation of the village as a whole is sin and that is why a big overall theme of the story is sin.

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GUILT
The theme of guilt is clearly shown throughout the story in many instances. A big indicator of guilt in the story is seen through Reverend Dimmesdale's character. He has to see how his daughter and mother of his daughter have to live in shame on the outskirts of the town due to their sin. Dimmesdale got away with the crime without any punishment or public humiliation. This brings guilt to the reverend because he is hiding his secret affair from everyone in the town. Although he is technically free from all punishment, he is not free from guilt. Hester and Pearl have a guilty free subconscious but Dimmesdale's subconscious is not free. The theme of guilt also leads to Hester reforming herself changing her ways of being in order to be perceived in the community as less of a sinner. The guilt that Hester and Dimmesdale feels leads to them admitting the truth of their lies at the end. It joins them together and their daughter together at the end of the story. Another person who is assumed feels guilt throughout the story is Chillingworth. He can tell that Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl due to his obvious guilt.
Therefore, Chillingworth feels guilty about the acts he commits towards him and leaves money to Pearl. Although, this is not an obvious sin of guilt it does show it in an underlying way. All in all, there is much guilt shown throughout the story and that is why it's an underlying theme.

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Pearl(sin)
Pearl symbolizes the sin of adultery Hester committed with Reverend Dimmesdale. Pearl is a constant reminder of the sin for Hester and the community around them Although, Pearl did not commit any sin and is just a child the Puritan village believes The sins of Pearls mother are passed on to her. Although the community sees her as a child born from sin or as a "Devil", Pearl is actually kind and free-spirited. Hester spends her time attempting to deeply care for the girl because she was outcasted from society as well. She is outcasted from society for the mere reason that everyone sees her as a sin, she is a symbol of the adultery sin. Throughout the story it is mentioned that Pearl acts rudely to those individuals who bully her due to her origin. The way she acts towards individuals may have the outside world symbolize her as a devil child. This shows how Pearl is a symbol of sin not only to the reader but also to the citizens of Salem.

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Scarlet letter(Shame)
The Scarlet Letter is a symbol of shame. This symbol represents shame for Hester and for many other individuals. It is a symbol of shame for Hester because it is an "A" for Adultery the sin she commited with Dimmesdale. She has to wear it around as a constant reminder of her sin and it brings shame to her. She is ashamed of her sin and people shame her for committing it. But not only does the Scarlet Letter bring her shame but it also brings shame to other woman in town. This is because many woman have probably committed the same sin but nobody ever found out. So this Scarlet Letter is a constant reminder to them as well of the shame they should feel for their sins. This Scarlet Letter is also a symbolism of shame for Dimmesdale. Whenever he sees Hester walking around he is reminded of the shame for commiting the sin with her. Another person who feels second hand shame for the Scarlet Letter is Chillingworth, he feels shame because he was married to a woman who committed adultery. All in all, the scarlet letter is a symbol of shame for many characters throughout the story.

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Life in Puritan 17th century Massachusetts Bay Colony 1:

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Life in Puritan 17th century Massachusetts Bay Colony 1:

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During this time period the area of Massachusetts was heavily emigrated by European traders and fisherman. During this time period these colonists suffered from many diseases and famine due to their lack of resources in these newly acquired country. These colonists also were in a series of wars with native american tribes and other countries who were trying to settle in their newly acquired land. During this time period the Puritans settled in these areas for freedom of religious from their strict European ruling. The harvesting of natural resources in these new land gave Puritans the push to come to this new world. Puritans were in search of purifying and reforming the church of England without the harsh England ruling over them. Most of those individuals who migrated to the New world would migrate in families, which is why these new colonies had equal numbers of women and men. Those who migrated to these areas were neither rich or poor they were the middle class. This is due to the fact that the rich saw no point in cultivating land in this unknown world and the poor could not afford to do so.

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Life in Puritan 17th Century Massachusetts Bay Colony 2:

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Life in Puritan 17th Century Massachusetts Bay Colony 2:

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Furthermore, these Puritan immigrants lived a pretty stable economic life. They were able to own houses and bring enough food to feed their big families. At this point when more Puritans decided to migrate it was mainly due to economic reasons rather than the original religious reason. Although this was the case the puritans government was largely based on their religious beliefs. Due to this the Puritans persecuted  those individuals who did not have the same ideals as them. An example of this occurrence was the Quakers and Anglicans. Later on when a new government was established the religious ideals did not have a heavy effect on the government. This lead to many Puritans being scared of the loss of their faith. Many people believed that this was a main cause of the spark of the Salem Witch Trials. During the Salem Witch Trials women were prosecuted if anybody was suspicious of them being witches. Overall, the life of a puritan in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the 17th century was a very socially and economically prosperous era.

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https://spark.adobe.com/sp/design/post/868e39b1-64ec-4f3a-93a2-264414546798
https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-scarlet-letter/themes/sin
https://study.com/academy/lesson/guilt-in-the-scarlet-letter.html
https://www.shmoop.com/scarlet-letter/chart-themes.html
https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-scarlet-letter/symbols/pearl
https://study.com/academy/lesson/pearl-in-the-scarlet-letter-symbolism-analysis.html
http://historyofmassachusetts.org/17th-century-massachusetts/
https://www.greatmigration.org/new_englands_great_migration.html
http://historyofmassachusetts.org/history-of-the-massachusetts-bay-colony/