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People began to use machines instead of hand tools. It changed the way people lived, traveled, and worked

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National roads, was important, it led settlers and goods from the east to new states in the western part of the US.

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Ch 2 Lyddie feels sad about leaving charlie behind. She didn't wan't Luke stevens watching while they were saying goodbye. 

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Ch 2 Lyddie feels sad about leaving charlie behind. She didn't wan't Luke stevens watching while they were saying goodbye. 

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Lyddie and Charlie sell their calf to Quaker Stevens, he gives them a fair price for it. Mr.Stevens became concerned that Lyddie and Charlie were  alone in winter. They ate lunch  with them, who are wealthy. They own their own loom, have plenty of food, and a large farm. Luke Stevens takes them to Baker's mill and Cutler's tavern. While Lyddie is away from her farm, Luke will take care of it and of Charlie.

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A bear comes to their cabin and eats the porridge. Lyddie, Charles, Rachel, agnes, and her mother, Mattie hide in the loft. They are so relieved from it that they laugh histerically.

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Lyddie meets a lady wearing a silk dress who works at the Mills in Lowell, MA. The lady tells her that she is paid 2 dollars a week and is independent there. She also tells that Lyddie is a good worker and that she could work there; Lyddie thinks she is lying.

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Lyddie is used to being in charge of her family farm. when she walked into Cutler's Tavern, she thought, I ain't free anymore... No matter how handsome the house, once I enter I'm a servant girl-no more than a black slave

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Lyddie no longer carded or spun her own wool from her on sheep. It was sent to Nashua NH where it could be done in gigantic water powered mill. Western Railroads were bringing such cheap wool to the Lowell factories that a New England  sheep farmer couldn't complete. It was what her father had said, but his flock had been much smaller than Cutler's, so their family felt the pinch.

Lyddie overhears Otis and Enoch, two employed workers, talking about slave catching. The are discussing about the slave who was caught up at Ferrisburg, would they turn in a runaway for $100 reward? Lyddie has never seen a black person... and supposing it was a fugitive, what then

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Lyddie is worried about her father and Charlie, she wonders if her father is even still alive or dead. Will he ever come back home

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Triphena tells Lyddie she can visit her brother at Baker's Mill, when Lyddie arrives, Charlie is at school. She wouldn't be envious of charlie. Charlie belonged to her not to them.
But she didn't want to embarrass him, so she decides to head to her cabin. When she arrives at her cabin, sh ethinks Luke is there, but "In the dim light, his hands and face were very dark... she was looking at a black man."

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Lyddie comes back home and discovers a stranger in her cabin, a black man. She has a conversation with him and thinks he is the fugitive runaway slave. His name is Ezekial and he left his family behind to get his freedom North in Canada. Lyddie gives him the calf money, he promises to give it back in return.

When she gets back to the tavern, she is dismissed by the mistress because she left when she wasn't there, so she decides to go in Lowell, to the Mills, so she could earn money for the debts.

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Lyddie takes the money from Tryphena to take a stagecoach to Lowell. Lyddie works for a week at a different tavern to earn a bit of money. When she takes the stagecoach, it gets stuck in the muddy ruts in the dirt road. She gets fed up with the other riders who don't help, and she pulls the wheels of the mud. She gets mad at them because they look down at her, then she finds them to be useless as she gets the stagecoach out of the mud by herself. The cach driver, however, brings her to her sister in Lowell.

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Lyddie feels overwhelmed or  awestruck when she arrives at Lowell. The buildings were  giants five or six stories high. It was a large city and teh buildings were crowded together. It was noisy too!!
She would not begin to be afraid now, she who had starred down a bear and conversed easily with a black man.

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Once again Lyddie is amazed to be among so many girls in the boardinghouse. Mrs Bealow tells her she has to look presentable if she wants to work in the Mills

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Industrial Revolution for Kids | A simple yet comprehensive overview

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Mrs. Bealow explains to her that she can't be tardy and must be here when the bells ring. Lyddie becomes aware of the thudding and the noise in the fourth floor, she also tells her that Mr. Mardsen is expecting her

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"Creation! what a noise! Clatter and clack, great shuddering moans, groans, cracks and rattles."
Lyddie again is overwhelmed
with the heaving room. Row upon row of weaving machines. "Shuttles holding the weft thread hurtled themselves like beasts of prey through the tall forest of warp threads and beaters slammed the threads tightly into place;

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She meets Mr. Marsden, the overseer, who assigns her loom, then she meets Diana, an experienced factory worker, who will teach her how to use the loom. Diana explains her the "kiss of death" where she puts her mouth on the shuttle hole and sucked out the weft threads. Bacteria and grime are left behind. Diana explains to her that they don't get paid when they ruin a piece. Lyddie tells Amelia, Betsy and Prudence that she met Diana, who was kind to her. Prudence tells that Diana is a RADICAL!

Lyddie goes to Diana's boardinghouse, she finds out that Diana is about Sarah Bagley, Amelia Sargeant, Mary Emerson and Hudlah Stone, who were part of the Female Labor Reform Association.
They want to improve working conditions in the factory: better pay, better hours, and better environment.
When she returns home, Amelia Cate confronts her and asks her if Diana asked her to join.
Diana gives her paper and postage to send letters to her family. She tells her mom she has found work in Lowell. She writes Charlie to tell him she is at Lowell and working to pay off the debts

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Lyddie couldn't go home because she was under a one year contract. She would lose her position if she left to visit Charlie. She could be Blacklisted, meaningg that she wouldn't be able to work at another mill

Diana Goss tells her about the 10 hour mocement on the 4th of July.
She doesn't want to go or sign the petition because she is scared to lose her job.

On the way from sunday service, she sees Diana with a beared gentleman. When Lyddie waves hello, Diana turns her head away

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It's Lyddie's first day of work. She has trouble breathing in the mill because of the lint and the dust. The windows are nailed shut and she can't get air. Diana comes to her and tells her Mr.Mardsen is watching her. Her loom has stalled and has broken warp thread. When the bell rings at quiting time, Lyddie is not hungry for all of the food put on the table, instead she finds relief  in listening to betsy read Oliver by Charles Dickens, she can relate to the book because it is about poor people and wothput food. She thinks about how she and her siblings are hungry.

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1Traveling on canals could carry loads easily at less coast than wagons on land
2The most important canal in US is the Erie Canal in NY
3It started along the Hudson River and ended in lake Erie
4 Investors  were asked to buy stock in the Erie Canal
5 Irish immigrants came to the US to build the Canal
6 They were more paid there than in Ireland
7 It made NYC the leading city in US trade
8 in 1825, the Erie Canal opened.
9 The success of the Erie canal set a canal building boom

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1 canal building lasted a short time in the US
2 Steamboats soon became the most used form of travel on water
3 railroads changed the way people and goods traveled on land
4 The Steam engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen, a british inventor in the 1700s
5 It boiled water to power its moving parts
6 Robert Fulton used it to power steamboats
7 The Clermont, Fulton's steamboat traveled from the Udson River to Albany
8 They were used to power locomotives on railroads
9 Railroads made it easier and cheaper to move goods from one side of the US to another part
10 As railroads grew, so did the manufacturing in the US

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Textiles: spun thread into cloth from a loom
1 Britain, the only country in the world to have textiles machines
2 Britain wanted to keep them for themselves
3 Plans and machines weren't allowed in other country
4 Samuel Slater memorized how each irons and wooden spool worked
5 He let Britain under disguise and  went to Patucket RI, and there, he opened the first large scale mill in the US
6 Early mills were built near rushing rivers for more power
7 Waterwheels powered the machines near them
8 Steam engines were also used to power machines
9 It allowed production to expand and allowed textile mills and other factories to be built.
10 More people worked in factories instead of at home
11 Workers didn't need the same type of skills
12 Factory workers were trained to run the machines
13 Many workers were women, children, and immigrants
14 Francis Cabot Lowell developed a new system on arganization of factories
15 He put the entire system under one roof called the Waltham system
16 he provided boardinghouses and good living conditions for his workers.
17 Eli Whitney invent all interchangeable parts of guns
18 Mass production is a system of producing large amounts of goods at one time
19 Supply and demand is when the supply of a product is high, prices fall
20 When the supply of products lessen, the cost becomes higher.

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While Lyddie is working at her 3 looms, she begins to learn to read by herself on copied pages of Oliver Twist to impress Charlie. She wants to learn to read because it helps her escape the horrors of the workroom such as long hours.

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Lyddie receives a letter from her mother stating that Agnes had died,   and Rachel was doing "poorly" . She had neglected to send money to her mother. She feels guilty over this. Lyddie must work harder. She should earn more money, to pay what they owed, so she could bring her family together. She doesn't want to be an orphan like Diana. She is now tending 4 looms. She feels anxious at the end of the chapter because of the ten hour day petition.

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Mr.Marsden , the overseer, has been watching her. He brings people around, and says " one of my best girls." That evening, she has a conversation with Betsy and Amelia about silly novels. Lyddie defends Oliver Twist, who leads them into a thirteen hours day's work. There is a petition circulating around the Mill about the 10 hours day and the looms are sent up to a "Demon's pace" Betsy thinks about signing the petition and leaving to the OHIO college in Oberlin. Betsy tells Lyddie she let a turnout at 10. "It is not good to rebel against authority." Amelia says, Lyddie says "I am not a slave!"

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Lyddie is worried about petitions and turnout. She avoids Diana because of her radicalism. She knew Mr.Marsden was watching the girls stop by Diana's looms. Lyddie was worried about the money in order to pay her debts. She writes to her mother and tells her how hard she is working at the mill. She encloses a dollar for food and clothing, however, she has a hard time writing to Charles. Lyddie  doesn't want to fall behind in her productions, therefore, she doesn't work in the new irish mill girls. Lyddie is hit by a shuddle in the head. She doesn't remember how it happened. Diana helps her get up and helps her with a handkerchief. Marsden appears and tells Diana to get her out of here. She doesn't want to pay for a doctor because it costs money. When the doctor arrives at the boardinghouse , she reckognizes him as the man who Diana was walking with on Merimack St.

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Mr.Marsden stops by Lyddie's looms, and gives pats and complimentary smiles. This makes Lyddie feel uncomfortable. She thinks he is a strabge little man. The  overseer are offered prices to them girls who make most good in pay period. Immigrants are now hired in the mills because they are willing to work for less pay

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Lyddie was able to keep up pace with the speed up of the machines. She thinks of them as of Clumsy Bears. At the Lawrence Corporation, a girl had slipped on an icy staircase. She broke her neck, a man loading finished bolts of cloths onto the railroad cars was runover and crushed. While there were no deaths at the Concord Co. One of the girls had caught her hair into the machinery.

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Lyddie goes back to work quickly after she was hit by the shuttle. There was no doctor's bill to pay for.
Betsy has come down with a terrible cough. She coughs a lot and can't stop. Lyddie becomes worried about her. Lyddie  didn't realize Betsy had been like this. Amelia makes Betsy promise to see a doctor. Amelia leaves the factory because her Father found herr a better job.

Mr.Marsden tells her that she will have to help a new girl who may slow her down. He has confidence in her because she is his prize girl. He makes her feel uncomfortable and awkward again when he touches her shoulder. I'm not your girl, I'm not anybody's girl but my own

Betsy has tuberculosis and is sent to the hospital. Her brother can't come to Lowell, therefore, she needs to wait for her uncle to pick her up.

Lukr Stevens pays Lyddie a visit to the boardinghouse. She doesn't reckognize him at first. He tells her that he needs to go get the freight. She doesn't understand what he is talking about. He give her a package with the $50 he owed her. Lyddie writes to her mother to ask how much the debt is

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Lydia has visit from her Uncle, Judah. He tells her that her mother has never been stout.

Lydia will have to take care of Her little sister, Rachel. Lydia says she will take care of her until she pays the debt of the farm. Judah tells her it has been sold. then, he left. Lydia begs mrs.Bedlow to keep Rachel with her. She accepted.

Lydia writes to Charles and tells him about the sad news, and that he absolutely needs to stop Judah.

Mr Marsden tells laddie that she must tell Brigid that she must speed or she wouldn't stay.

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Lyddie ignores the rusty saw hacking through her own chest.

Lyddie is assigned a new immigrant, Brigid, who has trouble learning quickly and she can't control the loom. The shuttle hits her in the shoulder. Lyddie doesn't like the fact that Brigid has sucked the thread on the shuttle. Lyddie turns out of patience. Diana comes to Lyddie's aid and helps Brigid. She tells Lyddie that "we are allowed to be fools for the first week, aren't we.

Again, Lyddie thinks Diana wants her to sign the petition. When Lyddie watches betsy go, she says, "When I'm ready to go myself, maybe I could sign that petition. Not for me. I don't need it, but for Betsy and the others. It ain't right for this place to suck the strenght out of their youth, the cast them up like dry dust to the wind

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Lyddie helps Brigid by giving money for her mother. In return, Brigid comes to the mill to clean up and set up the machines. Mr.Marsden is very pleased with Brigid and Lyddie. She is coming down with fever and has no defenses. Suddenly, Mr. Marsden puts his hand on her shoulder to tell her something but she is hot with fever. She doesn't interpret what he is telling her, is he saying her to go home? is she sick?
But she raised her foot boot and stomped her heel down with all her might. Lyffie doesn't go to work for awhile for she is very sick. Many people take care of her. Brigid comes with a special concoction. Diana is there with Rachie. Lyddie is scared Rachie will get sick. Her fever suddenly breaks, and Rachie says, "You didn't die, we can still hop"

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Lyddie recovers from her fever and regrets stomping on Mr.Marsden's foot. She tells Diana the whole story, and Diana LOLs! Diana tells Lyddie that Mr.Marsden worries and misses her. Lyddie has mistaken his actions as kindness. Rachel comes down with a bad cough. Lyddie worries that she gets real sick and end up like Betsy. Lyddie knows that she needs to send Rachel away so she isn't breathing poison air. She doesn't know where she can send her, she doesn't even have a home anymore.
On an evening in June, Charlie visits to pay Lyddie a

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Charlie comes to visit Lyddie and brings news about uncle Judah and the Phinneys. He is now their apprentice and is finally "their son". Mrs. Phinney wants a daughter. Rachel will go live with them and go to school. Lyddie now has lost her family. Lyddie does the right thing because rachel will be taken care of. Lyddie is all alone. Charlie gives her a letter from Luke Stevens. She reads it a week later. It says that the farm has been sold to jerimiah Stevens for her sons. Luke also asks Lyddie to marry him. She rips up the letter and bursts into tears. She is overwhelemed with anger, frustration, and sadness

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lyddie feels empty and alone without Rachel. She lost her family to the Phinneys . but she knows it is for the best. She doesn't know why she's working so hard: the farm's been sold. She worked hard because it's all she knew. She feels that she is too late for everything. Too late to save the farm and her family, and too late to ign the petition.

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Lyddie learns that Diana was going to get a baby. She can't marry Dr. Craven because divorce isn't allowed. So the rumour around the mill is that she has been dismissed with an honorable discharge, just before she could have been blacklisted.

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Brigid has two looms and will start her third. Lyddie is proud that Mr.Marsden doesn't pat or give her smiles. She bought the bible, and an autobiography of fred Douglass. A ranway slave that became free. Lyddie was strong again and happy not to carry the burden of debt and the wellfare of other persons.

Lyddie leaves her work to look for Brigid but can't find her. She goes upstairs and sees Mr. Marsden has put his hands on Brigidshe takes the fire bucket and spills it on Marsden's head. She grabs Brigid and runs out of the mill. Lyddie starts to laugh because she can hear the angry bear inside her head. She makes sure brigid is OK and protects her<

Lyddie receives two letters. One from Charlie telling her that Rachel is fine and that Luke has had no reply. She gets mad and almosttears up the letter. Then she receives another one telling her that her mother died

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Mr. Marsden accuses Lyddie of her moral turpitude, and the agent beleives him without question, therefore, she receives a dishonorable discharge. She goes to say goodbye to Brigid. She gives her a letter to send Mrs.Marsden telling what really happens in the weaving room. Then she goes to visit Diana, who laughs at the accusation. She then goes to cutler's tavern and finally goes to her cabin. Then she sees Luke and tells him that she is going in a college in Ohio where they take women. she says to herself, "We can still hop, Luke Stevens."