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Various ´ports and connectors are used to connect input, output,storage, and networking devices,.Using standard ports allows hardware devices to be compatible with many different systems,saving on costs for both users and manufacturers.

VGA: Used for connecting a standard and interactive whiteboards also use VGA connectionjs.

DVI: Digitalvideo interface and the newer high definition multimedia interface are used to connector

SATA and eSATA: For connecting players. eSATA is a version of SATA used for connecting external devices

IDE: An older standard for cvonnecting hard disks. used for devices like:CD and DVD drives

USB: Universal serial Bus, for connecting a wide variety of peripherals including mice,keyboar, external hard disks, digitalcameras, printers,scanners, and flash drives

Firewire: used for different peripherals including digital videocameras and externalhard disks.

Ethernet: Wired internet access,available on virtually all computers

PS2: A cable use to connect mice and keyboards generally superseded by USB

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A failover system is one designed to keep a system runinng if the primary system fails.
A RAID(redundant array of independent disks) array is a failover system for hard disks .
Althought RAID is very useful if a hard disk fails,it is not a replacement for daya backups
UPS provides a redundant power source in case

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The secutity of our data becomes increasingly important especially when computers are lost or stolen, or old hardware is thrown away.

117 drives (74%) contained data that they could recover and read

12 drives (9%) had been correctly erased

29 drives failed to work

Where goes the data deleted?
The MIT students were able to recover data from hard disk because deleting a file on a computer does not normally remove the files actual data.
Solutions:
There are only two ways to ensure data is fully removed fromk ypur hard disk by either physically destroying the hard disk or by using special disk wiping software
If the intention is to reuse the disk , a less exciting solution is to use specialist disk wiping or secure deletion software.

Storing data : Bits and Bytes

Representing all of its data internally as binary digits, ones and zeroes. these ones anfd zeroes are known as bits
Eight bits are gruped together, bytes themselves are grouped into increasingly larger units called kilobytes,megabytes ,gigabytes and terabytes
A byte might represent in a letter in a document, or it might present the colour of a pixel on the Screen
ASCII CODE
ASCII is a standard coding scheme for representing text using the english alphabet,each byte of data represents a single character
ASCII uses one byte per character, the maximum numer of characters ASCII can represent is 128
Unicode: Unicode uses up to 4 bytes to represent each character, allowing many thousands of characters to be represented
The modern opeerating systems are windows, windows 7, Mac OS, and Linux, they use UNICODE

Plain Text
ASCII and unicode are both examples of plain text standards
Plain text files are usually saved by programms known as text editors

Graphic Standards:
Computer graphics are represented as bits and bytes just like all other computer data. Each pixel in an image uses three bytes of storage space.

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are any items of hardware that computer uses to present data to the user

Screens: all computer
systems

Printers: They produce hard copies of files and documents

Speakers: Use as entretainment and have a busy enviroment

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items of the hardware that allow entry of information into the computer.

Keyboards: QWERTY keyboard virtually on laptops and desktop computers

Concept Keyboards: custom function in, used in stores to register a purchase and rapid input

Soft Keyboards: more accessible than regular keyboards, series of buttons drawn on a monitor.

Mice: Standard pointing device on most desktop computers, two buttons with a scroll wheel in the centre to perfom tasks

Trackballs: Large ball, more usable than a mouse , make compuiters accesible to anyone who cant move the mouse on the desk.

Touch Pads: common input devices on laptops, multi-touch.

Touch screens: interact with computers using their hand or stylus, used in Airports and banks.

Microphones: Allow sound data to be input in the computer with voice recognition software

Game Controllers: Joystcks and game pads, used by games players, some include motion sensors

Barcode Scanners: determine the amount reflected light, used in supermarkets and defines how a barcode stores its information

Magentic Stripe: bank cards, credit cards,and present in most electronic cards.

Smart cards: plastic credit cards,with normal magnetic stripes.

Optical Mark Recognition: input method for reading and counting multiple choice style answer papers

magnetic ink character recognition: iron particles, making it magnetic. text is written in a special font

Scanners: device for digitizing a piece of paper,converts.

Sensores and probes: analog data, measuring a physical word, digital data, stored in a computer.

Digital cameras: image, video and sound , USB or firewire

Webcams: video camera, video conference

Radio Tags: Are used for locating objects . emit radio signals

Radio frequency identification: two components WFID, tag which is attached to the surface of an item and an RFID reader to query the tag and retrieve information.

concerns about RFID: allows tracking the individual items.

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Supercomputers: High Processing, most expensive, the largest and fastest

Mainframes: Poweful, optimised, read large amounts of data

Desktop Computers: Common in society,  cheap, adjustable ,monitor and separate keyboard and mouse

Laptop computers : Standard Keyboards, LCD screen, Wi-Fi without cables and thin Screens.

Netbooks: Lower specifications, Small RAM, very slow processor and low resolution screen

Personal Digital assistant: larger screen than mobile phones, Rapid communication, quick viewing no keyboard and internet access

Smartphones: send text messages, voice calls, digital cameras, record video, run applications, and search on internet.

Embedded Systems: founded in cars, for the electric system of the vehicle, only one task in specific, inmediate output and run for very long periods.

# data[].attributes.body
Are the physical parts of the computer which work together to input,process,store and output data.