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The main cause of PTSD is some sort of trauma or drastic event happening in one's environment. It specifically develops after a very stressful, or frightening event. Or after a prolonged traumatic experience. PTSD can occur at any age, but it's after a traumatic event. It isn't gender specific, so it can happen to either male or females. The biological features relate to neurochemical features. PTSD usually occurs when the levels and amounts of catecholamine, serotonin, amino acid, peptide, and opioid neurotransmitters are off. These all are factors of what cause our fear and stress responses. PTSD is mostly triggered by something happening in one's environment. The environmental trigger or cause is usually caused when someone experiences, witnesses, or learns about a trauma relative to their environment.

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The DSM-V Criteria includes five things. The First criteria is the person has been exposed to a traumatic event. The second criteria is the traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in multiple ways. The third criteria is that there is persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness. The fourth criteria is the persistent symptoms of increased arousal as indicated by difficulty in falling or staying asleep and difficulty concentrating. Lastly, the fifth criteria is the duration of the disturbance is more than one month.Some symptoms of PTSD may include re-experiencing the trauma, emotional numbness and avoidance of places. Some may experience dramatic Flashbacks and even nightmares. The duration of the symptoms last up to three to four months.

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Direct treatment for PTSD include different types of psychotherapy or medication. Some of these psychotherapies my include, Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EDMR). PE Therapy, short for Prolonged Exposure therapy is therapy that teaches you how to gain control by facing your negative feelings. CPT, short for Cognitive Processing Therapy, is a type of therapy that teaches you to reframe negative thoughts about the trauma. EDMR, short for Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, is the type of therapy that helps you process and make sense of your trauma. Out of these three types of the therapies, the type of therapy that I think is the most effective is Prolonged Exposure Therapy. I think this is the most effective because it helps you with facing the trauma and facing these negative thoughts of the traumatic event.

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In this article, the author Lexi Merrick suffers from PTSD. She describes her PTSD as if it is a big horror in her life that she is always constantly re-experiencing. One misconception I had about PTSD is that I didn't believe how serious it really was and how much and how many people suffer from it from a day to day basis.

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Having PTSD is beyond scary. Most can't fathom the depths of its terror. It is like there is a deep dark sadness and it engulfs you, crushing your lungs until it seeps into you. It wraps itself around your organs and bones so you feel this sadness throughout your whole being. It begins to define you. It even seeps into your brain where it wreaks havoc. It drags you kicking and screaming into the past with nightmares and flashbacks over and over again. It makes the horrors of the past real and present dangers. There is no getting away from them. You can't outrun them. You can't reason with them. They are all there to stay for good.

All the while people look at you and wonder why you can't just move on and get over it? You go through all this completely and utterly alone.

You find yourself trapped in this dark abyss with no way out because it is all in your head and your body. Some days you wish you could just claw your skin off, reach inside and release your spirit to the great beyond and be free of this agony.

You try to find something, anything that feels normal but normal is a thing of the past. Normal is long gone. This is your new normal; fear, isolation, and sadness. There is nothing you can do to break free of this. You can't think your way out as hard as you try, you will always be dragged back to the darkness. There are no words that will make it all go away as if words helped at all. You can't even pray it away. The darkness of PTSD wins. It always wins. Fighting it only makes you more hopeless.

As you descend further and further into the depths you lose more and more people in your life as they perceive you to be a monster when really it's not you at all. They fear you because of your outbursts and odd behavior. They don't see you. The monster, PTSD is holding you hostage and the real you is stuck screaming for help but the monster drowns out your screams. So you are helpless as you are forced to watch your loved ones turn their backs on you when beneath the darkness you have a heart full of love for them.

Eventually, you start to believe this monster and see it as a friend and protector. You see it as something to keep you safe. So you listen to it. It tells you things like:

"Stay away from people! They are dangerous! Remember all the times when they hurt you?"

"You feel happy? It won't last. Don't trust it. Joy always turns to sadness. Remember all those times when it was true?"

"Don't forget to look for an exit in case you have to escape."

"Don't let that person in your life. They're going to leave you like everyone else."

"Don't get your hopes up. Remeber last time you got hurt?"

This monster is a liar but does it really know any better? Maybe it is trying to protect and help you but at what cost? Just your sanity.

A presence. A silent presence to sit with us in our darkness would ease the burden but there are no souls brave enough to enter into this bottomless cavern. There is no one who has the strength or courage to lament with us about our sufferings.

So we sit here alone in this deep darkness trying to survive the best we can while the rest of the world sits in judgment.

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Having PTSD is beyond scary. Most can't fathom the depths of its terror. It is like there is a deep dark sadness and it engulfs you, crushing your lungs until it seeps into you. It wraps itself around your organs and bones so you feel this sadness throughout your whole being.

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We diagnosed Kimmy with PTSD is because she had a major traumatic event that happened in her environment. At a very young age Kimmy was kidnapped and held in a bunker. She was told that the world was ending, so as you could believe her whole life changed. After being in the bunker for 15 years and being controlled by the reverend, Kimmy was found. The first sign of PTSD, was she had a traumatic event in her environment. Then after this event, she started to experience flashbacks and nightmares about being kidnapped. We then also see her having indigestion problems.

1) https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/60a4a6bd-aaf9-4828-b4de-598eaf4835eb

2)https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/ad740a41-f1c0-418a-9c3f-f5195698687c

3) https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/b56ebeff-5d82-42e6-8577-849a84ca0f60

4) https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/e40066f5-2782-4804-a4f6-4c35f5034074

5) https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/aec88bfa-d2bb-44bd-a035-38d60443be9c

6) https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/b81225c5-50e9-4d04-8c4d-b3cc7e9b9974

(She though she was driving a taxi, and woke up on a roller coaster)

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https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/treatment/therapy-med/treatment-ptsd.asp

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/causes/

https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/symptoms

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/1215/p2401.html

https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/ptsd-overview/dsm5_criteria_ptsd.asp

https://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/treatment/therapy-med/treatment-ptsd.asp