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The Barro Calorado island in panama hosts 72 different species of bats, but it is only 15 km²!

This works because:

Different roosting requirements

Different mating rituals

Rich tropical food sources

Hunt at different elevations and at different times

(Information from the documentary Bat Women of Panama₎

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Comparison between  Phyllostomus discolor (Pale Spear-nosed bat) and Phyllostomus hastatus (Greater spear-nosed bat)

The 2 species occupy different regions of South America

The only differences in chromosomes were between autosomal pair 15, in the positioning of the centromere

All in the family Phyllostomus are very similar

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/%0D/gmb/v23n3/4355.pdf

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the protein prestin helps hair cells in the inner ear intensify sounds

It could be used in echolocation

in 2 distantley related bats, parts of the protein were identical

The protein is different  in non-echolocating bats

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/hear-bats-and-whales-share-sonar-protein

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The forelimb skeletal structure is a common homologous structure in the Animal Kingdom

All bats, whales, humans, etc share the same number and simular constructuion of forelimb bones.

Bats share the structure, and they even have 5 digits like us.

https://biologywise.com/examples-of-homologous-structures

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All bats  can actually propel themselves with their wings, which separates them from flying squirrels and flying lemurs.

The Monophyly Hypothesis states that bats are  evolved from one single flying-mammalian ancestor.

Some  think that microchiropteran and megachiropteran bats evolved independently, megachiroptera possibly are more closely related to other mammals such as Primates.

http://eol.org/pages/7631/details#morphology

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What do these Fossils Tell Us about Evolution?

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What do these Fossils Tell Us about Evolution?

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In general, the bat fossil record isn't extensive-- only from the Eocene

Onychonycteris finneyi is the oldest known bat fossil

-it's the most primitive; claws, long hind limbs and a lack of echolocation

Onychonycteris is the only evidence for a possible ancestor- possibly a long-limbed climbing mammal

Icaronycteris is the 2nd oldest fossil. It shows signs of echolocation by auditory regions in its skull, and it has the feature characteristics of modern bats- diversification begins

"Flight First" theory

The genus Palaeochiropteryx had broad, short wings, which made them adapted to slow maneuverable flight near the forest floor. - Shows diversification

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Eocene Epoch

-Around 50 Million years

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/eutheria/chirofr.html

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Eocene Epoch
-Around 50 million years
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fossil-Evidence-and-the-Origin-of-Bats-Gunnell-Simmons/361e8ef5e55ac0071b3bfb012481686ec79d0d4e/figure/2

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Middle Eocene
- Around 40 million years
http://www.fossilmall.com/fossils/gf117/palaeochiropteryx-messel-bat-fossil.htm

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Middle Eocene
- Around 40 million years
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/Messel/messelbat/Palaeochiropteryx.htm

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Middle Eocene
- Around 40 million years
http://www.sculptedstone.com/index.cfmfuseaction=arc.sh_item&prod_id=3450

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Eocene Epoch
-52 million years
http://dragonflyissuesinevolution13.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Evolutionary_History_of_Bats:_Order_Chiroptera

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Animalia-Chordata- Mammalia-Chiroptera-Vespertilionidae-Myotis-Myotis volans

Western US, Mexico and Canada; Forested mountain regions

Roost: Trees, rocks, mines and caves

Long tail, short ears

1 ft wingspan

Insect-eater

Males and females seperate in Summer

1 offspring at a time

http://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMACC01110, http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1/myotvola.htm, http://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AMACC01110, http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Myotis_volans/

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Animalia-Chordata- Mammalia-Chiroptera-Pteropodidae-Pteropus-Pteropus chrysoproctus

Eastern Indonesia

Fruit-eating and tropical

Very large

Better-developed eyes

Small groups

Deteriorating

https://www.britannica.com/animal/flying-fox

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/99688187/0

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Animalia-Chordata- Mammalia-Chiroptera-Molossidae-Nytihomops- Nytihomops macrotis

Southeastern US, Mexico, and   South America

Roost in rocky crevices

Bi-colored dark, glossy coats

Free tail

Long narrow wings

Maternity colonies

Echolocation

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Nyctinomops_macrotis/

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Chiroptera, commonly known as "bat", is an order of the class Mammalia. It includes bats and ONLY bats.

Over 900 species, and 1/4 of all mammals!

5 elongated digits on each forelimb that supports the patagium

True flight

Outward-projecting hind limbs

Nocternal

Well developed ears

Form colonies

Females= prime caretaker

Migrate and hibernate

EVERYWHERE, except polar regions... especially tropic

Roost: caves, trees, even buildings

http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1/ordchiro.htm
https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chiroptera/