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Definition: Feeling of anxiety and uncertainty experienced by the reader about the outcome of events or the protagonist's destiny.
Example:
"The Landlady" ends with a cliff hanger which creates suspense for the reader because we don't know what will happen to Billy. Since there was some foreshadowing in the story, there is more suspense because we know that Billy dying is a possibility. The reader is left wondering what will happen and wanting more.

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Definition: This gives a hint of what is to happen later in the story. It prepares the reader for what is about to happen.
Example:
In the short story "Never Stop on the Motorway", the title is foreshadowing that something will happen with stopping on the motorway. The title prepares you for the possibility of an important action happening while on the motorway.

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Definition: A plot device which shifts the story from the present to the past, usually done in order to illustrate an important point or to reveal a change in character.
Explanation:
In the short story "Happiness", most of the story is told in a flashback. The old man tells the story of him visiting Corsica 5 years ago and how he discovered a new meaning of love.

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Definition: Two levels of meaning, a literal level and figurative level. Characters, objects, events and settings can all be symbolic in that they represent something else beyond themselves. The dove is literally a bird but it has come to figuratively represent peace,
Example:
In "The Painted Door", the storm symbolizes the mixed and conflicting feelings Ann is feeling in her head. The flurry of emotions that mirror the storm and its intensity

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Definition: A direct or indirect reference to a familiar figure, place, or event from history, literature, mythology or from the Bible. Most allusions expand or develop a significant idea, impression or mood.
Example:
" She climbed back and switched on the ignition to find Gloria Gaynor was still belting out her opinion of men" - Never stop on the Motorway by Jeffrey Archer

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Definition: The perspective from which a story is told.
Example:
"The Painted Door" is told in a third person omniscient narrative. The narrator tells the thoughts and feelings of both John and Ann. Which shows that the narrator is aware of how they're feeling but is still an outside view.

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Definition: The storyline or organization of incidents in a story is called plot. It consists of episodes and conflict. Plots usually have rising and falling actions.
Example:
The plot of "The Landlady" is that a young man is in need of a place to stay while he is in England. He ends up going to this small B&B and meeting an old and strange landlady. While staying at the B&B the man discovers many bizarre findings. This story is different in the way that the climax ends at the end of the story and there is no resolution.

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Definition: Setting is most often considered to mean the time and place in which a story is placed; however, equally important aspects are the social environment or values generally shared by society, the minor characters who form a realistic backdrop with which the main characters must act and react.
Example:
"Billy Weaver had travelled down from London on the slow afternoon train, with a change at Swindon on the way, and by the time he got to Bath it was about nine o'clock  in the evening...".- The Landlady

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Visiting Bath - what to expect; getting there and sightseeing

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Make an informed choice when visiting Georgian Bath

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Situational irony: This occurs when a set of circumstances turn out differently from what was expected or considered appropriate
Example:
In the story "The Happiness Machine", Leo ended up making a machine that made everyone more unhappy than before.
Dramatic irony definition: This occurs when the author shares information with the reader, information not known by the character
Example:
In "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl, we know that Billy will eventually die because the landlady poisoned the tea that he drank yet he is not aware of his fate

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Definition: This is what causes the character to do what he or she does.
Example:
In the short story "The Painted Door" by Sinclair Ross, Ann's motivation to sleep with Steven was the feeling of isolation and loneliness she felt with John.

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Definition: Language used in a way to force words out of their literal meanings and, by emphasizing their connotations, to bring new insight and feelings.
Personification: Personification is a figure of speech that is used to give an animal or object human qualities
Simile: A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison showing similarities between two different things using the words “like” or “as.”
Example:

"Fluttering through it like a bird, hovering in it like a spirit." -Happiness

Metaphor: Metaphor is a figure of speech that makes an implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but  share some of the same characteristics.
Example:
"Now suddenly they were the swift little snakes that this afternoon she had watched twist and shiver across the snow."-The Painted Door
Example of personification:
"Silent now, too, head back, he listened to the elm leaves above, hissing in the wind."- The Happiness Machine by Ray Bradbury

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Definition of both: The atmosphere and mood is the prevailing feeling that is created in a story. They usually set up the reader's expectations about the ending or outcome of the plot. Atmosphere and mood are usually created through the dialogue and imagery.
Example:
"She answered, with a voice that came from the heart, "Oh yes, very happy. He has made me very happy. I have never regretted anything." - Happiness
This quote shows that the mood/atmosphere was happy and loving

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Definition: The representation though language of sense experience. The image most often suggests a mental picture, but an image may also represent smell, sound, taste or tactical experience.
Example:
"Above the sea, at the edge of the horizon, an enormous, indistinct gray mass was emerging." - Happiness by Guy de Maupassant

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Definition: It is the central idea of the story, usually implied rather than directly stated. Sometimes a message about life and self improvement.
Example:
"Can one love continuously for years?" - Happiness
One of the themes in this story is everlasting love and it taught a lesson about how far people will go for the ones they love

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Definition: This is a term used to describe the fictional persons who carry out the action of the story. It also refers to the personality and moral attitudes of a fictional person. Characters may be described as:
Round character: a realistic character having several sides to their nature
Dynamic: often the protagonist, undergoes a significant, lasting change, usually in their outlook of life
Static: one who does not change throughout the whole story
Flat: a limited character, usually a minor character who has only one apparent quality
Example of a dynamic character:
Leo once thought that happiness only came from Paris, dancing and seeing the sunset. At the end of the story he realizes that his happiness comes from his family and current life. - The Happiness Machine

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Purpose of Family - Happiness in Family Life

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Find happiness in family life as you become closer to God. The purpose of family is to help you and loved ones progress, which is part of God's plan.