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By: Safiyah Sadek

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"Global studies of women in recent years have painted a bleak picture of the status of women around the world."--Holt History Textbook

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"Global studies of women in recent years have painted a bleak picture of the status of women around the world."--Holt History Textbook

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How has religious tradition played a role in the shaping women’s roles in Ireland and in Turkey?

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How has religious tradition played a role in the shaping women’s roles in Ireland and in Turkey?

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Religious tradition played a role in the shaping women’s roles in Ireland and in Turkey by limiting their access to major roles in the community and/or country. Ireland is a predominantly Roman Catholic country. Irish women's access to major roles were at times limited because of the Catholic Churches strong influence on society and politics. However, when its grip started to loosen and Ireland conformed to the EU standards, the changing attitudes and hard work paved the way for the right of married women to work outside of home.

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Turkey is predominantly a Muslim country.  However, the Turkish government is secular.  Turkish women's access to major roles were not limited by the government because the Turkish law mandates equal rights of women regarding property ownership, inheritance, suffrage, and even for equal pay. Furthermore, Islamic law is not the limiting issue.  The problem lies in cultural norms and beliefs of Turkish society that prevents them from following and enacting the laws that are supposed to guarantee these rights to women.  Some modern Turkish cultural interpretations of Islam are misleading and infer that women should not work and just stay home with children. However, this is not true Islam because in Islam women have the right to work and any money that they make they do not have to share it with their spouse. Mothers are highly valued and respected figures in Islam and it is said in the religious texts that "Heaven is at the feet of Mothers". This is to remind all people to treat them with the utmost respect. It is not meant as a limitation. Many famous female historical role models were successful businesswomen and mothers.

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What similarities and differences exist between the two countries on this issue?

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What similarities and differences exist between the two countries on this issue?

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Although Ireland is predominantly Catholic and Turkey is predominantly Muslim, the similarities that exist between the two countries on this issue are both in that the religious traditions and cultural norms of their societies have played a major role in shaping the roles of women in their countries and the women of Ireland and Turkey are seeking equality and better job opportunities while still respecting their religious beliefs and cultural customs.

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The differences that exist between the two countries on this issue are that women's roles in society in Ireland focused more on the problematic difference between religious beliefs and the right to work outside of the home. Whereas in Turkey, the problem is the the opposite. The women have the legal right to work, but the cultural interpretation of Islamic beliefs results in societal pressure on women who want to work outside of the home.

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In what ways is there a gap between the laws and the realities of life for women in both countries? Provide specific examples.

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In what ways is there a gap between the laws and the realities of life for women in both countries? Provide specific examples.

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The ways that there is a gap between the laws and the realities of life for women in both countries are as follow:

- Both Ireland and Turkey's governments standardize equality between men and women

- Those standards aren't being met

- There is a gender pay gap

- Management level jobs are inaccessible to many women

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Research the role of the president in Ireland. Do you think the function of that position made it easier for women to reach that post? Why or why not?

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Research the role of the president in Ireland. Do you think the function of that position made it easier for women to reach that post? Why or why not?

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I think the function of the position of the president made it easier for women to reach that post because the requirements are very realistic and neutral. The requirements are for the person to be an Irish citizen and being 35 years or older. In Mary McAleese state, she was the only candidate. So according to Irish law, she became president.

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Research to create a timeline of major events in the history of women’s rights in Ireland, Turkey, and the United States from the 1900s to the present.

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Research to create a timeline of major events in the history of women’s rights in Ireland, Turkey, and the United States from the 1900s to the present.

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1777 – All states pass laws which take away women's right to vote.  (USA)

1848 – At Seneca Falls, New York, 300 women and men sign the Declaration of Sentiments, a plea for the end of discrimination against women. (USA)

1908 First women’s organization founded ( Turkey )

1911 - Delia Larkin organized the Irish Women Workers Union. (Ireland)

1919 - Gender Disqualification Removal Act (Ireland)

1920 – The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, ensuring the right of women to vote. (USA)

1934 - Women get the full citizenship, including the active and passive right to vote ( Turkey )

1963 – The Equal Pay Act is passed by Congress (USA)

1984 - Beginning of the “Headscarf Debate” in Turkey ( Turkey )

1990 - Mary Robinson becomes the first female president of Ireland (Ireland)

2002 - Reform of the Turkish criminal and civil rights code ( Turkey )

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Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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The leaders of the Seneca Falls Convention.

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A founder of the women’s trade union movement in Ireland.

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The secular Turkish government suppressed the right of women to practice their faith and wear hijab in the workplace. Some students have gone to jail for wearing a headscarf. These women are protesting for their right to be educated and religious at the same time.