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Bishop, B. "Mount Everest". Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2017.

Britannica describes Mt. Everest and its climate.

The article tells about Mt. Everest; its climate and shape and size. Also about it's name, other cultures names and what they mean.

It is helpful for our problem because it helps us understand the climate better. That is useful because we now know what we need to include for climate reasons.

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What is the height of Mount Everest?

Who made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest?

Where is Mount Everest located?

Who was the first woman who climbed Mount Everest?

What are other names for Mount Everest?

Mount Everest, mountain on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, at 27°59′ N 86°56′ E. Reaching an elevation of 29,032 feet (8,849 metres), Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

Like other high peaks in the region, Mount Everest has long been revered by local peoples. Its most common Tibetan name, Chomolungma, means "Goddess Mother of the World" or "Goddess of the Valley." The Sanskrit name Sagarmatha means literally "Peak of Heaven." Its identity as the highest point on the Earth's surface was not recognized, however, until 1852, when the governmental Survey of India established that fact. In 1865 the mountain-previously referred to as Peak XV-was renamed for Sir George Everest, British surveyor general of India from 1830 to 1843.

Physical features

Geology and relief

The Himalayan ranges were thrust upward by tectonic action as the Indian-Australian Plate moved northward from the south and was subducted (forced downward) under the Eurasian Plate following the collision of the two plates between about 40 and 50 million years ago. The Himalayas themselves started rising about 25 to 30 million years ago, and the Great Himalayas began to take their present form during the Pleistocene Epoch (about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago). Everest and its surrounding peaks are part of a large mountain massif that forms a focal point, or knot, of this tectonic action in the Great Himalayas. Information from global positioning instruments in place on Everest since the late 1990s indicates that the mountain continues to move a few inches to the northeast and rise a fraction of an inch each year.

Everest is composed of multiple layers of rock folded back on themselves (nappes). Rock on the lower elevations of the mountain consists of metamorphic schists and gneisses, topped by igneous granites. Higher up are found sedimentary rocks of marine origin (remnants of the ancient floor of the Tethys Sea that closed after the collision of the two plates). Notable is the Yellow Band, a limestone formation that is prominently visible just below the summit pyramid.

The barren Southeast, Northeast, and West ridges culminate in the Everest summit; a short distance away is the South Summit, a minor bump on the Southeast Ridge with an elevation of 28,700 feet (8,748 metres). The mountain can be seen directly from its northeastern side, where it rises about 12,000 feet (3,600 metres) above the Plateau of Tibet. The peak of Changtse (24,803 feet [7,560 metres]) rises to the north. Khumbutse (21,867 feet [6,665 metres]), Nuptse (25,791 feet [7,861 metres]), and Lhotse (27,940 feet [8,516 metres]) surround Everest's base to the west and south.

Everest is shaped like a three-sided pyramid. The three generally flat planes constituting the sides are called faces, and the line by which two faces join is known as a ridge. The North Face rises above Tibet and is bounded by the North Ridge (which meets the Northeast Ridge) and the West Ridge; key features of this side of the mountain include the Great and Hornbein couloirs (steep gullies) and the North Col at the start of the North Ridge. The Southwest Face rises above Nepal and is bounded by the West Ridge and the Southeast Ridge; notable features on this side include the South Col (at the start of the Southeast Ridge) and the Khumbu Icefall, the latter a jumble of large blocks of ice that has long been a daunting challenge for climbers. The East Face-or Kangshung (Kangxung) Face-also rises above Tibet and is bounded by the Southeast Ridge and the Northeast Ridge.

The summit of Everest itself is covered by rock-hard snow surmounted by a layer of softer snow that fluctuates annually by some 5-20 feet (1.5-6 metres); the snow level is highest in September, after the monsoon, and lowest in May after having been depleted by the strong northwesterly winter winds. The summit and upper slopes sit so high in the Earth's atmosphere that the amount of breathable oxygen there is one-third what it is at sea level. Lack of oxygen, powerful winds, and extremely cold temperatures preclude the development of any plant or animal life there.

Drainage and climate

Glaciers cover the slopes of Everest to its base. Individual glaciers flanking the mountain are the Kangshung Glacier to the east; the East, Central, and West Rongbuk (Rongpu) glaciers to the north and northwest; the Pumori Glacier to the northwest; and the Khumbu Glacier to the west and south, which is fed by the glacier bed of the Western Cwm, an enclosed valley of ice between Everest and the Lhotse-Nuptse Ridge to the south. Glacial action has been the primary force behind the heavy and continuous erosion of Everest and the other high Himalayan peaks.

The mountain's drainage pattern radiates to the southwest, north, and east. The Khumbu Glacier melts into the Lobujya (Lobuche) River of Nepal, which flows southward as the Imja River to its confluence with the Dudh Kosi River. In Tibet the Rong River originates from the Pumori and Rongbuk glaciers and the Kama River from the Kangshung Glacier: both flow into the Arun River, which cuts through the Himalayas into Nepal. The Rong, Dudh Kosi, and Kama river valleys form, respectively, the northern, southern, and eastern access routes to the summit.

The climate of Everest is always hostile to living things. The warmest average daytime temperature (in July) is only about −2 °F (−19 °C) on the summit; in January, the coldest month, summit temperatures average −33 °F (−36 °C) and can drop as low as −76 °F (−60 °C). Storms can come up suddenly, and temperatures can plummet unexpectedly. The peak of Everest is so high that it reaches the lower limit of the jet stream, and it can be buffeted by sustained winds of more than 100 miles (160 km) per hour. Precipitation falls as snow during the summer monsoon (late May to mid-September). The risk of frostbite to climbers on Everest is extremely high.

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Mount Everest | Height, Location, Map, Facts, Climbers, & Deaths

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Mount Everest, mountain on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Reaching an elevation of 29,032 feet (8,849 meters), Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It has long been revered by local peoples.

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Tips for Distributing Weight in a Backpack

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Tips for Distributing Weight in a Backpack

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¨Tips for Distributing Weight in a Background¨. Love To Know

The problem it is solving is how to relieve some pressure off of the sherpas backs.

https://www.trails.com/list_1004_tips-distributing-weight-backpack.html

Center everything!

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How can I distribute weight in a backpack.

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How can I distribute weight in a backpack.

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https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/03/12/517923490/how-does-a-nepalese-sherpa-carry-so-much-weight

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https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/05/28/530204187/the-science-behind-the-super-abilities-of-sherpas

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Orin, A.

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With school back in session, backpacks are quickly filling up with books-heavy books. So how do you avoid straining your back when everything you're carrying feels like a necessity? Your education may feel like a burden, but that's a lot of weight to (literally) have on your shoulders.

You're Gonna Carry That Weight, So Distribute It Evenly

First things first: when you're packing your bag, you should strive for a fairly even horizontal weight distribution so that it doesn't strain one side of your body more than the other. Heavier items should be on the bottom of the pack; that shifts their weight to your back instead of your shoulders and neck. If you're carrying a lot of books, the heaviest textbooks should be placed closest to your back for the same reason-their weight will rest against your back instead of hanging from your shoulders.

Wear both straps. It's obvious, but I definitely spent most of my teenage years one-strappin' it for whatever foolish reason. Wearing both straps helps to evenly distribute the weight and reduce the risk of injury. Of course backpacks with wider, cushioned straps will put less strain atop your shoulders than thin straps, so if you have a choice, strive for large and plush.

Some larger bags also have sternum straps that go across your chest to help distribute the load. Seriously: these make a difference. Use them. If your bag doesn't have one, you can pretty easily add a sternum strap to any bag for better support. Larger packs have belts near the waist that help to shift weight to your hips-but you probably won't be wearing a bag that large for your daily work.

There are plenty of well designed backpacks out there, with excellent padding and wide shoulder...
Read more Read

Keep the bag close to your body. If the straps are loose, the bag will swing while you walk, and that actually increases the strain put on your back muscles.

Now that school's back in full swing it's time to lug those insanely heavy books across...
Read more Read

One commonly cited study recommends that a child's backpack should remain lower than fifteen percent of their body weight. If you're trying to figure out the limit of what you or your child should carry, here's a simple calculator. Even if it's safe for adults to carry more than that (backpackers on a camping trip might aim for closer to 20 percent), 15 percent of your weight is still a reasonable upper limit for adults carrying a heavy day-to-day bag.

Stay Organized So You Aren't Lugging Dead Weight

Treating your backpack like a bottomless pit and carrying all your possessions with you all of the time will just make you work harder. Instead, take the time to decide what you need before you start your day so that you only carry the necessities. That's especially pertinent when you're carrying multiple textbooks to classes that you aren't necessarily attending that day.

There's plenty of other clutter than can accumulate too, so you regularly audit your bag to see what weight you can shed. You probably don't need to carry every exam and paper from last semester with you. Kids can be especially disorganized with crumpled old homework stuffed in their backpacks and might need a helping hand to clean them out. It may not seem like a lot compared to those big heavy textbooks, but those papers can add up-and every little bit helps.

Consider the Alternatives

Yes, I'm talking about ebooks. The adoption of digital textbooks has been fairly slow for a variety of reasons, but they offer an almost literally weightless alternative if you have a tablet or computer that you can use to read them. Even if you stick with paper for the important textbooks, relying on digital alternatives for the books you won't necessarily need all the time is an easy way to shed a few pounds.

You could even scan the passages you need. Laborious, sure, but if you're only going to focus on a specific part of a book for weeks, it might be worth it.

Lastly, you might want to consider not wearing a backpack at all. There's a wide variety of rolling bags that are adaptable-you can wear them or roll them, and they're usually designed for air travel. If it's really necessary for you to carry a ton of textbooks with you all day, rolling cases are worth considering. There are plenty of child sized versions too.

As long as you keep your traveling library streamlined and keep your pack fitted properly so it's not a pendulum of books, you should be able to avoid any major fatigue or strain. Then you can focus on holding up the more important academic pressure.
Images by Volhah and Davi Sales Batista (Shutterstock). Contact the author at andy@lifehacker.com.

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With school back in session, backpacks are quickly filling up with books-heavy books. So how do you avoid straining your back when everything you're carrying feels like a necessity? Your education may feel like a burden, but that's a lot of weight to (literally) have on your shoulders.

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Anders, M. "Backpack Basics". Get geared up for backpacking. 2. 2015.

Mark Anders describes backpack basics.

It tells us about weight distribution and the skeleton of the backpack. It also tells us about how much weight can be on the waist.

It is helpful for my problem to help me distribute the weight more. Since it suggest how to do it more.

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The NBP4S is a professionaly designed backpack with one duty -- to serve you. It will obliterate all your worries with its high tech weight distributers that won't cause back pain no matter how long you wear it, even if you are climbing the precipice of Mount Everest.
The NBP4S is fashioned to distribute weight, and relieve back pain resulting from backpacks. With the pack compressors, your backpack's weight will be centered perfectly. This pack is built for outgoing Everest docents like you.

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Apex
precipice
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