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I think that you are absolutely right about the need to use science as a powerful tool to help en ensure sustainability. However, it seems to me that there are very few universities that offer sustainable studies with a natural sciences approach. I feel like some of the problems in sustainable development could be solved by exploring that branch of education.

What do you think could be done to promote that kind of education?

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The ways of transforming the system is growing and activists are using strategies to push for change from many directions. One of the upcoming things seems to be nature rights in different forms. So I was wondering what you think of this and in what way it could be used to have to biggest impact?

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It seems we have all the scientific knowledge needed to mitigate climate change - the vast majority of scientists agree that it is a pressing issue and we have solutions to replace fossil fuels. However, all this knowledge is not enough to convince society as a whole to take the threat seriously. How can scientists disseminate their knowledge so that society takes action on it?

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Reading your papers, I thought actors with leadership and cooperation in interdisciplinary field are important for social change and there must be a knowledge gap between scientists and leaders. I would like to hear tips for leaders as influencers to utilize appropriate knowledge to motivate people to conduct sustainable action.

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Hej Karl- Henrik!Yes, Science is vital encourage sustainable development to small extent because it doesnot give a solution to deal with capitalists. Remember that most of research projects have external fundings whose aims may differ from sustainable development, but power and money.Do you think science benefits all?  If yes, think of research institutes that produce chemical weapons, the research institutes that confirmed racial theory which led the colonization of Africa and the Second World War.  So, how validity is science to change the world into a better place?

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Hej Karl- Henrik!Yes, Science is vital encourage sustainable development to small extent because it doesnot give a solution to deal with capitalists. Remember that most of research projects have external fundings whose aims may differ from sustainable development, but power and money.Do you think science benefits all?  If yes, think of research institutes that produce chemical weapons, the research institutes that confirmed racial theory which led the colonization of Africa and the Second World War.  So, how validity is science to change the world into a better place?

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By Narice  Ninyesiga

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Hi! in the reading for our session it is mentioned you have focused on the self-benefit of sustainable proactivity over and above the benefits of cooperation as exemplified in the 'prisoners dilemma'. The article then continues to argue that working strategically with sustainable development is a foundation for businesses to honour their economic responsibilities to their shareholders. I take it this could be interpreted as an instance of acting in self-interest - happening to be right for the enivronment as well... Although it seems it could also be framed as an act of cooperation. It would be interesting to hear your thoughts on the pros and cons of using the self - benefit approach versus taking the cooperative perspective - in business types of settings. Would you care to expand on this?  /Looking forward.

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How much potential the scientists can help make the sustainable development. In my opinion, I think that scientists can’t play the role alone to succeed sustainable goals. So I am wondering about the actors associated with scientists, who have the most potential with them the most?

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Following your speech for Sustainable systematic leadership science play a crucial role. Would you please help us to know how creat some scope for third world people to become interested in science...

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I came across the article you co-wrote called “An approach to business model innovation and design for strategic sustainable development” (França et al., 2016). In that paper, you explore how the FSSD in combination with the Business Model Canvas, and other supplementary tools, could inform business model innovation. You make an argument for product-service systems (PSS) promoting sustainability and strategic business model innovation. You are able to show how, by shifting from focusing on sales of individual products to a more service-minded approach it is possible to create a Value Proposition that is of more utility for stakeholders (environment and society included) via enhanced sustainability performance through e.g. cyclical use of resources.

I’m wondering if you feel that theories of explicit Business Models as a management tool (as operationalized by BMC) are lackluster in regards to promoting sustainability. They aim to express how a company is able to create, deliver and capture value – but this is mainly focusing on creating value for customers and having the company capture some excess value in monetary terms. Even stakeholder theories that argue the need for creating value for “all” (the closest) stakeholders for the long-term survival of a company don’t explicitly include environment or society. Do you believe it is possible to incorporate ecological and social aspects in current Business Model innovation frameworks? Is there, in your opinion, a need or use for modifying the BMC in order to highlight the importance of value creation for stakeholders besides just owners and customers? Do you think a modified, more holistic, BMC could make it easier to apply the FSSD in practice when companies want to transition toward more sustainable innovation and value creation? Do you see any other improvements to Business Model theories, or similar, that could be made in order to enable easier practical use of the FSSD?

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How close are we to achieving sustainable leadership from all the biggest leaders around the globe? As the current President of the United States has set the country back 25 years in terms of environmental progress (and he doesn't even believe in climate change) in such a key time when leadership in climate justice is necessary, will other world and business leaders have to take an extra step up?

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Dear Karl-Henrik,

I completely agree with what is discussed in the article "Science in support of systematic leadership towards sustainability", and in particular, I believe that greater interdisciplinary research is critical to developing a more sustainable future. However, while it seems to me that this is easier to accomplish in universities these days (especially with fields such as historical ecology growing), I am curious how to go about creating change within the workforce to promote interdisciplinary research/work? Currently, I feel that we as students are sometimes pressured to specialize in order to make ourselves more desirable as employees. Would it be easier to enact change from within if there was a greater understanding of social and natural science among students these days?

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In the FSSD “Picture Book” you talk about social sustainability . How important is social sustainability in contributing to overall sustainability?  Also, as some materials can be reused and recycled but some should be phased out completely for various reasons - which materials would you like to see phased out as soon as possible?
Thank you

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In the article: “Science in support of systematic leadership towards sustainability”, its explained that a strategic sustainability lens in educational settings can generate new pathways for leadership development and actions.
In this case, I would like to hear more about the connection between these potential new sustainable practices and the fundamental changes of ways to educate students through a new type of education system. Thank you!

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How do you think 3rd world countries could increase their interest in science?
What mental barriers are the ones stoping most people from taking action and getting involved in sustentability?
In your opinion what is the most effectice method to get people interested in science?
Thank you

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Do you think that when something is scientifically proven, individuals make more ethical decisions relating to a topic, or does it not make a difference due to the overflow of information we receive?

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I can see that you have around 25 years experience of working with sustainability related issues. What would you say, speaking from your extensive experience, are the largest threats in regards of social and environmental issues humankind are facing now and in the future?

I also want to know if you think there are any solutions to the problems/specific issues, and how any aspiring change agents should approach the society in the most efficient manner.

Allt gott,
Josefine

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Do you think that there exist universal, intrinsitc environmental environmental values? If there are, how can they be justified that everyone should embody them?
How can environmental ethics distance itself from social constructivism?
Thank you!
Jonas

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In Science in support of systematic leadership towards sustainability you state that it is not enough for science to ask why this is happening, how it happened, how we can turn things around and so. A more holistic and interdisciplinary analysis is required.

Furthermore, and I quote the article:  "Once the gap to sustainability is exposed, and an overall strategy to bridge it is established, choices informed by this overall picture can be made regarding the use of a growing diversity of supporting tools, methods, and concepts as well as more sectorspecific empirical knowledge required for success on various arenas."

This sounds great but I am a bit worried considering that both politicians, corporations and ordinary people have been presented with facts on how to turn the situation around for decades and very little progress has been made. Is it really possible to develop a strategy that accounts for this so successfully that the world can go from an unstoppable train towards our doom to an almost completely turned around ship?

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Thanks for joining us!

I’d like to hear your opinion on the uncertainties of science(s) and how to work with/around those?

Science - neither isolated nor interdisciplinary - is not fact and predictions for the future are a challenge, even without the uncertainties of science.

On environmental issues and science, here an article by P. N. Edwards, 1999 on this issue and how the science is integrated in policies:

“Global climate science, uncertainties and politics: Data-laden models, model-filtered data”.

What’s your opinion on this and how to incorporate/work with these uncertainties? Are they translatable for non-scientific leaders and policymakers?

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Dear Karl-Henrik,
You sing the praises of the technology and advice science has provided with regard to sustainable development. I agree, science provides an important foundation for change. But how can you make the information in the scientific community more accessible? If the technology for change is there, what are the barriers that prevent access and implementation?
Thanks!

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What are the biggest challenges to integrate different disciplines and their different methods. There seems to be a big gap between natural sciences and social sciences and the humanities. How can we bridge that gap?

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Hi!
I understand that the new Swedish climate law must be given priority at any new political decision. Do you agree that this approach is a necessary and efficient tool for systemic change or is it simply symbolic and unefficient?

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As part of the reading list for this lecture is an article you co-author. One of the sections in this article points to a need to integrate facts with values and norms in pursuit of sustainability.

In a way of an example, could you please offer some scenarios where science collides with values and norms (say in Africa) and corrective mechanisms thereof?

Would you suggest that social movements, in the process of framing their arguments, should put more emphasis on “what should be done” as suggested by science, as opposed to “What is happening”?

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Hi Karl-Henrik!

While we here at CEMUS have had a relative level of exposure to the science relating to principles of sustainability (both social and physical), my question is how can we make it more understandable for the wider populations?

The article suggests that science should be the underlying framework that we can use to build other platforms, but in order for it to be a sturdy one surely the wider population has to understand aspects of it?

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In the reading for this week it was stressed how science is an important component in reaching future sustainability. While I by no means want to imply that science is not important in this challenge (it is an essential foundation), I feel as though the greatest issue within sustainability today is not a lack of science. I would argue that most actors in today’s society (individuals, organizations, corporations, states, etc) are all aware of the science and the facts of sustainability - at least in general. But yet, enough action is not being taken. How do we deal with this situation where science does not seem to be a strong enough driver for change? Because essentially, we all know what the problem’s are and to some extent we know how to solve them, but still we don’t. How do we handle this and move forward from here?

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I'm curious about your job in relation to the effects of cancer from the climate, environment and sustainability. I'm wondering what your opinions are around unsustainable eating and diet towards diseases like cancer. Many doctors stand by the idea that plant based diets (which are seen as highly sustainable) can not only prevent diseases but reverse diseases. This is based on lots of research i've done and in particular thinking about the book The China Study, that i'm not sure if you have read. I would love to hear your opinions around this in relation to sustainability...

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Hej Karl-Henrik,
In a similar regard to some of the other questions, how should the (arguably) inherently depersonalised nature of science be navigated and communicated in society? Many individuals highlight the importance of connecting and combining scientific research with people’s morals, and that that is the only way to ensure sustainable transformational change. Of course I don’t doubt that you aware of this, just because you are a proponent of science! Just interested in your opinion in this balance.
Do you ever feel that humans sometimes spend Excessive time researching and writing theses,  without producing significant change? Could time be better spent getting into activism straight away? Or do you think that such efforts would be wasted without correct and in-depth scientific background research?
Thanks!

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Your belief that science should be fundamental to all fields of work is what I would consider forward-thinking.

The Australian governments attempt to bring more people into this field fell apart when students graduating from science-based degrees struggled to find consistent employment. (See: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/pushing-stem-subjects-leaves-graduates-jobless-says-commission/news-story/d2c6d8aedd0769449a2f63881bb562cb)

Practically, how do you think our economy will to change so that science-based jobs become central? Do you believe there will still be a need for arts or social based education?

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Hi Karl Henrik!

In the first half of the article "Science in support of systematic leadership towards sustainability" that you co-authored, the main takeaway seemed to be that science should be the underlying framework in other fields to develop a common way to think and communicate together.

Does this mean that science should be a priority in other fields, say political and social? and how would that look and function practically? Isn't there some goodness in those fields working independently to gain a deepened analytic ground and serving a different purpose? We could easily play the devils advocate here and say that maybe what needs to happen is that scientists should learn more about politics so that their findings can be achieved as policies and laws....

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In he FSSD “Picture Book” you state that ”Most people are wonderful and helpful and sometimes even self-sacrificing, and sometimes we are greedy too. But the latter has little value as an explanation, since it is scientifically shown that the winning game for each person and organization is to support the big system of which all of us are dependent.”.

My question is if you think that the tragedy of the commons is applicable to this situation? Are we  exploiting our common goods for our self-interests in a way that we would not do if the resources were not common goods?

For more information about the tragedy of the commons read: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons

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Dear Karl-Henrik,

I'm wondering if you've experienced a problem with actors choosing not to believe in science and the information presented by scientific researches, for example regarding climate change and global warming. There are situations where politicians, like Mr Trump, are ignoring the fact that our climate is changing for the worse, and continues to prioritise economic growth, political power and so forth. It can also be corporations or other organisations, acting the same way. How would you address this issue?

Thank you!

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I was wondering how your opinion is on a resource based economy modell, rather than a monetary or political one. So that (new) knowledge in science and technology find their way faster into politics, rather than passing through the hierarchy of todays political structure, with the risk of maybe never being adapted. Do you think this could be an option for a sustainable system in the future?

Thank you for your time!

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I was wanting to ask a more personal question.
Strategic sustainable development requires effort from everyone in order to obtain and create a better future.
Even the fact that many people still deny the effects of the climate challenge, what is the biggest challenge you face and how do you overcome this through your work?

What can we, as open-minded and determined students, do to have the biggest impact from the positions we hold in society?

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Dear Karl-Henrik,
First I want to say that I really appreciate your focus on intersubjectivity. Reading your presentation on FSSD, however, I was wondering about your perspective on sustainable growth and the inclusion of the public. Several authors suggest that we cannot stop environmental degradation if we stick to imperatives given by our economic capitalist system, especially concerning economic growth. Also, they state that change to a sustainable society has to include the transformation of the personal sphere, as in belief systems and norms and such. So, would you say that sustainability and economic growth are compatible? And how much agency has to be given to individuals in your approach? How can they be included?

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The article Science in Support of Systematic Leadership towards Sustainability concludes that science "can help leaders, at
all levels in society, avoid reductionism and thereby become systematic and strategic when it comes to sustainable development". Yet, this implies that the respective leaders are open to the input of science. Though, I wonder how you see the relationship between science and politics, as I believe politicians are often only responsive to the science that supports their political agenda. How do you see this relationship between science and politics? And how do you believe politicians will be responsive to science related to sustainability? Is that something the public should push for?

Kind regards,
Esmée

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Which actor do you think can have the biggest leadership towards sustainability, university, government, media, entrepreneurship or others?

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Do you think governments eventually will support more social entrepreneurship? And do you think SE is as effective in the global north as it is in the global south? Do you think companies

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Do you think governments eventually will support more social entrepreneurship? And do you think SE is as effective in the global north as it is in the global south? Do you think companies

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in the global north, or big international corporations will eventually be forced to change their ways? https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/WJEMSD-09-2015-0042