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- More poverty
- Government unable to provide service for everyone
- Traffic congestions
- Automobile exhaust raises lead level in the air
- Pollution & waste
- High crime rates
- Animals losing habitats and food sources --> damaged biodiversity

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Early Eurasian urban areas extended in a crescent-shaped zone across Eurasia from England in the west to Japan in the east.

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Unlike previous phases, phase III is a worldwide phenomenon.

By the end of the 19th century, most European and North American cities had doubled in size in only 20 years.

The biggest growth can be seen in the developing countries. 37% of the population now had urbanized.

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The movement of people to urban areas. This leads to the expansion of city and rural area being turned into suburbs.

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The first phase of urban development began in the 4000 BCE. During this time period, settlements developed in the Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. These settlements were seen along bodies of water, especially rivers, such as the Tigris,  the Euphrates, the Nile, the Ganges, and the Yellow River, hence the name "River Valley".

The river provided these early settlements with fertile lands, which helped them grow food and raise animals. The region also provided them with the warm climate and a permanent water source.

During this phase, the domestication of animals such as cattle, sheeps, and goats as well as the cultivation of crops like rice, wheat and maize can be seen.

Trade began to happen, families dedicated themselves to tasks such as shoemaking. Consequently, cities around the River Valley Civilizations flourished and grew in size.

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The Industrial Revolution is the next phase of urbanization that happened in the 1750-1890. During this phase, new kinds of cities started developing. Cities became more populated, efficient, automated, chaotic, and polluted. However, these cities also offered people with new job opportunities.

There are two factors that contributed to the rapid increase in population and changes to the lifestyles.

The first factor:
Large-scale manufacturing and mining industries that were resulted from technological advancements like the invention of the steam engine. These factories and mine required a large work force which led to the migration of people from rural areas to the cities.

The second factor:
Trade routes expansion and European colonization of other civilizations led the availability of cheap raw materials. This attracted wealthy merchants, shopkeepers and bankers to the cities. Wealth, a large population, and a diversity of goods created a consumer market that slowly evolved to the one that we know of today.