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differences in vaccination rates between countries leads to even greater economic divergence

Income disparities risk increasing polarization and resentment within societies

emerging economies have less access to financing and technology to face global challenges, including climate change

economic migration, extreme weather and a rise in political instability, state fragility and civil conflict are likely to further swell refugee numbers

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critical threat to the world across all time spans

Inequality, economic, political, technological and intergenerational disparities are expected to widen further

Differing views over vaccinations and COVID-related restrictions are also adding to social pressures

governments worldwide will have stronger national interest, which would worsen fractures in the global economy, coming at the expense of foreign aid and humanitarian emergencies

Fragile economies could spiral into deeper crises.

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5.4 million deaths among 282 million cases, long-lasting symptoms and ill health afterwards are reported.

The state of vaccinating is not even among countries.

Other diseases are deprioritized when the pandemic has resulted in an additional 53 million cases of major depression, one of the most negatively exerted factors that GRPs have to suffer.

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Slow: global economic growth: 3.1% in 2020, 5.9% in 2021, 4.9% in 2022 and is predicted to be 2.3% smaller than it could have been without the pandemic in 2024.

“Commodity shocks”, “price instability” and “debt crises” are critical concerns.

Rising interest rates from banks can have unfavorable impacts on households, especially low-income ones and small, medium sized enterprises are influenced as well.

Sovereign debt has spiked because of the pandemic.

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Disparities in vaccination progress and accelerated digitalization

Pre-existing socio-political problems

=> Relative winners and losers of the pandemic

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Lead to economic, geopolitical, public health and societal fractures

Delayed approaches to critical challenges facing people and planet

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Effective domestic and international action on these challenges depends on:

+ Restoring trust within societies
+ Training national and global leaders
+ Finding new opportunities for collaboration
+ Pessimism => a vicious cycle of disillusionment and social unrest.

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Competition between the US and China is increasing

Other states are also projecting the power abroad

Some key regional powers are conducting military exercises in tense areas ̣̣̣̣̣such as Russia-Ukraine and the Taiwan Strait

Increasing competition in “soft power”

Geopolitical tensions also exist in the economic sphere

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The 1.5 degree celsius goal set in 2016 may not be met

COVID-19 and reduced social cohesion will limit the political power and capitals for  further climate actions

Countries will prioritize restoring their economy no matter the impact on the environment

The sense of urgency for climate actions varies across different regions and countries

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Key outcomes of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26, held in Glasgow, the United Kingdom)

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Key outcomes of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26, held in Glasgow, the United Kingdom)

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Bolstered climate adaptation finance efforts

Continued mobilization of billions of US dollars for climate funding and trillions towards global net zero.

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is now fully operational.

Businesses and governments agreed on more aggressive investment in clean technologies and faster transition to electric vehicles.

46 countries pledged to transition from coal to clean power by 2040.

104 countries pledged to a 30% cut in methane emissions by 2030.

141 countries that account for 91% of the world’s forests pledged to end deforestation by 2030.

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“Digital inequality”: In developing countries: limited technical and financial resources to enhance cyber defences against critical infrastructure breaches or cyber regulations to safeguard data and privacy.

“Cybersecurity failure”: Rapid digitalization in advanced economies during COVID-19 has also led to new cyber vulnerabilities

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Space as a new frontier of divergence

Competition in space is rising and is a growing preoccupation for the world’s leading militaries

Disparate economic and technological trajectories risk precluding many countries from accessing the opportunities that space entails and from ensuring that their interests are accounted for in global decision-making

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Mounting conviction for a fast but disorderly climate transition

Rapid digitalization risks exposing economies to cybercrimes

Increased pressure for migration

A new space race marked by accelerated commercial and military activities

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Socio- economic concerns:

Divergent recovery

Economic hardship

Growing inequality

Ideological polarization

Sense of disenfranchisement of large sections of the global population.