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First, it is very common to use question tags in our daily lives, as we talk to several people and react according to the situation. In this sense, we can ask something to confirm or start a conversation, among other examples. In English, question tags correspond to the expression “isn't it?” |1| or they can still be agreed with the auxiliary/main verb of the sentence in our mother tongue, as they are short questions that we place at the end of an assertion, negative or positive, with different objectives. So, are you ready? Let's go!

See also: Will or going to: differences between the two ways

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To facilitate the learning of question tags, we will distribute their use according to two possible patterns|2|. Remember that question tags are placed at the end of the sentence, right after an assertion.

→ First pattern

Positive sentence – negative question tag:

It's a very cold day, isn't it?
(It's a very cold day, isn't it?)

This pattern can be used with the expectation that the interlocutor will agree with you, perhaps even continue the conversation; can also be used to show surprise|2|:

Yes, I was not ready for it.
(Yes, I wasn't prepared for that*.)
*such a cold day.

→ Second pattern

Negative sentence – positive question tag:

I haven't seen my notes, have you?

(I didn't see my notes, did you?)

No, I'm sorry, but I haven't.
(No, I'm sorry, but I haven't seen them.)

In this case, we use the question tag to confirm an assertion. It can also be used to ask or ask something and even to show disapproval|2|:

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In general, question tags follow the verb tense of the main phrase, that is, if the main phrase is in the past tense, the question tag must also come in the past tense. The second rule is about the presence of the auxiliary verb, because, if there is one in the main sentence, the question tag will be formed only by the auxiliary verb.

- In the simple present, using the auxiliary does:
She lives in Italy, doesn't she?

- Verb to be in the simple present:
He isn't at home, is he?

- Present continuous, using the auxiliary
verb be:
They are dancing, aren't they?

- Simple past, using the did auxiliary:
They came to work, didn't they?

- Past continuous, using the auxiliary be:
He wasn't cooking, was he?

- Present perfect, using the auxiliary have:
Joey has bought you a gift, hasn't he?

- Past perfect, using the auxiliary had:
I had finished the book, hadn't I?

- Simple future, using the will helper:
She will arrive soon, won't she?

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Watch this "video lesson".

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Aprenda a usar TAG QUESTIONS em inglês (com exercícios) | English in Brazil