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The South African Hip Hop Museum: The Reveal

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The South African Hip Hop Museum: The Reveal

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THE SOUTH AFRICAN HIP HOP MUSEUM: THE REVEAL

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Kanyi Mavi on Hip Hop, Xhosa, & Rap Culture in South Africa- Podcast

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Kanyi Mavi on Hip Hop, Xhosa, & Rap Culture in South Africa- Podcast

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In this episode I sit down with Kanyi Mavi, an MC out of Cape Town, South Africa. She was recently in New York City and I was able to catch up with her at the famous Red Rooster soul food restaurant in Harlem. In the interview we spoke at length about being a Xhosa-speaking hip hop artist in South Africa, as well as the politics of hip hop culture in South Africa. We also spoke about the dynamics of gender & hip hop in South Africa.

Tracklist
Ungalibali
Rise (featuring Driemanskap)
Ngqangqa (prod. T.Krotkiewski)
For more information about Kanyi Mavi check her out on

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/kanyimavi/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Kanyi_Mavi

Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/anyiavi

iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/kanyi/id535359468

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‎Hip Hop African Podcast: HHAP Episode 15: Kanyi Mavi on Hip Hop, Xhosa, & Rap Culture in South Africa on Apple Podcasts

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In this episode I sit down with Kanyi Mavi, an MC out of Cape Town, South Africa. She was recently in New York City and I was able to catch up with her at the famous Red Rooster soul food restaurant in Harlem.

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Share your videos with friends, family, and the world

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Create an account or log in to Instagram - Share what you’re into with the people who get you.

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Tweets by Kanyi_Mavi

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HYPE Magazine was launched in 2004. As the only publication of its kind in southern Africa, it is the most credible and authoritative voice for both international and local hip hop. All of the articles are thought provoking, hard hitting, informative and credible. HYPE is tied to various community p…

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Minister of Sport, Arts and Culture, Nathi Mthethwa, has launched the South African Hip-Hop Museum, with the intention to preserve the hip-hop culture.

The museum was launched in partnership with the Ritual Media Group, Museum Africa and the Gauteng Department of Sport, Arts and Culture on Thursday at the Museum Africa, Newtown Precinct in Johannesburg.

"The newly refurbished state of the art facility will also serve as a museum and enabling environment to drive education and empowerment through workshops, film editing, and music recording services provided to the creatives," the Minister said.

Situated inside Museum Africa, the first phase of the South African Hip Hop Museum was launched in 2019 with the aim of preserving, protecting, and promoting SA hip-hop history as well as to inspire young and emerging hip-hop enthusiasts.

The Minister was accompanied by Gauteng MEC for Sport, Arts, Culture and Recreation, Mbali Hlophe, founder of Ritual Media Group, Osmic Menoe as well as local Hip Hop legends and pioneers. - SAnews.gov.za

Get Breaking News Updates

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Minister of Sport, Arts and Culture, Nathi Mthethwa, has launched the South African Hip-Hop Museum, with the intention to preserve the hip-hop culture. The museum was launched in partnership with the Ritual Media Group, Museum Africa and the Gauteng Department of Sport, Arts and Culture on Thursday at the Museum Africa, Newtown Precinct in Johannesburg.

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26 Pioneers Inducted into the South African Hip Hop Museum's Wall of Fame

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26 Pioneers Inducted into the South African Hip Hop Museum's Wall of Fame

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On Thursday night, the South African hip-hop community gathered for a night of celebrating the culture and artform's pioneers and icons. The Hennessy Wall of Fame is the first phase of the South African Hip Hop Museum, which is still under construction.

The Wall of Fame consists of 26 names who have been instrumental in the growth of hip-hop in South Africa, from the likes of Prophets of da City, Godessa and Lance Sterh to younger artists like Cassper Nyovest, Da L.E.S and AKA.

Osmic Menoe, the founder of Ritual Media Group, the company behind the museum, the festival Back To The City and the South African Hip Hop Awards, shared that he felt hip-hop was running the risk of its story not being preserved and told by itself.

"It just scared me when meeting the younger generation and when you reference a POC, they were confused," he said in his opening speech during the event at Museum Africa in Newtown, Joburg. "When you tell them that we used to go a place in town called Le Club that opens at 12 when the sun's out and then Le Club closes at six in the afternoon, it sounded very weird because Taboo opens at six and closes the next day at six."

He added:

"So, to me, it made the most sense to say, why don't we preserve the same one's having a good one because it's changed a lot in our lives. It's changed my life. I know it's changed Bionic's life. I know it's changed Kenzhero's life. I can tell you for a fact it changed Vouks' life, [he] even has his own watch nowadays. When you look at people such as, like I say, Cassper, who's extending culture from where people like POC took it in the world tour."

Khomotso Ledwaba, brand manager of Hennessy SA, said during the event:

"Our brand has become synonymous with hip hop culture around the world. Ever since first being uttered on a verse, Hennessy has featured in some 2500 songs and has made an indelible mark on the genre. To date, it's the most mentioned spirit not just in hip hop but in the broader music industry. From collaborations with Rakim, Nas, KAWs, Vhils and Shepard Fairey, to campaigns like the ever-popular Hennessy Artistry, we're deeply committed to hip hop culture. Our Wall of Fame is another way to champion the creatives making waves in the industry."

The Wall of Fame will be updated every year, with new names being added. This year's inductees shared heartfelt speeches, with some sharing parts of their backstories in hip-hop. The producer, Thaso told the audience being inducted was "the biggest award of my whole career."

Below are the names of this year's inductees:

1. HHP (Rapper)

2. Pro Kid (Rapper)

3. P.O.C (hip-hop group)

4. Amu (Rapper and producer)

5. Ready D (DJ)

6. Skwatta Kamp (Rap group)

7. Gogga (Graffiti writer)

8. Falco (Graffiti writer)

9. Bionic (DJ and promoter)

10. Battlekat (Producer)

11. Cassper Nyovest (Rapper and promoter)

12. Godessa (Rappers)

13. Tumi (Rapper and record label owner)

14. Watkin Jones (Rapper)

15. Lee Kasumba (Radio hot)

16. Hymphatic Thabs (Rapper)

17. Osmic Menoe (Promoter)

18. Kenzhero (Promoter and DJ)

19. Lance Stehr (Record label owner)

20. AKA (Rapper)

21. Slikour (Rapper)

22.Da Les (Rapper)

23.Proverb (Rapper)

24.Thasso (Producer)

25.Emile YX? (Pioneer)

26.Kwesta (Rapper)

The South African Hip Hop Museum is still under construction and will be opened in 2020.

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26 Pioneers Inducted Into the South African Hip Hop Museum's Wall of Fame

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On Thursday night, the South African hip-hop community gathered for a night of celebrating the culture and artform's pioneers and icons. The Hennessy Wall of Fame is the first phase of the South African Hip Hop Museum, which is still under construction.

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South African Female rapper, Song Writer and Singer. 1st Female on Hype Magazine the only Hip Hop Magazine in South Africa.
Founder of Ladies of the Mic an all female Library within Africa. The word SUPA describes this artist in one word.

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Hip Hop queen Ms Supa is taking women to forefront of genre

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Hip Hop queen Ms Supa is taking women to forefront of genre

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Hip hop queen Ms Supa is taking women to forefront of genre

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The rapper is all about re-branding and taking her name to the top

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Poem for South African Women by June Jordan

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Poem for South African Women by June Jordan

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Poem for South African Women - Our own shadows disappear as the feet of thousands

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Why black women in South Africa don’t fully embrace the feminist discourse

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National Women’s Day in South Africa marks the historic protest in 1956 of women against apartheid policies. But, six decades on, black women have yet to fully embrace feminism as a discourse.

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Fearless Feminist Artist Taking Down South Africa's Bro Code

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Fearless Feminist Artist Taking Down South Africa's Bro Code

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The Fearless Feminist Artist Taking Down South Africa’s ‘Bro Code’

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Lady Skollie has a reputation for using her art to directly call out public figures who have been accused or imprisoned for rape.

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South African Women Activists Celebrated

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Women, half of our population after all, have been silent for too long in our history books, and although this need is now to an extent being addressed, there is still a huge gap in our knowledge on the role of South African

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South African Feminism, Race and Racism 

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South African Feminism, Race and Racism 

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This video is a celebration of South African hip hop roots by expressing what it means to be free after the apartheid.

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Exploring the evolution of the hip hop culture in SA

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Exploring the evolution of the hip hop culture in SA

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This article discusses the way South African youth has been influenced by hip hop. It influences the way they talk, dress, and the direction of their dreams.

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1994

Prophets of Da City performs at the inauguration of Nelson Mandela.

First SA hip-hop music video TV debut, Never Again, by Prophets of Da City.

DJ Bionic (Bradley Williams) and DJ Blaze (Blaise McLeod) establish the Saturday hip-hop sessions at 'Le Club in downtown Johannesburg.

Hip-hop in the Cape Flats had a similar impact to that of hip-hop in the Bronx. It was used as a tool to displace gang violence and promote peace and progressiveness with music, dance, and fine art.

It is thus no misnomer to argue that it is on the shores of the Cape where it was initially embraced.

What became the evolution of hip-hop in the US, the transition from old-school to the golden age, was followed by the evolution of SA hip-hop in sound, style and narrative.

This became a time when the "winds of change" carried the treasure that is hip-hop to the streets of the City of Gold.

1995

Formation of the band The Original Evergreen by Brendon le Roux, Sebastian Voight, Gaston Galiath, Mark Buchanan, and DJ Soap.

The South African Music Awards (Samas) are established as FNB Samas, with a Best Rap Album category scooped by Prophets of Da City with their album Phunk Phlow.

1996

Cube Records releases TheMuthaload, a Gauteng hip-hop compilation.

Amu, aka Amunishn (Amukhelani Tshawane), makes his music debut with the single Skillz from The Muthaload, the video of which makes a Chanel O debut.

Formation of the cult-crew Audio Visual by Snaz D (Julian du Plessis), Ben Sharper (Kgotso Semela), and Krook'd tha Warmonger (Isaac Chokwe).

Formation of the group Skwatta Kamp by Infa, Nish, Shugasmakx, Flabba, Nemza, Slikour, and Bozza.

Formation of the group Verbal Assassins by Jabba aka HHP (Jabulani Tsambo), and his friends.

Prophets of Da City records a song with Afrika Bambaataa, tours Europe and the Americas, and shares a stage with The Fugees, Public Enemy and James Brown.

The Original Evergreen wins Best Rap Album at the FNB Samas.

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Exploring the evolution of the hip-hop culture in SA

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Local artists still keeping it real or losing the plot?

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Rap, graffiti and social media in South Africa today

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Rap, graffiti and social media in South Africa today

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This article discusses how graffiti and hip-hop were used to resist apartheid in the 1980's. Graffiti quoted, described, and represented the struggles that blacks felt during the apartheid.

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This article lists the 10 best SA Hip-Hop albums

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The South African hip-hop industry has established itself as one of the fastest growing subcultures in local music. The rise of hip-hop has seen artists such as AKA, Casper Nyovest and OkMalumKoolKat achieve iconic pop culture status through their music.

Only real music is going to last, and although hip-hop is shining brighter than ever, there are only a few albums that will live forever as classics. Here are HuffPost SA best SA hip-hop albums of the decade:

10. BCWYWF - AKA & Anatii (2017)

Read: Inside The Exclusive Listening Session For AKA And Anatii's New Album "BCWYWF"

9. Mlazi Milano - OkMalumKoolKat (2017)

8. Yellow - Shane Eagle (2017)

Standout Lyrics:"Gotta do this shit by yourself, gotta get rich by yourself, only competition is myself. Watch that, don't jump off the shelf, rap like the greatest move like the matrix."

7. Return Of The King - Tumi (2015)

What Makes It Special: I f you are looking for a real MC who is bound to spit real "eish", then "Return Of The King" by Tumi is exactly what you need. The album is pure rap, not hip-hop. Tumi opts for wordplay, delivering subliminal jabs with his rap literacy on a level that most young artists couldn't even imagine.

What Makes It Special: Kid X arguably dropped one of the hottest mixtapes South African hip-hop has ever seen. It is raw, pure, authentic and by far Kid X's best work as an artist. It was also was one of the few mixtapes to be nominated in Best Rap category at the SAMAs.

4. Thuto - Cassper Nyovest (2017)

3. Skhanda Republic - K.O (2014)

What Makes It Special: One of the best, if not the best-produced album in hip-hop history. With JR, Tweezy and Mpilo Shabangu on production, "Levels" by AKA was the opitome of South African hip-hop in its prime. Certainly the album cemented AKA's reputation as one of the best and baddest artist South Africa has ever produced. The album is certified platinum by RISA

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10 Best SA Hip-Hop Albums Of The Decade🎤 🇿🇦

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The South African hip-hop industry has established itself as one of the fastest growing subcultures in local music. The rise of hip-hop has seen artists such as AKA, Casper Nyovest and OkMalumKoolKat achieve iconic pop culture status through their music.

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BBC Radio: A Musical Trip to South Africa

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BBC Radio: A Musical Trip to South Africa

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BBC Radio 4 - A Musical Trip to South Africa - with Lenny Henry - Episode guide

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All episodes of A Musical Trip to South Africa - with Lenny Henry

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LGBT Rights in South Africa: homosexuality, gay marriage, gay adoption, serving in the military, sexual orientation discrimination protection, changing legal gender, donating blood, age of consent, and more.

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View this post on Instagram

A post shared by blithe spirit (@ami_faku)

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Through her relatable and evocative messaging, Ami Faku quickly became a household name and a leading figure within South Africa's thriving Afrosoul scene in the late 2010s. Born Amanda Faku in Port Elizabeth in 1993, Faku started singing in church and began writing her own original songs as a teenager. During her time as a contestant on the second season of The Voice South Africa in 2017, Faku captured the hearts of many including independent label Vth Season, with whom she eventually signed a deal. On her 2019 debut studio album, Imali, the singer/songwriter's honest lyrics explore themes such as love, social issues, and the pursuit of happiness. While Faku remains rooted in her culture and traditional music sensibilities, she also embraces contemporary Afropop, Afrohouse, and amapiano sounds that provide a spotlight for her gripping, breathy voice.

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Through her relatable and evocative messaging, Ami Faku quickly became a household name and a leading figure within South Africa's thriving Afrosoul scene in the late 2010s. Born Amanda Faku in Port Elizabeth in 1993, Faku started singing in church and began writing her own original songs as a teenager.

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Neva Again: Hip Hop Art, Activism and Education in Post Apartheid South Africa

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Neva Again: Hip Hop Art, Activism and Education in Post Apartheid South Africa

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The Evolution of South Africa's Hip Hop Fashion

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The Evolution of South Africa's Hip Hop Fashion

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The Evolution Of South Africa’s Hip Hop Fashion

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These rappers have always been fashion forward.

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Role of Rap/Hip Hop Music in the meaning and maintenance of identity in South African youth

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Role of Rap/Hip Hop Music in the meaning and maintenance of identity in South African youth

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Modern humans have lived at the southern tip of Africa for more than 100 000 years and their ancestors for some 3,3 million years.

Some 2 000 years ago, the Khoekhoen (the Hottentots of early European terminology) were pastoralists who had settled mostly along the coast, while the San (the Bushmen) were huntergatherers spread across the region. At this time, Bantu-speaking agropastoralists began arriving in southern Africa,
spreading from the eastern lowlands to the Highveld. At several archaeological sites there is evidence of sophisticated political and material cultures.

European contact

The first European settlement in southern Africa was established by the Dutch East India Company in Table Bay (Cape Town) in 1652. Created to supply passing ships with fresh produce, the colony grew rapidly as Dutch farmers settled to grow crops. Shortly after the establishment of the colony, slaves were imported from East Africa, Madagascar and the East Indies.

The first British Settlers, known as the 1820 Settlers, arrived in Algoa Bay (now Nelson Mandela Bay) on board 21 ships, the first being the Chapman. They numbered about 4 500 and included artisans, tradesmen, religious leaders, merchants, teachers, bookbinders, blacksmiths, discharged sailors and soldiers, professional men and farmers.

Conflict

From the 1770s, colonists came into contact and inevitable conflict with Bantu-speaking chiefdoms some 800 km east of Cape Town. A century of intermittent warfare ensued during which the colonists gained ascendancy over the isiXhosa-speaking chiefdoms.

In 1795, the British occupied the Cape as a strategic base against the French, controlling the sea route to the East.

In the 1820s, the celebrated Zulu leader, Shaka, established sway over a vast area of south-east Africa. As splinter Zulu groups conquered and absorbed communities in their path, the region experienced a fundamental disruption. Substantial states, such as Moshoeshoe's Lesotho and other Sotho-Tswana chiefdoms were established.

This temporary disruption of life on the Highveld served to facilitate the expansion northwards of the original Dutch settlers' descendants, the Boer Voortrekkers, from the 1830s.

Occupation

In 1806, Britain reoccupied the Cape. As the colony prospered, the political rights of the various races were guaranteed, with slavery being abolished in 1838.

Throughout the 1800s, the boundaries of European influence spread eastwards. From the port of Durban, Natal settlers pushed northwards, further and further into the land of the Zulu. From the mid-1800s, the Voortrekkers coalesced in two land-locked white-ruled republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State.

The mineral revolution

South Africa's diamond mining industry dates back to 1867, when diamonds were discovered near Kimberley in what is today known as the Northern Cape. The Kimberley diamond fields, and later discoveries in Gauteng, the Free State, and along the Atlantic coast, emerged as major sources of gem-quality diamonds, securing South Africa's position as the world's leading producer in the mid-twentieth century.

Gold

The discovery of the Witwatersrand goldfields in 1886 was a turning point in South Africa's history. The demand for franchise rights for English-speaking immigrants working on the new goldfields was the pretext Britain used to go to war with the Transvaal and Orange Free State in 1899.

The Anglo-Boer/South African War was the bloodiest, longest and most expensive war Britain engaged in between 1815 and 1915. It cost more than 200 million pounds and Britain lost more than 22 000 men. The Boers lost over 34 000 people and more than 15 000 black South Africans were killed.

Union and opposition

In 1910, the Union of South Africa was created out of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and Free State. It was to be essentially a white union. Black opposition was inevitable, and the African National Congress (ANC) was founded in 1912 to protest the exclusion of black people from power. In 1921, the South African Communist Party was established at a time of heightened militancy. More discriminatory legislation was enacted. Meanwhile, Afrikaner nationalism, fuelled by job losses arising from a worldwide recession, was on the march.

Reform

Shaken by the scale of protest and opposition, the government embarked on a series of limited reforms in the early 1980s.

In 1983, the Constitution was reformed to allow the coloured and Indian minorities limited participation in separate and subordinate houses of parliament.

In 1986, the pass laws were scrapped. The international community strengthened its support for the anti-apartheid cause.

Mass resistance increasingly challenged the apartheid State, which resorted to intensified repression accompanied by eventual recognition that apartheid could not be sustained.

Apartheid's last days

Afrikaner élite openly started to pronounce in favour of a more inclusive society, with a number of businesspeople, students and academic leaders meeting publicly and privately with the ANC in exile.

Petty apartheid laws and symbols were openly challenged and eventually removed.

Together with a sliding economy, increasing internal dissent and international pressure, these developments inevitably led to historic changes and the fall of apartheid.

Democratic government

South Africa held its first democratic election in April 1994 under an interim Constitution. The ANC emerged with a 62% majority. South Africa was divided into nine new provinces to replace the four existing provinces and 10 black homelands. In terms of the interim Constitution, the NP and Inkatha Freedom Party participated in a government of national unity under President Mandela, South Africa's first democratically elected president.

The second democratic election, in 1999, saw the ANC increasing its majority to a point just short of two-thirds of the total vote.

In the April 2004 election, the ANC won the national vote with 69,68% and the celebration of 10 Years of Freedom attended by heads of state and government delegations from across the world.

In 2008, Mr Kgalema Motlanthe became President following the recalling of President Thabo Mbeki. On 22 April 2009, South Africa held national and provincial elections with about 76% of registered voters casting their votes. Jacob Zuma was inaugurated as President of South Africa on 9 May 2009.

The following year, a significant milestone for South Africa was the hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup TM.

Municipal elections were held on 18 May 2011, electing new councils for all municipalities in the country.

October 2011 saw Statistics South Africa conducting a comprehensive national census. The census, which analysed the country's demographics, population distribution and access to services, average household size, income, migration, and mortality, was the third national population and housing count in post-apartheid South Africa. The exercise saw 156 000 field staff employed to count more than 14,6 million households.

South Africa has continued to build on its international profile. On 1 January 2011, the country started its second term as a non-permanent member of the United Nations (UN) Security Council between 2011 and 2012, serving alongside the five permanent members, China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, as well as elected members Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Colombia, Gabon, Germany, India, Lebanon, Nigeria and Portugal.

In 2011, as part of government's commitment to secure a better quality of life for all, the National Planning Commission in The Presidency finalised the draft National Development Plan: Vision for 2030. The plan is a step towards charting a new path for South Africa in dealing with the triple challenge of poverty, unemployment and inequality.

On 8 January 2012, Africa's oldest liberation movement, the ANC, celebrated 100 years of existence. This was a historic achievement, not only for the movement, but also for South Africa and the continent.

In May 2012, the Square Array Kilometre (SKA) Organisation announced that the SKA Project would be shared between South Africa and Australia, with a majority share coming to South Africa. The full dish array and the dense aperture array will be built in Africa.

In November 2012, South Africa was elected by the members of the UN General Assembly to the UN's 47-member Economic and Social Council..

In December 2012, President Zuma was re-elected as the president of the ANC during the ruling party's congress in Mangaung, Free State with Cyril Ramaphosa elected as the party's deputy president.

In July 2013, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, was appointed executive director of the UN Women Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women, and Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi, was appointed director in the UN Development Programme's Bureau for Development Policy..

On 5 December 2013, South Africa's first democratically elected President and anti-apartheid icon Mandela died at the age of 95. Mr Mandela led South Africa's transition from white-minority rule in the 1990s, after 27 years in prison for his political activities..

He had been receiving intensive medical care at home for a lung infection after spending three months in hospital. His body lay in state at the Union Buildings from 11 to 13 December. He was buried in his home town of Qunu in the Eastern Cape on 15 December 2013..

South Africa celebrated 20 Years of Freedom in 2014, which was a historic milestone for the country. The Twenty Year Review, which was released in 2013, and the National Planning Commission's 2011 Diagnostic Report, highlight that poverty, inequality and unemployment continue to negatively affect the lives of many people.

Despite progress in reducing rural poverty and increasing access to basic services in rural areas over the past 20 years, rural areas are still characterised by great poverty and inequality. As stated in the NDP, by 2030, South Africa's rural communities must have better opportunities to participate fully in the economic, social and political life of the country.

Government's programme of radical economic transformation is about placing the economy on a qualitatively different path that ensures more rapid, sustainable growth, higher investment, increased employment, reduced inequality and deracialisation of the economy. The NDP sets a growth target of at least 5% a year, and emphasises measures to ensure that the benefits of growth are equitably shared..

South Africa's fifth general elections were held on 7 May 2014. It was also the first time that South African expatriates were allowed to vote in a South African national election.

The ANC won the National Assembly election (62,1%) and the official opposition Democratic Alliance (DA) won 22,2% of the votes, while the newly formed Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) obtained 6,4% of the vote.

The ANC also won eight of the nine provincial legislatures. The EFF obtained over 10% of the votes in Gauteng, Limpopo and North West, and beat the DA to second place in Limpopo and North West. In the other six provinces won by the ANC, the DA obtained second place. In the Western Cape, the only province not won by the ANC, the DA increased its majority from 51,5% to 59,4%..

In 2015, South Africa celebrated the 60th Anniversary of the Freedom Charter, which called for peace and friendship among nations. The 40th Anniversary of the 16 June 1976 Soweto Student Uprising was celebrated in 2016, along with the 20th Anniversary of the signing of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996.

The 2016 municipal elections were held on 3 August 2016. The ANC won 53,9% of the total vote, followed by the official opposition DA with 26,9% and the EFF with 8,2%.

In 2017, South Africa celebrated five years since the launch of the National Development Plan, which outlines the goals to achieve the vision of a prosperous South Africa by tackling the triple challenge of unemployment, poverty and inequality by 2030..

South Africa celebrated the Centenary of the late Oliver Reginald Tambo in 2017, under the theme: "Life and Legacy of OR Tambo". He was one of the key drivers of South Africa's liberation and one of the founding fathers of the country's constitutional democracy.

At its 54th National Conference held at Nasrec in Soweto on 18 December 2017, the ANC elected Mr Ramaphosa as its president. Following the resignation of President Zuma in February 2018, Mr Ramaphosa was elected unopposed as the fifth President of democratic South Africa by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018.

In 2018, South Africa celebrated the centenary of two Struggle stalwarts, Tata Mandela and Mama Albertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu.

In 2019, South Africa celebrated 25 Years of Freedom. In May 2019, the country also held its sixth national and provincial elections. The ANC won 57,50% of the total vote, followed by the official opposition DA with 20,77% and the EFF with 10.79%.

On 25 May 2019, Mr Ramaphosa was inaugurated as the sixth democratically elected President of South Africa. In a departure from the tradition of holding the inauguration at the Union Buildings, the event took place at Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Pretoria.

On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, China. 'Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2' (SARSCoV-2) was confirmed as the causative agent of what we now know as 'Coronavirus Disease 2019' (COVID-19). Since then, the virus has spread to more than 100 countries, including South Africa.

On 15 March 2020, President Ramaphosa declared a national state of disaster, and announced measures such as immediate travel restrictions and the closure of schools from 18 March. The declaration of the National State of Disaster
empowered government to take the measures that prevented many more people from becoming severely ill and saved countless lives.

It also provided the legal basis for the introduction of the special R350 Social Relief of Distress Grant and the establishment of the COVID Temporary Employee/ Employer Relief Scheme, which provided wage support to millions of workers.

On 17 March, the National Coronavirus Command Council was established to lead the nation's plan to contain the spread and mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19. On 23 March, a 21-day national lockdown was announced, starting
on 27 March 2020.

President Ramaphosa announced that from 1 May 2020, a gradual and phased easing of the lockdown restrictions would begin. From 1 June, the national restrictions were lowered to Alert Level 3. The restrictions were lowered to
alert Level 2 on 17 August 2020 and from 21 September 2020 restrictions were lowered to Alert Level 1.

Government declared 2021 The Year of Charlotte Mannya-Maxeke under the theme: "The Year of Charlotte Mannya-Maxeke: Realising Women's Equality". She was a pioneer, activist, artist, intellectual, internationalist and visionary. On
1 November 2021, the country held its sixth Local Government Elections. The ANC won the majority seats in 161 municipal councils, followed by the DA in 13 municipalities and the IFP in 10 municipalities. A total of 66 municipal councils
were hung - meaning that no party gained an outright majority in those councils. From the 9th to the 18th of July 2021, South Africa experienced civil unrest mainly in some parts of KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng, which left in its wake over
354 people dead.

The Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture, Corruption and Fraud in the Public Sector, led by then Deputy Chief Justice Raymond Zondo (now Chief Justice), handed all its report to The Presidency in 2022.

Source: Official Guide to South Africa
Related links: South African Yearbook

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Modern humans have lived at the southern tip of Africa for more than 100 000 years and their ancestors for some 3,3 million years. Some 2 000 years ago, the Khoekhoen (the Hottentots of early European terminology) were pastoralists who had settled mostly along the coast, while the San (the Bushmen) were huntergatherers spread across the region.

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@kamo_mphelaxx

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Why South Africa is Called a Rainbow Nation

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Why South Africa is Called a Rainbow Nation

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In 1994, Archbishop Desmond Tutu called SA a "Rainbow Nation". The country has beautiful landscape and ethnic diversity.

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Why is South Africa called the Rainbow Nation?

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To understand why South Africa is called the Rainbow Nation involves a look at the different strands of the country.

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This article discusses the Soweto protest that occurred in 1976 against Afrikaans and the shooting of the protestors. This picture was taken that day and it changed how the world viewed apartheid in South Africa.

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For a child growing up in Soweto, South Africa, in 1976, apartheid was an abstract concept. White minority rule didn’t mean much in a community that was exclusively black. Parents and neighbors complained of denigrating treatment at work and segregated facilities in the nearby city of Johannesburg, but except for the occasional police superintendent or social worker, many children never encountered white people, and rarely experienced the racial divisions of a repugnant social order that treated most of the country’s residents like a lesser form of humanity.

Read More: See the Photos That Gave Americans Their First Glimpse of Apartheid in 1950

That all changed when the government decreed that instead of learning in English, as most black children were, they would be taught in Afrikaans. To 15-year-old Antoinette Sithole, it was a bombshell. Not only was Afrikaans the language of their colonial oppressors—Afrikaans evolved from the Dutch spoken by South Africa’s first European settlers—she was already having a hard time understanding much of her subject matter. “Obviously physical science on its own is very difficult,” remembers Sithole, now 65. “The very same subject that you are struggling with in English, we are going to do them in Afrikaans? This doesn’t make sense.”

So Sithole and an estimated 20,000 other students from Soweto’s high schools decided, in secret, to hold a protest. For a young woman caught up in the heady excitement of drafting slogans, writing signboards and practicing revolutionary songs, it was an immense rush. “We were a little bit scared, you know, but we felt free already. It was like, ‘Now we are taking the streets of Soweto with a message.’” The night before the protest, Sithole ironed her school uniform and packed her school bag with placards, while her younger brother, 13-year-old Hector Pieterson, looked on enviously. Younger students were not supposed to be part of the protest.

Read More: South Africa’s Justice Minister Is Objecting to Parole for the Killer of an Anti-Apartheid Hero

June 16, 1976 dawned cold and cloudy. As Sithole made her way towards the pre-planned gathering point, she had no idea that the protest would not only change the course of South African history, but that it would also profoundly impact her own life, and that of three other people who are now indelibly linked to the uprising through a singular image that rocked the world.

Sam Nzima

Hector Pieterson, 1976.

Though the protest had been planned secretly, one of the organizers leaked details to the media in order to guarantee coverage. Sam Nzima, a 42-year-old photojournalist with The World newspaper, was sent out to cover it. Nzima got his start in photography by taking portraits with a second-hand Brownie camera. When he made it to The World in 1968, there was nowhere else for a black photographer in apartheid-era South Africa to go—even the news was segregated. The World was written by blacks, for blacks. Its sister publication, The Star, was for whites. “Black photographers were not allowed to work for The Star,” says Nzima. “We were only allowed to interview blacks, and we were not allowed to write about whites.” It didn’t even occur to Nzima to protest. “The thing about protesting, you go to jail,” he remembers.

Nzima arrived at Naledi High School around six in the morning. Students were already preparing their placards, scrawling slogans with thick lines of paint: AWAY WITH AFRIKAANS; AFRIKAANS MUST BE ABOLISHED; WE ARE BEING CERTIFIED BUT NOT EDUCATED. Even then, Nzima felt a thick sense of foreboding. Few of the children had any experience with the apartheid state, but he had seen plenty of police crackdowns in his work. They never ended peacefully. “I knew that they would be arrested or be killed. There were no rubber bullets back then. It was live ammunition. When they pull out the gun, you must know that you are dead.”

Read More: Nas: ‘It’s Not Cool For the U.S. to Look Like Apartheid South Africa’

A few hours later, students were pouring in from across Soweto, waving their placards and singing. Everyone she knew was there, says Sithole. Friends from school, distant acquaintances from church and cousins from miles away. “It was amazing,” she remembers. “It was like we were going on a school trip, but on foot.” Suddenly, she heard a bang, and thick clouds of teargas filled the streets. Police marched down the streets, shouting at the students to disperse. “We all ran amok in confusion, running for cover, dashing into other people’s homes,” remembers Sithole. She didn’t understand why her eyes were burning until someone explained tear gas and gave her water to soothe the pain.

When Sithole crept out of her hiding place, she spotted her younger brother across the street. “He was not supposed to be there. He was too young to understand what was really going on,” she recalls. She waved, and he smiled, too caught up in the excitement to be afraid. Sithole shouted at him to stay put. She kept telling him that they would be ok; that she would find a way to get him home, but inside she was terrified. “I was just saying that because I’m a big sister trying to be brave and bold.”

Several students regrouped, and started singing the banned liberation anthem, “Nkosi Sikelel’iAfrika,”or “Lord Bless Africa.” Nzima stood off to the side, between the students and the police, and watched as an enraged white commander shot his gun directly into the crowd. The students scattered. By the time Sithole returned to the street, her brother was nowhere to be found. “Everybody was just shooting at random,” says Nzima. He rushed in with his camera. “I saw a little boy fall down.”

From her position on the edge of the crowd, Sithole saw a man run past with a body in his arms. “The first thing that I spotted was my brother’s shoes,” she says. Confused, Sithole caught up with him. “Who are you?” she demanded. “This is my brother. I’ve been looking for him. Where are you taking him?” But the man just kept on running. Sithole, desperate to keep up, looked more closely at the limp body in his arms. “I saw blood coming from the side of the mouth. I panicked. ‘Can’t you see he’s hurt?’” she shouted at the man. “Who are you, where are you taking him?”

A car screeched to a halt in front of them to transport the boy to a nearby medical clinic, but it was already too late. “He’s dead,” the man told Sithole, as he placed the body in the car. “Hearing that, I was torn into two,” says Sithole. “I could see myself on the other end crying in desperation. It was not real. It was like, this couldn’t be happening. I was with my brother just now. How could this have happened?”

It wasn’t until two years later that Sithole learned the name of the man who had tried to save her brother. Eighteen-year-old Mbuyisa Makhubo had already finished school, so he wasn’t part of the protest. But he knew about it from his friends. He was at home when he heard the gunfire. “Mama, they are killing the kids,” he shouted, according to his sister, Gwendolyn Nontsikelelo. He tore through the backyard, leapt over the gate and ran to help. To his older sister, now 61, that was typical Makhubo, always trying to lend a hand. It was a bit of a family joke—whenever his mother sent him out to sell apples at a football match to earn some extra money, he invariably gave a few away to the hungry, despite shorting his own profits.

Nzima, the photographer, vividly remembers hearing Makhubo’s anguish as he tried to save the boy. “‘I must try to help this dying bleeding boy,’” he said, as he ran towards to the clinic.

From the time the white policeman fired his first shot, to the point where the boy’s body was loaded into the car, Nzima took six pictures. Even though he had been anticipating violence, he still wasn’t prepared. “I did not expect to see a 13-year-old boy being shot by the police.” he says. “So many were injured. So many were killed. But Hector Pieterson was the first.” Nzima knew the photos were good, but he also knew he would be singled out by the police for photographing the violence. So he rewound the film mid-roll and stuffed it in his sock. He started on a fresh roll, as enraged students turned on the police. “The students got hold of one policeman and they put him down on the ground and they slaughtered him like a goat,” recalls Nzima. “They set him on fire. He was burnt beyond recognition.” When other officers saw that Nzima was still taking pictures, they forced him to open up all his cameras. “All the films were exposed,” says Nzima. “And that one of the policeman who was killed by the students was destroyed.”

Nzima often thinks about the two scenes he captured that day. One of a boy being killed by the police, and another of students killing a policeman. Only one image made it back to The World. Had it been the other, South Africa’s history might have been a lot different. When the photos were developed a few hours later, an argument broke out among editors at The World over whether or not to run the now iconic image of a clearly traumatized Makhubo carrying a dead boy in his arms, his sister running alongside in anguish. “There was a big debate,” recalls Nzima. “This picture is going to horrify the people,” one editor said. “If we use this picture, it’s going to spark civil war in South Africa.” Another countered that there was no better illustration of what was happening in Soweto. Children had been killed by the apartheid police. The latter argument won, and The World published an evening Extra edition.

No one was prepared for the impact. The World had a relationship with international wire agencies, and by the next day, Nzima’s photo was splashed across the front pages of newspapers from New York to Moscow. Suddenly the world could no longer ignore the horror of apartheid. Almost overnight, international opinion hardened against South Africa’s apartheid regime. The U.S. government condemned the shooting, and activists worldwide began lobbying for economic sanctions, which eventually brought the apartheid government to its knees. In South Africa the picture helped launch a civil uprising and emboldened the black liberation movement. “We never thought that would be the turning point,” says Sithole. “The protest was about Afrikaans in school. But it raised eyebrows for other countries that this is not right. How can kids be killed for claiming their rights?”

Sam Nzima's photo used in The World on June 16, 1976.

The World

Though the photo’s publication would eventually bring about the end of apartheid, in 1994, for Nzima, Sithole and Makhubo the immediate aftermath was horrifying. Nzima started getting harassed by the police. A few days after the photo’s publication he got a call from a friend in the force. “Sam,” said the friend, “Choose between your job and your life.” The police had been given new orders: “Wherever you find Sam taking pictures, shoot at him, kill him. Then you come and fill the forms here that it was a stray bullet.”

Nzima immediately resigned from The World, and fled for his hometown of Lillydale, a hardscrabble hamlet a day’s drive from Johannesburg. Three months later the police caught up to him and put him under house arrest. He never took a photo again. The government shut down The World two years later, and raided the office. Nzima’s negatives are thought to have been destroyed.

Sithole buried her brother two weeks later, on July 3. At the beginning she couldn’t bear to look at the photo. “It used to break me in pieces,” she says. But over time she was able to put it into a kind of perspective. More than 170 people died that day, and hundreds more in subsequent uprisings. “We were not the only ones,” she says.

Nontsikelelo only heard about her brother’s role when she passed a newsstand on her way home from work that evening. He didn’t come home until very late, and he refused to talk about it. “He just changed from that day,” recalls Nontsikelelo. “He was hurt, he was confused. I think he felt bad that Hector died. His intention was to save him.” Soweto was in flames, and the riots lasted for days. “It was very tense. You didn’t know what to feel, what to say,” says Nontsikelelo.

Soon the police started coming around. They accused Makhubo of posing the photo in order to embarrass the government. Makhubo slipped deeper into depression. He stopped sleeping at home. And then one day, he just left. The family set a place for him at the table for Christmas dinner. When he didn’t come home, they decided they would never celebrate Christmas again.

Makhubo phoned home once, from Botswana. The family would get scraps of news from time to time through anti-apartheid activists. The last they heard of him was in 1978. He sent a letter from Nigeria saying he was planning on walking to Jamaica. That was Nontsikelelo’s first indication that he was mentally unstable. “How can a man walk from Nigeria to Jamaica?” she asks.

For Makhubo’s family, the photograph elicits mixed emotions. “To us the picture is a misery,” says Nontsikelelo, as she gazes at a replica on the bookshelf of her Soweto home. “This guy just disappeared off the face of the earth. Where is he? Did he die? If he did, how? Who was there? That’s the thing that makes us miserable.” The hardest thing, she says, is the sense that she should have done more to help him. “When I look at his frowning face, I want to say to him, ‘Don’t worry, you tried your best. You’re not responsible that [the boy] died. You did what you did to help him. Please don’t be sad.’”

Back in Lillydale, Nzima picks up his old Pentax, the camera that made him famous—and ended his career. He hits the shutter button and winds the non-existent film in a habit untarnished by decades of disuse. “That picture destroyed my future in journalism,” says Nzima, now 83. “I regretted that I took the picture at that time, because I was compelled to leave my job. Now I say people are free in South Africa because of the contribution that I’ve done by this picture.”

Every year Nzima meets with young South African student groups to teach them about the Soweto uprising. Sithole helped establish and run Soweto’s Hector Pieterson museum and memorial. But both still regret Makhubo’s disappearance. “I wish Mbuyisa can come back home,” says Nzima. “Then Mbuyisa, Antoinette, and myself can come together and say, ‘Well done. We have shaped a lot in South Africa.’”

Contact us at letters@time.com.

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This Photo Inspired the World to Fight Against Apartheid

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The Soweto uprising happened 4o years ago

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Kamo Mphela — Thula Thula (Amapiano Now)

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3 episode podcast that explores contemporary literature, spoken word, and poetry in South Africa.

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BBC Radio 4 - Writing a New South Africa

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Thabiso Mohare presents a picture of South Africa's literary and spoken word scene.

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