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The Chinese Exclusion Act involved Chinese laborers and even some selective Chinese non-laborers which was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur in 1882.

Prior to this in 1880, the administration of President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed U.S. diplomat James B. Angell, who negotiated with China and resulted in the Angell Treaty, which permitted the United States to restrict Chinese immigration.

(source: https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=47)
(source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/chinese-immigration)

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Our Documents - Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

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OurDocuments.gov. Featuring 100 milestone documents of American history from the National Archives. Includes images of original primary source documents, lesson plans, teacher and student competitions, and educational resources.

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May 6, 1882 - Chinese Exclusion Act signed into law
May 6, 1892 - made permanent by Geary Act
December 17, 1943 - repealed by Magnuson Act

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Throughout the 1950s, Chinese workers started migrating to the United States to work in gold mines, factories, agriculture, and the garment industry. However, most Chinese laborers were under extreme financial pressure due to the loans they had to pay to get into America and sending money back home to their families.

These laborers would work under any wages, while non-Chinese laborers demanded higher wages. In turn, this caused non-Chinese laborers to resent the Chinese who would work under the wages they refused. Years of anti-Chinese legislation went by up until 1882, when James B. Angell was appointed to negotiate a new treaty with China. The Angell treaty catalyzed the beginning of the restriction on Chinese immigration. The Act went from limited Chinese immigration to total suspension of any Chinese laborers for 10 years.

(source: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/chinese-immigration)

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Milestones: 1866–1898 - Office of the Historian

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The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first and only law that restricted immigration for a specific nationality.

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Immigrants experience stigma because they are called “outsiders” or “foreigners” and are stereotyped as undocumented or criminals.

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Fear and hatred of the foreign “other” has had a presence around the world for centuries. These attitudes of fear and hatred refer to xenophobia, a fear that the less deserving foreigner will take away your way of life.

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During Donald Trump’s presidency, he signed three executive orders that threatened the rights of immigrants and refugees. He stopped the resettlement of Syrian refugees indefinitely through his executive order entitled, “Protecting the Nation from Terrorist Attacks by Foreign Nationals.” This order also shut down the refugee program for one hundred twenty days, reduced the number of refugees to be admitted in the United States, and suspended the visas of citizens from Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, and Yemen.

Throughout Trump's campaign he called for the construction of a wall between the United States and Mexico to limit immigration.

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Gold Rush → Initially worked the Mines and built railroads

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Though the hate for chinese was more prevalent in the west, as a result of the influx of workers.

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Resulted in the first initial surge of Asian (mainly Chinese) imigration into America. Mostly men looking for work to support families across the pacific.

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“Chinese Immigration and the Chinese Exclusion Acts.” Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/chinese-immigration.